Variables associated with subjective cognitive change among Iraq and Afghanistan war Veterans with blast-related mild traumatic brain injury

Introduction: This study investigated variables associated with subjective decline in executive function among Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn (OEF/OIF/OND) following a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Method: Fifty-six male U.S. Veterans (M_Age = 35.3 ± 8.8 years) with a history of blast-related mTBI (6.6 ± 3.2 years post injury) completed a battery of self-report questionnaires and neuropsychological measures. Participants rated current and retrospectively estimated pre-mTBI executive function difficulties on the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe). A difference score (post- minus pre-mTBI ratings) was the dependent variable (?FrSBe). Linear regression models examined variables predicting ?FrSBe, including: pre-injury characteristics (education, premorbid intelligence), injury-related characteristics (number of blast exposures, losses of consciousness), post-injury clinical symptoms (PTSD Checklist–Military version; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), and post-injury neuropsychological performances on executive function measures (Trail Making Test Part B; Controlled Oral Word Association Test; Auditory Consonant Trigrams; Wisconsin Card Sorting Test).

Results: While 11% of participants had a clinically elevated pre-injury FrSBe total score, 82% had a clinically elevated post-injury FrSBe total score. Only self-reported PTSD symptom severity independently predicted perceived change in executive function.

Conclusions: Many OEF/OIF/OND Veterans with a history of blast-related mTBI experience subjective decline in executive function following injury. Perceived executive function decline was associated with higher PTSD symptom severity, aligning with previous research associating PTSD with cognitive complaints. Results did not support a correspondence between perceived cognitive change and neuropsychological performances.     

重型/危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎机械通气患者的肺康复策略

结合国内外中西医肺康复的研究成果,探讨重型/危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎机械通气患者的肺康复策略。机械通气是治疗重型/危重型肺炎必不可少的支持手段,但可能引起呼吸肌无力,导致痰液排泄障碍,进而影响预后。对于重型/危重型新型冠状病毒肺炎机械通气患者而言,及早采取必要的中西医肺康复干预措施意义重大,不仅有助于缓解呼吸困难症状,而且可缩短住院时间、改善预后。     

化瘀解毒汤对脓毒血症APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分及外周血树突状细胞表面物质表达水平的影响

目的探讨化瘀解毒汤对脓毒血症患者APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分及外周血树突状细胞表面物质表达水平的影响。方法将66例脓毒症患者随机分为对照组和化瘀解毒组,每组33例。对照组给予抗感染、补充血容量、积极治疗原发疾病、吸氧等综合治疗,化瘀解毒组在上述基础上加用化瘀解毒汤治疗,每日1剂,持续治疗2周。检测血清炎症因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)]水平变化,应用急性生理与慢性健康状况评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)、DIC评分评估脓毒症患者病情严重程度,应用流式细胞仪分析树突状细胞相关表面分子CD80、CD83、CD86表达情况,比较临床疗效。结果与治疗前比较,两组血清IL-6、TNF-α、PCT水平均降低(P<0.01),APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分均降低(P<0.01),CD80、CD86水平均降低(P<0.01),CD83水平无差异(P>0.05);与对照组比较,化瘀解毒组血清IL-6、TNF-α、PCT水平均较低(P<0.01),APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分均较低(P<0.01),CD80、CD86水平均较低(P<0.01),总有效率较高(P<0.01)。结论化瘀解毒汤辅助治疗脓毒血症疗效显著,可有效降低APACHEⅡ评分、ISTH DIC评分,可能与调节外周血树突状细胞表面物质表达有关。     

腮腺切除术中沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经的效果及安全性

目的探讨腮腺切除术中应用沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经的治疗效果及安全性。方法选取我院2016年2月至2019年3月收治的60例择期行腮腺切除术的患者,随机分为观察组与对照组各30例。对照组沿面神经总干逆行解剖面神经,观察组沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经,观察两组患者术后1个月面神经功能及术后并发症发生情况。结果术后1个月,两组患者的面神经功能分级比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);观察组的术后并发症发生率为10.00%,明显低于对照组的33.33%(P <0.05)。结论临床行腮腺切除术中,沿面神经总干顺行解剖面神经可降低术后并发症发生率,值得推广。     

Multimorbidity and functional impairment–bidirectional interplay,synergistic effects and common pathways

This review discusses the interplay between multimorbidity (i.e. co‐occurrence of more than one chronic health condition in an individual) and functional impairment (i.e. limitations in mobility, strength or cognition that may eventually hamper a person's ability to perform everyday tasks). On the one hand, diseases belonging to common patterns of multimorbidity may interact, curtailing compensatory mechanisms and resulting in physical and cognitive decline. On the other hand, physical and cognitive impairment impact the severity and burden of multimorbidity, contributing to the establishment of a vicious circle. The circle may be further exacerbated by people's reduced ability to cope with treatment and care burden and physicians’ fragmented view of health problems, which cause suboptimal use of health services and reduced quality of life and survival. Thus, the synergistic effects of medical diagnoses and functional status in adults, particularly older adults, emerge as central to assessing their health and care needs. Furthermore, common pathways seem to underlie multimorbidity, functional impairment and their interplay. For example, older age, obesity, involuntary weight loss and sedentarism can accelerate damage accumulation in organs and physiological systems by fostering inflammatory status. Inappropriate use or overuse of specific medications and drug–drug and drug–disease interactions also contribute to the bidirectional association between multimorbidity and functional impairment. Additionally, psychosocial factors such as low socioeconomic status and the direct or indirect effects of negative life events, weak social networks and an external locus of control may underlie the complex interactions between multimorbidity, functional decline and negative outcomes. Identifying modifiable risk factors and pathways common to multimorbidity and functional impairment could aid in the design of interventions to delay, prevent or alleviate age‐related health deterioration; this review provides an overview of knowledge gaps and future directions.     

通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀及氯吡格雷治疗冠心病心绞痛临床研究

目的:观察通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀、氯吡格雷治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效。方法:选取84例冠心病心绞痛患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,对照组40例给予阿托伐他汀联合氯吡格雷治疗,观察组44例在对照组基础上给予通心络胶囊治疗,3个月后比较2组临床疗效。结果:观察组总有效率(93.18%)显著高于对照组(70.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组心绞痛的持续时间、心绞痛发作次数、心功能指标、血管内皮功能指标比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组心绞痛持续时间、心绞痛发作次数较治疗前明显降低,观察组心绞痛持续时间、心绞痛发作次数显著低于对照组(P<0.05);2组心功能指标包括心输出量(CO)、心博出量(SV)、心脏指数(CI)及射血分数(EF)均较治疗前明显上升,且观察组各项心功能指标明显高于对照组(P<0.05);2组内皮功能指标内皮素(ET)、血栓素B2(TXB2)水平较治疗前明显降低,一氧化氮(NO)水平较治疗前明显上升(P<0.05),观察组ET、TXB2水平明显低于对照组,NO水平明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对冠心病心绞痛患者给予通心络胶囊联合阿托伐他汀、氯吡格雷治疗疗效显著,可有效降低心绞痛持续时间和发作次数,改善患者心功能和内皮功能,值得临床推广应用。     

健脾疏肝降脂方干预非酒精性脂肪肝病肥胖小鼠肝功能、游离脂肪酸机制探讨

目的:观察健脾疏肝降脂方治疗非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)肥胖小鼠ALT、AST、FFA及光镜下病理组织学改变,并与壳脂胶囊治疗组比较,观察其疗效。方法:将72只小鼠随机分为模型组、健脾疏肝降脂方高、中、低剂量组、壳脂胶囊对照组和空白组。采用饲养高脂饲料及皮下注射5%CCl₄复制NAFLD肥胖小鼠模型,分别以相应药物灌胃6周,检测血清中ALT、AST及FFA的含量,光镜下观察肝组织的脂肪变程度。结果:①各个用药组相比模型组,血清ALT、AST均降低有统计学意义(P<0.01),且中药各浓度组较壳脂胶囊组血清ALT、AST降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); 中药高、中剂量组相比模型组FFA降低,比较有统计学意义(P<0.05); 但与壳脂胶囊组相比,中药各剂量组改善FFA,差异无明显统计学意义(P>0.05)。②光镜可见:各用药组光镜下病理组织改变均较模型组明显,以中、高剂量组较低剂量组小鼠肝细胞脂肪变程度减轻较明显。结论:健脾疏肝降脂方能有效降低NAFLD肥胖小鼠的肝功能、其与浓度无关; 可以降低FFA及改善光镜下肝脏的脂肪变,其有效程度与浓度有一定的关系。     

血抗栓汤内服联合西医治疗急性脑梗死疗效分析

目的观察活血抗栓汤联合奥扎格雷钠治疗急性脑梗死疗效。方法将80患者按抽签法分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组奥扎格雷钠氯化钠注射液,500 mL/次,2次/d,静滴,治疗2周。治疗组在对照组基础上加用活血抗栓汤,水煎200 mL,1剂/d,2次/d,治疗2周。观测临床症状、神经功能、日常生活能力、凝血功能。结果治疗后,观察组红细胞聚集指数、血细胞容积、纤维蛋白原、全血高切黏度、血浆比黏度改善程度高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组ADL评分、NIHSS评分比较,无显著差异(P>0.05),治疗后,观察组NIHSS评分低于对照组,ADL评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论血抗栓汤内服联合西医治疗急性脑梗死,可改善凝血功,值得推广。