孕妇社会资本量表的修订及信效度检验

目的 旨在翻译、修订孕妇社会资本评估量表（Social Capital Assessment Tool for in Pregnancy for Maternal Health, SCAT-MH）,并检验其信效度。方法 采用两阶段便利抽样的方法,样本1（n=253）主要用于修订中文版SCAT-MH量表;样本2（n=335）主要验证该量表的信效度。结果 中文版SCAT-MH主要包含4个维度16个条目,量表总的Cronbach ɑ为0.862,各个维度的信度系数在0.701~0.901之间,分半信度系数为0.819、0.760,重测信度系数为0.854;量表各个条目与总分（r=0.484~0.776,PSymbol|@@0.01）、维度与总分均呈中高度相关（r=0.575~0.807,PSymbol|@@0.01）,具有较好的内容效度;总量表及4个维度得分与效标工具均有相关性;验证性因子结果显示模型拟合度较好。结论 修订、汉化后的中文版SCAT-MH量表具有较好的信度、效度及区分度,适用于我国孕妇社会资本的评估。     

Role of cutaneous feedback in ventral rubbing in the male Mongolian gerbil

Increased arousal levels in pregnant rats were produced via electrical stimulation of the reticular formation (RF) on Days 6–16 of gestation. Current levels between 0.02 and 0.06 mA were selected depending on the threshold for overt motor response to stimulation in the individual animal. Offspring were tested at 30 days of age for threshold of flurothyl-induced convulsion, and at 90 days of age for percent avoidance in a shock avoidance task. In comparison to offspring of implanted controls, RF-stimulated offspring had elevated seizure thresholds (males and females) and enhanced avoidance performance (females only). Further studies using fostering showed that the effect on avoidance performance was mediated both prenatally and postnatally. The relative importance of prenatal and postnatal influences on seizure threshold could not be determined. These results are compared to previous studies of the behavioral effects of prenatal chlorpromazine threatment.     

抗肌萎缩蛋白基因51号外显子的精确定位

抗肌萎缩蛋白基因是迄今发现的人类最大基因,长约2300 kb,含有75个外显子。对该巨大基因的研究是近年来医学分子生物学研究的一个热点。虽然抗肌萎缩蛋白基因HindⅢ片段排序后就知道第51号外显子位于3.lkb的第40号HlndⅢ片段中,由于抗肌萎缩蛋白基因组DNA至今未被克隆,233bP的第51号外显子在3.lkp HindⅢ片段中的部位并不知道,也不知道它两侧的DNA结构。51号外显子     

孕妇风疹病毒IgG、IgM检测及意义

目的：了解温州地区孕妇对风疹的免疫状态,探讨风疹病毒IgG、IgM检测对评估孕妇免疫状态及判断风疹宫内感染的作用。方法：用ELISA法对1471名产前检查孕妇检测风疹病毒特异性抗体IgG、IgM,电镜检查和分子生物学法检查组织中病毒颗粒和病毒核酸。结果：76.07%（1119／1471）的孕妇具有免疫力,7.41%（109／1471）有孕妇为原发感染,14.14%的孕妇为易感,2.38%（35／1471）的孕妇IgG、IgM均呈阳性,其中1例引产胎儿心肌细胞和1例死胎的心肌、肝及脑细胞中均发现病毒颗粒。结论：同时检测孕妇风疹IgG和IgM可以正确判断孕妇的免疫状态,对IgM阳性孕妇应进行连续多次检测,IgM持续呈阳性三个月以上的孕妇可大致确定为宫内感染。     

饮食疗法对糖耐量减低孕妇的新生儿出生体重的影响

目的 评价饮食疗法对妊娠期糖耐量减低（ＧＩＧＴ）孕妇的新生儿出生体重的影响。 对２２５５例单胎,足月,无严重内科合并症的初产妇进行５０ｇ葡萄糖应激试验（５０ｇＧＣＴ）,阳性者进一步作口服７５ｇ葡萄糖耐量试验（７５ｇＧＴＴ）。对妊娠期糖尿病９ＧＤＭ）和妊娠期ＧＩＧＴ孕妇施行饮食疗法,将其新生儿出生体重与正常对照组比较。     

妊娠妇女血清总胆汁酸及肝功能的检测

目的探讨孕妇血清总胆汁酸(TBA)水平变化规律,以减少妊娠并发症,保证胎儿正常发育。方法采用日立7150型全自动生化分析仪对322例不同孕期的妇女及非孕妇女进行血清TBA及常规肝功能项目对照检查。结果孕妇血清TBA、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、总胆红素(TBIL)、总蛋白(TP)及白蛋白(ALB)与对照组比较有差异性,但大多数仍在正常范围内;妊娠期肝内胆汁瘀积症(ICP)及中高度妊高征孕妇血清TBA显著增高。结论孕妇血清TBA随妊娠时间增加而升高,它是ICP及妊高征肝损害早期诊断的一个敏感指标,因此孕妇血清RBA测定应作为一个常规检测项目。     

孕妇孕期营养知识和态度的影响因素分析

目的：了解广州市孕妇孕期营养认识水平的影响因素,为有针对地提出干扰措施提供科学依据。方法：在我院产检门诊随机抽取３４７例孕龄３４周以上的初孕妇女,对她们进行现场问卷调查并采用方差、相关、回归等分析。结果：孕妇的孕期营养知识水平不同程度地受到孕妇及其丈夫的文化程度、职业、教育性质、工作性质、家庭形态、营养知识来源、是否参加过孕期营养知识讲座、居住地区等因素的影响,上述因素对营养知识的影响较营养态度明     

Analysis of Contraceptive Knowledge among MarriedReproductive Women in China

Objective To investigate how well the married reproductive women in China have the contraceptive knowledge and its influencing factors Data & Methods The data derived from "The national survey on population and re productive health in 1997" executed by State Family Planning Commission (SFPC) were analyzed. Results It showed that the contraceptive knowledge of married reproductive women was poor in China. Only 5. 9% of women got full mark (4 points) in the survey and 42. 5% of them got zero. In this survey, married reproductive women got lower marks were those who were older, in rural area, with low education levels themselves and their husbands; with a non-Hah husband, later menarche onset and earlier marriage; who had never received gynecological examination, or courses for newly married. Conclusion Spreading contraceptive knowledge among married reproductive women should be one of the central missions of family planning services in future. The focus should be put on those women we mentioned above. Regular gynecological examinations should be carried out and the education for newly married people should be more effi cient. When the courses of contraceptive knowledge are provided, both husband and wife should attend.     

Prospective Recruitment of Women Receiving Prenatal Care from Diverse Provider Arrangements: A Potential Strategy

Objectives: This study describes the use of a Medicaid managed care list to prospectively recruit into a research project pregnant women receiving care from a variety of providers. Method: A list of women enrolled in Medicaid managed care was used to recruit pregnant African-American and Latina women into a study of prenatal care satisfaction. Due to privacy concerns, the researchers were not able to directly access names from the list. Instead, a managed care contract agency sent recruitment letters to 1009 pregnant African-American and Latina Medicaid recipients. Response rates by ethnicity and several other key variables are calculated. The biases associated with this method of recruiting pregnant women from a variety of providers are discussed. Results: Thirty-five percent of the women contacted returned consent forms and agreed to have researchers approach them; the response rate for African-American women was 43% and for Latinas was 29% (p < 0.0001). Respondents were younger and later in their pregnancies than nonrespondents, but did not differ from them by zip code of residence. The women recruited into the study obtained prenatal care from a diverse group of providers. Conclusions: While the use of a prospectively generated list of pregnant Medicaid recipients to recruit low-income pregnant women into a research study may be associated with some selection bias, the potential cost savings, decreased effort, and diminished recall bias may make their use a feasible sampling alternative, particularly when the researcher desires to recruit women seeking care from a variety of provider arrangements.     

Receipt of Recommended Prenatal Interventions and Birth Weight Among African-American Women: Analysis of Data from the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey

Objectives: While the importance of exploring and better measuring elements of prenatal care have been noted in the public health literature, the components and timing of such services have been poorly examined for the overall pregnant population and specifically for African-Americans, who traditionally have had higher rates of low birth weight and premature delivery. This study explores the association between patient receipt of selected recommended prenatal care interventions and infant birth weight in a nationally representative sample of African-American women, while controlling for the influence of low birth weight risk indicators. Method: This is a retrospective case-control analysis using survey data of women who delivered normal birth weight, moderate low birth weight, and very low birth weight newborns in 1988. A sample of 3905 African-American women who responded to the 1988 National Maternal and Infant Health Survey is examined based on maternal recall of receipt of six clinical screening procedures and seven health-promotion recommendations. Birth weight measures were obtained from linked 1988 birth certificate data. Results: The initial results indicated that women who do not receive all of the recommended health-promotion advice are more likely to deliver very low birth weight infants than women who receive all of the advice in the content of their prenatal care, after controlling for low birth weight risks (OR = 1.28; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.7). However, when breast-feeding advice is removed from the aggregation of health-promotion advice, the significant effect of advice on very low birth weight is negated. No other significant group variations in the receipt of clinical screening procedures or health-promotion advice for women who gave birth in the remaining birth weight categories are observed. Conclusions: Nationally recommended initial clinical screening procedures and health-promotion advice in prenatal care content do not appear to be associated with a reduction in low birth weight for African-American women. More research is needed to better assess the impact of other antenatal interventions, particularly those given to women with a higher prevalence of poor birth outcomes.