建立下肢形态学数据库为匹配术后即装假肢提供参考

文题释义： 术后假肢：现代截肢康复的方法包括手术后安装临时假体，即在完成截肢手术后，医生为患者佩戴合适的临时假体。 大腿影像数据：研究采集的大腿数据包括膝上缘周径、膝上缘5 cm处周径、膝上缘10 cm处周径和膝上缘15 cm处周径，将大腿MRI数据导入3D重建软件，得到大腿截肢范围段表面积、体积。 大腿截肢范围段：为膝关节间隙上10-25 cm。 背景：目前假肢的制作是通过取型、修型、成型3个步骤完成的，由于修型过程是人工完成，与临床技师的经验技术密切相关，制作出来的假肢不美观，接受腔与残肢很难做到全接触。 目的：收集健康志愿者大腿MRI影像数据，评估成人大腿截肢范围段(膝关节间隙上10-25 cm)的对称性；将MRI影像数据建立成数据库，为下肢截肢患者匹配合适的术后即装假肢提供参考数据。 方法：招募40名健康志愿者，采集基本信息：年龄、身高、体质量、膝上缘周径、膝上缘5 cm处周径、膝上缘10 cm处周径和膝上缘15 cm处周径。所有志愿者对试验方案均知情同意，且得到医院伦理委员会批准。对大腿截肢范围进行三维重建，以模型的表面积、体积为参数，对每一例志愿者大腿进行解剖测量，利用三维逆向工程软件对测量结果进行3D偏差分析，完成大腿形态对称性的定量化和可视化分析。 结果与结论：①同体分析：同一个体左右大腿截肢范围段表面积之间的最大百分差异比不超过0.56%(P=0.109)；左右大腿截肢范围段体积之间最大百分差异比不超过1.19%(P=0.182)；三维偏差分析结果显示，最大平均负偏差为-1.47 mm，最大平均正偏差为1.14 mm。40例受试者的3D偏差分布78.02%在2 mm以内，20.97%在2.1-3.0 mm，仅1.01%大于3 mm。②异体分析：三维偏差分析结果显示，最大平均负偏差为-1.97 mm，而最大平均正偏差为1.89 mm。③提示成人双侧大腿截肢范围具有高度的解剖学对称性；当2名成人的膝上缘周径、膝上缘5 cm处周径、膝上缘10 cm周径和膝上缘15 cm处周径分别都相差在2 cm以内时，则认为这2名成人双侧大腿截肢范围段表面轮廓具有高度相似性，与性别、身高和体质量无关。 ORCID: 0000-0001-6838-3042(伍笑棋) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程     

基于中心复合序贯设计法丹参川芎嗪注射液水沉工艺优化

目的基于质量源于设计(QbD)理念和序贯设计法优化丹参川芎嗪注射液前处理过程中的水沉工艺。方法研究联用了鱼刺图法及基于全局式序贯设计的中心复合实验法作为优化方法,在基础实验设计中关键参数维度的轴向方向增加实验点,再进行新的多元线性回归拟合,最终得到了水沉工艺的设计空间并对其进行了验证,同时给出了较为稳健且全面的操作空间。结果根据设计空间,推荐操作空间为水沉体系pH值为3.1～3.4时,加水倍量3.25～5.00,静置时间为7～17 h,静置温度为7℃。结论首次在中药制药过程工艺优化中引入序贯设计法。相较于样本量巨大的均匀空间网格设计、正交设计等实验设计方法而言,序贯设计在实现与前者同样的样本对可行域覆盖程度的基础上,能够有效降低工艺优化实验的工作量,避免样本与人力物力的浪费,同时保证较高的模型预测性能。     

A Conceptual Framework for Life-Cycle Health Technology Assessment

ObjectivesHealth technology assessment (HTA) uses evidence appraisal and synthesis with economic evaluation to inform adoption decisions. Standard HTA processes sometimes struggle to (1) support decisions that involve significant uncertainty and (2) encourage continued generation of and adaptation to new evidence. We propose the life-cycle (LC)-HTA framework, addressing these challenges by providing additional tools to decision makers and improving outcomes for all stakeholders.MethodsUnder the LC-HTA framework, HTA processes align to LC management. LC-HTA introduces changes in HTA methods to minimize analytic time while optimizing decision certainty. Where decision uncertainty exists, we recommend risk-based pricing and research-oriented managed access (ROMA). Contractual procurement agreements define the terms of reassessment and provide additional decision options to HTA agencies. LC-HTA extends value-of-information methods to inform ROMA agreements, leveraging routine, administrative data, and registries to reduce uncertainty.ResultsLC-HTA enables the adoption of high-value high-risk innovations while improving health system sustainability through risk-sharing and reducing uncertainty. Responsiveness to evolving evidence is improved through contractually embedded decision rules to simplify reassessment. ROMA allows conditional adoption to obtain additional information, with confidence that the net value of that adoption decision is positive.ConclusionsThe LC-HTA framework improves outcomes for patients, sponsors, and payers. Patients benefit through earlier access to new technologies. Payers increase the value of the technologies they invest in and gain mechanisms to review investments. Sponsors benefit through greater certainty in outcomes related to their investment, swifter access to markets, and greater opportunities to demonstrate value.     

Prognosis and complications of mature teeth after lateral luxation: A systematic review

BackgroundDental trauma injuries are frequent in children and adolescents and can result in a sequela of future complications. Lateral luxation injuries are diagnosed when a tooth becomes displaced in a position other than axial and is often associated with alveolar bone fracture. Although the tooth is not immediately lost, pulp canal obliteration or pulpal necrosis can occur. The objective of this systematic review was to gather existing data on lateral luxation injuries to mature teeth to evaluate their overall prognosis and reported complications.Types of Studies ReviewedThe authors conducted a systematic search of the literature using MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases in February 2019. They hand searched reference lists to identify additional literature. The authors included prospective and retrospective observational studies in the search. They screened a total of 291 articles, downloaded 28 articles, and included 4 articles in the study.ResultsThe most frequent complication reported for mature teeth with lateral luxation was pulpal necrosis (44.2%). Less frequent findings included surface resorption (14.0%), inflammatory resorption (8.5%), pulp canal obliteration (8.1%), and replacement resorption (0.9%). The included studies were cohort studies, which resulted in great heterogeneity, and the authors could not attempt a meta-analysis.Conclusions and Practical ImplicationsA large number of permanent teeth that experience lateral luxation are at risk of developing pulpal necrosis and other complications. Careful follow-up is required for these patients to treat complications as early as possible. Furthermore, the authors of this systematic review emphasize the importance of consistent reporting of dental trauma outcomes.     

BOPPPS教学模型在推拿学教学中的实践和探索——以[扌衮]法实训为例

BOPPPS教学模型是以建构主义和交际法为理论依据的教学设计模型,学生积极的参与式互动和教师的及时评价反馈,促成高效的课程教学。本次研究以推拿学中的代表性手法——[扌衮]法实训教学为例,探讨BOPPPS教学模型在推拿学课程的有效构建,使学生能更好地掌握[扌衮]法的理论和实践操作,进一步优化推拿学的教学设计。     

The predictors and economic burden of early-, mid- and late-onset cardiac implantable electronic device infections: a retrospective cohort study in Ontario,Canada

The rate of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is increasing with time. We sought to determine the predictors, relative mortality, and cost burden of early-, mid- and late-onset CIED infections. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all CIED implantations in Ontario, Canada between April 2013 and March 2016. The procedures and infections were identified in validated, population-wide health-care databases. Infection onset was categorized as early (0–30 days), mid (31–182 days) and late (183–365 days). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the mortality impact of CIED infections, with infection modelled as a time-varying covariate. A generalized linear model with a log-link and γ distribution was used to compare health-care system costs by infection status. Among 17 584 patients undergoing CIED implantation, 215 (1.2%) developed an infection, including 88 early, 85 mid, and 42 late infections. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of death was higher for patients with early (aHR 2.9, 95% CI 1.7–4.9), mid (aHR 3.3, 95% CI 1.9–5.7) and late (aHR 19.9, 95% CI 9.9–40.2) infections. Total mean 1-year health costs were highest for late-onset (mean Can$113 778), followed by mid-onset (mean Can$85 302), and then early-onset (Can$75 415) infections; costs for uninfected patients were Can$25 631. After accounting for patient and procedure characteristics, there was a significant increase in costs associated with early- (rate ratio (RR) 3.1, 95% CI 2.3–4.1), mid- (RR 2.8, 95% CI 2.4–3.3) and late- (RR 4.7, 95% CI 3.6–6.2) onset infections. In summary, CIED infections carry a tremendous clinical and economic burden, and this burden is disproportionately high for late-onset infections.     

我国Medical Mall空间设计初探

概述了Medical Mall的概念、模式及推动因素,从地理位置、建筑形态、业态分布和"医疗+商业"融合方面对其进行了总结。并围绕功能流线和个性化医疗空间两个方面对Medical Mall的空间设计特点进行分析,旨在为我国Medical Mall的建设与发展提供参考。     

升髓合剂防治化疗后骨髓抑制的临床研究

目的:观察患者临床症状、客观检测指标及用药期间是否出现不良反应等,评价升髓合剂对多西他赛联合顺铂方案(Docetaxel Combined with Cis-platinum,DP)化疗所致骨髓抑制的有效性及安全性。方法:将50例符合标准的恶性肿瘤患者随机分为两组,治疗组和对照组各25例。对照组:DP方案化疗同时加服地榆升白片,治疗组:在DP方案化疗基础上加用升髓合剂。2个周期后观察患者化疗后第3、7、14 d外周血细胞变化及骨髓抑制情况,化疗后中医临床症状评分及疗效以及体力状况评分(Karnofsky,KPS)、体质量变化及其不良反应。结果:①两组化疗完成率观察组明显高于对照组(P<0.05);②观察组血常规中白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板计数治疗后1周与治疗前比较无统计学意义,(P>0.05),而对照组白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板计数下降显著,与治疗前差异有统计学意义,(P<0.05);两组相比,化疗后1周观察组血常规白细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板水平明显高于对照组,差距有统计学意义(P<0.05);③化疗后2周观察组白细胞计数升高明显高于对照组,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05);④化疗后中医证候改善方面,观察组症状改善显著(P<0.05)。对照组症状上改善不明显(P>0.05),两组在总体症状改善率方面相比较有显著性差异,治疗组明显优于对照组(P<0.05);⑤治疗组KPS评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05);⑥治疗组不良反应的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:升髓合剂对于多西他赛联合顺铂化疗方案引起的骨髓抑制等不良反应具有防治作用。     

基于文献的失眠症中医证候和证素分布规律研究

目的基于文献研究,探讨失眠症的中医证候要素分布规律。方法通过检索中国知网数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库、维普全文期刊数据库2009年1月至2018年12月中医药期刊文献所报道的治疗失眠症相关文献,收集统计失眠症中医证候并提取证素信息,利用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计描述分析。结果(1)共检出文献653篇,符合要求317篇,整理后规范证名得到44种中医证候,其中以心脾两虚证、痰热内扰证、肝郁化火证、阴虚火旺证、心肾不交证等频次较高。(2)证素组合规律中以两证素、三证素、四证素组合为主。(3)在单一病性证素中以热(火)、气虚、血虚、阴虚等频次较高;病位证素以肝、心、脾、肾等频次较高。(4)在证素组合时以热(火)+肝、气虚+血虚+心+脾、热(火)+痰、热(火)+阴虚等频次较高。结论失眠症的主要病理因素以热(火)、气虚、血虚、阴虚为主,病位主要以肝、心、脾、肾为主。     

中药抗非小细胞肺癌作用机制研究进展

肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因,每年约有160万人死于肺癌。在我国,肺癌的发病率与死亡率居首位,每年约有78万人罹患肺癌,5年生存率低于20%,且85%肺癌患者为非小细胞肺癌,70%患者发现时已是癌症晚期或肿瘤已发生转移。肺癌的治疗方法有手术切除、放疗、化疗、靶向治疗、免疫治疗,然而这些方法均具有一定局限性且毒副作用较大、价格昂贵,因此寻找价格适宜、疗效可靠的药物是当务之急。中药是我国的瑰宝,有5 000余年实践经验,古籍中就有治息贲、肺积的记载,现代研究证明其具有多靶点、毒副作用小、来源广泛、效果可靠等优点,且多作为肺癌的辅助治疗方式,研究中药抗肺癌明确机制同样亟待解决。中药抗非小细胞肺癌研究主要以中药有效成分为"起点",疗效为"终点",探究"过程"——作用机制。目前,中药抗非小细胞肺癌作用机制包括诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、自噬,抑制肿瘤细胞生长、增殖、转移、侵袭等,且已上升到分子、基因水平。该文从上述作用机制着手,以作用靶点及通路为目标,总结近年来中药抗非小细胞肺癌研究相关文献,并在前人研究基础上,对研究中所涉及中药进行了性味归经整理,以期为学者研究抗肺癌中药机制及临床应用提供思路,为肺癌与中药性味归经相关性研究提供参考。