Different behavioural patterns induced by apomorphine: evidence that the method of administration determines the behavioural response to the drug

The behavioural effects of s.c. injected apomorphine was studied on habituated rats in a test-box designed to measure 8 different components of behaviour. Apomorphine, 1 mg/kg, induced two different behaviours: The "G-type" of behaviour characterized by compulsive gnawing and the "LS-type" of behaviour characterized by increased locomotion, sniffing and repetitive head and limb movements. G-type behaviour was induced when apomorphine, dissolved by heating, was injected s.c. into the flank of the animal. LS-type behaviour was induced both when apomorphine, dissolved by heating, was injected s.c. into the neck and when it was dissolved by heating together with a high concentration of ascorbic acid (1 mg/ml) and injected s.c. into the flank. G-type behaviour could not be elicited by changing the dose which induced LS-type behaviour or vice versa. We therefore conclude that these different behavioural effects of apomorphine were not dose--response effects but were elicited by at least two different synaptic mechanisms in the brain. Experimentally induced changes from one of these apomorphine-induced behaviours to another can therefore not merely be interpreted as a change in the intensity of the behavioural response as is done in e.g. commonly used stereotypy rating scales.     

经尿道前列腺汽化与开放性手术对老年前列腺增生患者术后性功能的影响

目的评价经尿道前列腺汽化(TUVP)和开放性手术对老年前列腺增生(BPH)患者术后性功能的影响.方法分别统计分析经尿道前列腺汽化组(TUVP组)、耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除组(SPP组)和耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除组(Madigan组)术后6个月、1 2个月勃起障碍(ED)与逆行射精(RE)的发生率.结果术后6个月ED的发生率在TUVP组(n=52)、SPP组(n=46)、Madigan组(n=32)分别为1 3.4%(7/52)、1 5.2%(7/46)、1 2.5%(4/32),术后12个月ED的发生率分别为11.5%(6/52)、1 5.2%(7/46)、1 2.5%(4/32),术后6个月、1 2个月RE的发生率在TUVP组、SPP组、Madigan组分别为46.2%(24/5 2)、39.1%(1 8/46)、9.3%(3/32).结论TUVP与传统开放性手术SPP及Madigan手术相比较对勃起障碍的影响无统计学差异(p＞0.05),但逆行射精的发生率较Madigan手术组高,提示对术后射精功能有较大影响.     

Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors and natural history in a monocentric study with a conservative policy

Background: Penile carcinoma is uncommon in Western countries. Here we report on a large series of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis, describing prognostic factors, survival and therapeutic results.Patients and methods: From 1973 to 1993, 102 patients with invasive SCC of the penis were treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. Precancerous lesions and conditions associated with penis cancer were analyzed retrospectively. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method, and groups were compared for outcome by the log rank test for univariate comparisons and by Cox's proportional hazards model for multivariate analysis.Results: The median age at onset was 58 years. Sixty-nine patients presented with Jackson's stage I disease, 17 with stage II and 15 with stage III. The interval between the manifestation of symptoms and the diagnosis was more than a year in 13.7% of cases. Precancerous lesions were found in 17 (16.6%) patients, and a history of phimosis was noted in 25 (24.5%). In situ and invasive carcinoma were observed together in 17 (16.6%) cases and dysplasia was associated with invasive carcinoma in eight (7.8%) further cases.Conservative treatment was administered whenever feasible. Interstitial brachytherapy was performed alone or associated with limited surgery (local excision or circumcision) in 72 (70.6%) patients. Of the 28 patients with a local relapse, nine have died of their neoplasms (32%) compared to 21 of 28 patients with lymph node relapse (75%).The median follow-up was 111 months. Disease-free survival, disease-specific survival and overall survival were, respectively, 56%, 72% and 63% at five years and 42%, 66% and 50% at 10 years. Age (P = 0.01), the N status (P < 0.00001) or palpable nodes (P < 0.0038), corpus involvement (P = 0.006) and a verrucous histology (P = 0.038) had significant prognostic relevance for survival in the univariate analysis whereas the performance status, T status and Broders' grade did not. In the multivariate analysis only two parameters, involvement of the corpus (P < 0.0001) and palpable nodes (P = 0.009), were singled out as being independent variables influencing survival. A subgroup of nine patients with verrucous histologies were distinguished by their freedom from node involvement. These patients had an excellent prognosis: all are alive and disease-free. Penile integrity was preserved during follow-up in 54 patients (52.9%), 31 of whom are still alive. Of 72 patients treated by a conservative approach including brachytherapy, long-term penile integrity was maintained in 49 (68%).Conclusion: Corpus involvement and clinically palpable nodes are highly statistically significant independent factors influencing overall survival. Node relapses remain a major cause of death. Thus, better management of lymph nodes is essential for improving survival even when conservative therapy is used to treat the primary.     

七味开心颗粒对脑损伤-嗅球破坏模型大鼠行为及血浆中ACTH、COR含量的影响

目的 :研究七味开心颗粒的药理作用。方法 :采用脑损伤 -嗅球破坏模型 ,将实验大鼠分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、盐酸氯米帕明组、七味开心颗粒 (高、中、低剂量 )组 ,观察各组大鼠行为学变化及其血浆中促肾上腺皮质激素 (ACTH )和皮质醇 (COR)含量的变化。结果 :在敞箱实验和避暗实验中 ,模型组大鼠行为出现明显变化 ,七味开心颗粒组和盐酸氯米帕明组均可显著拮抗大鼠行为变化 ;模型组大鼠血浆中ACTH、COR含量显著升高 (P<0 01) ,七味开心颗粒组和盐酸氯米帕明组都可抑制ACTH、COR含量的升高 (P<0 01)。结论 :七味开心颗粒可能通过作用于下丘脑 -垂体 -肾上腺皮质轴而发挥抗抑郁作用。     

腹腔镜疝修补术与切开法无张力疝修补术疗效对比研究

目的　对比评价电视腹腔镜腹股沟疝修补术和切开法填充式无张力疝修补术的临床疗效。方法　对 12 0例腹股疝患者进行随机分组 ,其中 6 2例实施腹腔镜下疝修补术 ,5 8例实施切开法无张力疝修补术 ,比较两组的手术时间、术后疼痛持续时间、术后并发症发生率 (伤口出血、感染、尿潴留、阴囊水肿等 )、出院时间、复发率、切口美观指数。结果　腹腔镜组除手术时间长于切开法组外 ,其余各指标均优于切开法组 ,具有显著的统计学意义。结论　腹腔镜下行腹股沟疝修补术较之切开法无张力疝修补术确实有术后疼痛轻、下床活动早、住院时间短、恢复快、切口美观和并发症少等较多优点 ,为腹股沟疝的治疗提供更多更优良的选择方法。     

浅低温心脏不停跳体外循环灌注心内直视手术

目的探讨浅低温心脏不停跳心内直视手术体外循环灌注的临床应用前景。方法46例浅低温心内直视手术,只阻断上、下腔静脉,不阻断升主动脉,不灌注停跳液,建立体外循环后缓慢自然降温至31~33℃,在心脏不停跳的情况下完成心内畸形纠正术。结果全组手术过程和术后恢复均顺利,无心律失常和术后低心排等并发症发生,全部患者均痊愈出院。结论该方法是一种接近生理状态下的体外循环灌注法,避免因心脏停跳导致心肌缺血缺氧和再灌注所造成的损伤,能最大限度保护心脏功能,获得较为理想的心肌保护效果。     

A rare association of synchronous intraductal carcinoma of the breast and invasive carcinoma of ectopic breast tissue of the vulva: case report and literature review

Abstract.   Intra M, Maggioni A, Sonzogni A, De Cicco C, Machado LS, Sagona A, Talakhadze N. A rare association of synchronous intraductal carcinoma of the breast and invasive carcinoma of ectopic breast tissue of the vulva: case report and literature review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2006; 16(Suppl. 1): 428–433.
Only 17 cases of breast carcinoma arising in vulvar ectopic mammary tissue have been reported. We present a unique case of synchronous pure intraductal carcinoma of the breast (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of ectopic breast tissue of the vulva. A 53-year-old woman presented with a 2-cm nodule in left labium major of the vulva. A surgical biopsy revealed an invasive carcinoma of ectopic mammary tissue. The mammography showed irregular microcalcifications of the right breast. The patient underwent left hemivulvectomy, bilateral inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsy, and radioguided breast resection (radioguided occult lesion localization) of the microcalcifications. The definitive histology revealed negative inguinal sentinel nodes, no further residual tumor in the vulva, and a high-grade (grade 3) DCIS in the breast. The synchronous occurrence of primary breast carcinoma and ectopic breast tissue carcinoma in the vulva is an extremely rare finding, only once previously being reported and leading to unsolved problems of differential diagnosis. The presence of a pure DCIS of the breast makes this case really unique, definitively confirming the independent primary origin of both mammary tumors. The inguinal sentinel node biopsy avoided a bilateral inguinal dissection.     

感染因素对无张力疝修补术疗效影响的研究

目的 探讨无张力疝修补术是否适用于嵌顿性（伴有全腹膜炎）腹股沟斜疝.方法 根据疝嵌顿后腹膜炎体征情况,统一手术切口、术式及抗生素使用剂量应用天数,对75例腹股沟嵌顿性斜疝患者与同期81例择期的腹股沟疝患者分为两组对比.采用巴徳mesh prefix plug定型产品做无张力疝修补术.比较两组患者手术时间、术后并发症、切口感染率、复发率.结果 与对照组（n=81）相比,研究组（n=75）手术时间明显延长差异有统计学意义（t检验P=4.96＜0.01 ）.术后并发症、切口感染率、复发率差异无统计学意义（χ^20.55,P=0.46;χ^22.73,P=0.09;χ^20.02,P=0.888）.结论 无张力疝修补术同样适用于伴有全腹膜炎的嵌顿性腹股沟斜疝.     

利用TRS建立生物医学开放存取全文期刊资源导航库

结合大连医科大学图书馆的生物医学开放存取（Open Access，OA）全文期刊资源导航库建设实践，侧重OA全文期刊资源整合，论述了应用TRS系统建立数据库的具体步骤，包括网上生物医学OA全文期刊资源的获取、建立TRS数据库、数据库在因特网的发布、数据库的维护更新等几个方面。最后提出OA全文期刊资源数据库发展前景。     

腹腔镜与开放手术行肾囊肿去顶术的效果比较

目的评价腹腔镜与开放性手术行肾囊肿去顶术的临床价值,并探讨经腹腔及后腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术的适应证及疗效。方法采用经腹腔及后腹腔腹腔镜行肾囊肿去顶术23例,其中经腹腔路径8例,腹膜后路径15例,并回顾分析比较30例开放性肾囊肿去顶术。结合两组临床资料、手术时间、术中出血量、术后止痛剂的使用、住院时间等进行比较。结果腹腔镜组手术时间45～120分钟,平均66分钟,其中经腹腔路径平均55分钟,腹膜后路径平均70分钟。术后恢复快,无1例发生并发症。与开放手术比较,腹腔镜手术的手术时间、术后并发症以及术后住院天数均明显减少。结论腹腔镜肾囊肿去顶术治疗单纯性肾囊肿的疗效明显优于传统开放性手术,甚至可取代开放性手术。