Outcome of pathologic fractures of the proximal femur in nonosteogenic primary bone sarcoma

Pathologic fractures of the proximal femur resulting from primary bone sarcomas are often difficult to treat and some are often not recognized resulting in inappropriate interventions prior to the correct diagnosis being made. The aim of the study was to identify factors determining the survival after pathologic fractures of the proximal femur resulting from nonosteogenic primary bone sarcomas.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively reviewed 72 patients with nonosteogenic primary bone sarcomas of the proximal femur (chondrosarcoma in 34 patients, spindle cell sarcoma in 25 and Ewing’s sarcoma in 13). There were 40 male and 32 female patients. The mean age was 49 years. We analyzed patient, tumor, and treatment factors in relation to overall survival. The mean follow up was 55 months (range 0-302 months).

Results

The overall 5-year survival rate was 44% (Ewing’s sarcoma 60%, chondrosarcoma 57%, spindle cell sarcoma 30%, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma 0%). The diagnosis of spindle cell sarcoma and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma was the only significant factor adversely affecting survival. There was no difference in survival resulting from timing of the fracture, site of the fracture, age at diagnosis, surgical margin, limb salvage or amputation.

Conclusions

The key-factor adversely affecting the survival after pathologic fractures of the proximal femur resulting from nonosteogenic primary bone sarcomas is the histological diagnosis of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma and spindle cell sarcoma.     

肾癌常见病理亚型的多层螺旋CT表现及诊断

目的：探讨肾细胞癌常见病理亚型多层螺旋CT多期增强扫描表现特征,提高其诊断及鉴别诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析192例经手术和病理证实的肾细胞癌多层螺旋CT平扫及增强检查皮髓质期、实质期和排泄期扫描的影像资料,观察并比较各种亚型CT动态强化方式及表现特征。结果：平扫CT,160例透明细胞癌中密度不均141例,24例乳头状癌中密度不均17例,而8例嫌色细胞癌中6例密度均匀。多期增强检查,透明细胞癌（153/160）增强皮髓质期呈明显不均匀强化,实质期强化程度快速下降,排泄期持续下降,表现为＂快进快出＂型;而乳头状癌（23/24）和嫌色细胞癌（6/8）皮髓质期均呈轻、中度强化,实质期和排泄期呈持续强化,表现为＂渐进性强化＂型。经统计学分析,三种亚型肾癌间的平扫及排泄期CT值无统计学差异;而皮髓质期及实质期透明细胞癌与乳头状癌和嫌色细胞癌间的CT值有统计学差异,但乳头状癌与嫌色细胞癌间CT值在皮髓质期无统计学差异。结论：多层螺旋CT多期增强扫描对透明细胞癌与其它亚型肾癌的鉴别有一定的价值,但乳头状癌与嫌色细胞癌的鉴别常常较为困难。     

TCT联合HPV-DNA检测在宫颈病变中的诊断价值

目的 宫颈癌是妇女常见的恶性肿瘤之一.目前大量的研究认为人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)是宫颈癌的主要致病因素,几乎所有宫颈癌都伴有HPV亚型.本研究旨在评价TCT联合HPV-DNA检测对宫颈病变的诊断价值.方法 用新柏液基薄层细胞学(TCT)技术筛查并与病理学诊断相结合,对宫颈炎和宫颈上皮内瘤变(CIN1)一级及其以上(≥CIN1)病例各200例进行高危型HPV16/18型荧光定量PCR检测.结果 宫颈病变≥CIN1组阳性病例69例,阳性率34.5%;宫颈炎对照组阳性病例16例,阳性率8.0%.两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 高危型HPV16/18感染与宫颈上皮内瘤变密切相关.HPV高危型患者CIN发病率较高,特别是高度病变,HPV高危型检测在宫颈病变的检查中有重要意义.如与宫颈细胞学检查(TCT技术)、阴道镜检查和病理诊断相结合可提高宫颈病变的检出率.     

Über den Hautcyclus einer neuen Spontanmutante (Nackig) mit mangelhafter Haarkeratinisierung bei der Maus

Summary The collagen type composition of normal and pathologic scars was examined in comparison with normal skin from the same individual. Particular care was taken to separate scar tissue from adjacent normal dermis. After urea extraction, the tissue specimens were cleaved with cyanogen bromide. The presence of the dermal collagen types I and III was deduced from the electrophoretic distribution patterns of the CNBr peptides in 12% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The intensity of the type III specific peptide bands correlates with the type III content of the samples. Using this method, the presence of both type I and type III collagen can be proved in normal as well as pathologic scars. The type III content in older normal scars is slightly increased, whereas the type III content of pathologic scars is significantly increased in comparison with the type III content of normal skin. The electrophoretic CNBr peptide distribution pattern of pathologic scar tissue is almost the same as that of fetal skin. Both are clearly different from the peptide pattern of normal adult skin.     

THE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY AND QUANTITATIVE MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE (MALT) LYMPHOMA IN STOMACH

Objective: To invetigate the Immunohistochemistry characters and quantitative nmorphometric significance for the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma of stomach in 14 patients. Methods: The routine paraffin slides were cut, stained with H.E., and immunochemically by ABC method. The morphologic appearance of nuclei of lymphoma cells were measured with HPIAS-1000 color pathology picture analysis system. Results of the 14 cases, 9 was centrocyte like (CCL) cell lymphoma, 2 CCL with large cell lymphoma, 1 small no cleaved cell lymphoma, 1 large no cleaved cell lymphoma, 1 T immunoblastic malignant lymphoma. The morphologic measurement results showed that there were great significant differences (P<0.001) for the 15 items of morphology parameters between the nuclei of MALT lymphoma cells and those of normal control lymphocytes in stomach. There were great significance differences (P<0.001) or significance (P<0.05) for the most of the 15 items of morphologic parameters of nuclei among the 5 types of MALT lymphoma. Especially, that the values of area, circumference, equivalent diameter, area volume, circumference volume, long diameter, short diameter, practical area were increasing as the malignant degree of classification was rising, which reflect the increasing malignancy of the tumor. Conclusion: It was suggested that with the quantitative morphology measurement method, man could make accurate diagnosis for MALT lymphoma. It offered us a new method to make the diagnosis, so that it had significance. It might be also practicable with morphology measurement method to make the sub classification of MALT lymphoma.     

烟雾病合并后循环病变的临床特征

目的探讨烟雾病合并后循环病变的流行病学及临床特征,以提高对烟雾病的认识。方法回顾性分析我科2002年1月～2010年1月收治的烟雾病合并后循环病变252例的临床资料。结果 252例中〈10岁46例（18.3%）,10～18岁47例（18.6%）,≥18岁159例（63.1%）,年龄分布上有两个发病高峰,最高峰位于10～14岁,另一高峰位于40～44岁。男女发病年龄无明显差异。地域分布中,河南省57例,山东省42例,河北省35例,其余分布于其他27个省、直辖市。19例（7.5%）有家族遗传史。本组以短暂性脑缺血发作、脑梗死、头痛、头晕、脑出血、癫痫等为首发症状,均经全脑血管造影或磁共振动脉造影（MRA）确诊。结论烟雾病合并后循环病变流行病学及临床特征独特,遇到疑似病例可行全脑血管造影或MRA等检查,以助诊断。     

原发性附睾肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的：提高原发性附睾肿瘤的诊治水平，进一步认识附睾恶性肿瘤的生物学行为及可行的诊断和治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析我院1998～2003年12月收治的6例原发性附睾肿瘤患者的临床资料：5例为附睾良性肿瘤，其中2例行肿块切除，3例行附睾切除。1例为附睾小圆细胞高度恶性肿瘤，行患侧睾丸附睾切除术并精索高位切断，术后用DDP80～100mg／m^2加VP16300mg／m^2加IFO5．0mg／m^2方案化疗，三个疗程后行放疗三个疗程。结果：5例良性肿瘤患者随访至今无一例复发；1例小圆细胞高度恶性肿瘤已随访12个月未见明显转移。结论：附睾良性和恶性肿瘤无特异性，术前诊断仍应综合病史、体检、影像学检查确定。附睾恶性肿瘤的组织来源复杂，其病理学诊断往往需结合组织化学、电镜观察进行，必要时需作遗传学和基因学诊断。手术是治疗良性和恶性附睾肿瘤的首选方法。     

婴幼儿肾母细胞瘤23例临床病理学观察

目的 :研究肾母细胞瘤临床病理特征与治疗及预后关系 ,指导临床治疗。方法 :采用免疫组化及组织化学方法检测 2 3例肾母细胞瘤对 Keratin.EMA Vimentin.desmin.NSE的表达及粘液形成 ,并对患者的年龄、肿瘤的大小、间变及临床分期与生存期进行了比较分析。结果 :2 3例肾母细胞瘤中 ,含有上皮成分的 13例均表达 Keratin和 EMA;2 3例的胚基和间质成分均表达 Vimentin;有平滑肌和横纹肌分化的 5例均为 desmin阳性 ;有神经分化的 2例为 NSE表达 ;含有粘液成分的 17例为阿辛蓝染色阳性。 2 3例肿瘤其患者年龄大于 2岁者 ,肿瘤直径大于 10 cm,瘤细胞有间变者 ,临床分期为 期以上者 ,肿瘤组织无肾小管样分化者及有粘液形成者预后生存期短。结论 :肾母细胞瘤的年龄 ,肿瘤大小 ,临床分期 ,肿瘤有无间变 ,肾小管样分化及粘液成分是影响预后的主要指标 ,临床中参考这些指标指导治疗。     

38例胃肠道间质瘤临床病理分析

目的：探讨胃肠道间质瘤的临床病理、免疫组化特点。方法：观察38例胃肠道间质瘤形态学特征及免疫组化染色。结果：65．8％胃肠道间质瘤发生在胃，瘤细胞为梭形或上皮样，或两者混合存在，胞浆嗜酸性较弱，免疫组化表型为CD34＋、CD117＋。结论：胃肠道间质瘤是最常见的间叶源性肿瘤，有较独特免疫组化表型，免疫组化可协助鉴别诊断。