A New Serum Tumor Marker, CAM 123-6, Highly Specific to Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma

KL-6, a circulating mucin-like glycoprotein, is a pulmonary adenocarcinoma-associated antigen and is also regarded as an indicator of disease activity of interstitial pneumonitis. KL-6 has extensive heterogeneous antigenic determinants and consists of multiple heterogeneous antigen molecules. We have searched for circulating KL-6-associated glycoproteins with superior diagnostic value to KL-6 as a tumor marker for pulmonary adenocarcinoma. A new murine monoclonal antibody EH-123 reacting with an asialosugar chain on KL-6 was established. A new KL-6-associated molecule detected by a bimonoclonal bideterminant sandwich assay using the EH-123 antibody as a catcher and horseradish peroxidase-labeled KL-6 as a tracer was designated as CAM 123-6. In 59% (22 of 37) of patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma, serum levels of CAM 123-6 were abnormally elevated and the positive rate increased with the progression of clinical stage. Elevated levels were not detected in normal individuals or in patients with benign lung diseases, other histologic types of lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer or breast cancer. CAM 123-6 was more specific to pulmonary adenocarcinoma than carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), but the sensitivity of CAM 123-6 for pulmonary adenocarcinoma was similar to that of CEA. CAM 123-6 is a promising candidate as a serum tumor marker for pulmonary adenocarcinoma.     

白色念珠菌感染的分子生物学诊断研究进展

综述了白色念珠菌感染的分子生物学诊断研究进展，包括核型分析，限制性片段长度多态性分析，特异的ＤＮＡ探针及ＰＣＲ等方法。     

癌胚抗原的测定及意义

癌胚抗原（ｃａｒｃｉｎｏｅｍｂｒｙｏｎｉｃａｎｔｉｇｅｎ，ＣＥＡ）作为肿瘤标志物之一，近年在肿瘤，特别是恶性肿瘤的诊断、监测和判断预后等方面得到了广泛地应用，是较灵敏和可靠的指标．本文就ＣＥＡ的测定、意义及不同标本测定的差别等作一综述     

Effect of antispermatogenic compound CDRI-84/35 on marker enzymes of rat testis cells : A study on site of action

Marker enzymes of Sertoli and germ cells were estimated to study the mechanism of action of antispermatogenic compound CDRI 84/35 in adult male rat testis. Animals were killed after 22, 41, and 64 days of treatment with antispermatogenic dose of CDRI 84/35 in order to evaluate the effect of the compound on spermatid, spermatocyte, and spermatogonial stages, respectively. Studies were also extended to a recovery period of 90 days. Results indicate a direction action of the compound on germ cells, with no apparent effect on Sertoli cells. Studies also show a massive depletion of postmeiotic germ cells after the treatment, with some damage to premeiotic germ cells as well. Reversibility of the compound was partial, with the marker enzymes of pre- and postmeiotic germ cells not being restored to control levels after withdrawal of treatment.     

东方人苯丙酮尿症的分子遗传学—苯丙氨酸羟化酶基因中一终止突变与单体型4的连锁不平衡性

应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法扩增苯丙氨酸羟化酶(PAH)基因的每个外显子及其侧翼的内含子,并克隆到M 13载体中进行序列分析。发现中国人苯丙酮尿症(Phenylketonuria,PKU)患者的PAH基因外显子3中有1个Arg~(111)→Ter~(111)的点突变,此突变与东方人最常见的突变单体型4呈连锁不平衡。此突变占中国人PAH等位基因的10％左右,但不存在于高加索人群中,表明在种族分化过程中PAH基因位点发生了互不相关的突变事件。     

消化系疾患的血清氨基酸检测

本文报告50名正常人及73例消化系疾病患者血清游离氨基酸检测结果。使用氨基酸自动分析仪,对血中40余种氨基酸组分进行定性定量测定。肝硬化病人芳香氨基酸显著升高,支/芳分子比值明显低于正常值(P<0.01),甲硫氨酸、色氨酸均升高.肝脓疡.消化道肿瘤患者也有此种变化(P<0.05)。统计21种组分中,各病理组有10多种组分有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。结果提示:血液氨基酸测定可为某些消化系疾患,尤其是肝病的诊治提供较好指标。本文改进自动分析条件,节省时间。节约试剂。     

Toll样受体2胞外域及其氨基端和羧基端片段的克隆与序列分析

目的：为研究TLR2胞外域在肽聚糖诱导的信号转导中的功能，构建TLR2胞外域及其氨基端和羧基端片段真核表达载体。方法：提取HL－60细胞总RNA，以RT－PCR方法获取了TLR2胞外域cDNA片段，将其与pGEM-T Easy载体连接，转化E.coli JM109,建立了TLR2胞外域的cDNA克隆；籍此，又相继克隆了胞外域的氨基端和羧基端片段，然后将这三个片段克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3中。结果：序列分析表明，与GenBank中的人TLR2全长cDNA序列比较，仅4个碱基不同，同源性为0．998。结论：成功获得了HL－60细胞TLR2胞外域及其氨基端和羧基端片段的克隆。     

The phylogeny of howler monkeys (Alouatta, Platyrrhini): Reconstruction by multicolor cross-species chromosome painting

We performed multidirectional chromosome painting in a comparative cytogenetic study of the three howler monkey species Alouatta fusca, A. caraya and A. seniculus macconnelli (Atelinae, Platyrrhini) in order to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within this genus. Comparative genome maps between these species were established by multicolor fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) employing human, Saguinus oedipus and Lagothrix lagothricha chromosome-specific probes. The three species included in this study and previously analyzed howler monkey species were subjected to a phylogenetic analysis on the basis of a data matrix comprised of 98 discrete molecular cytogenetic characters. The results revealed that howler monkeys represent the genus with the most extensive karyotype diversity within Platyrrhini so far analyzed with high levels of intraspecific chromosomal variability. Two different multiple sex chromosome systems were identified. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that Alouatta is a monophyletic clade which can be derived from a proposed ancestral Atelinae karyotype of 2n=62 chromosomes by a chromosome fusion, a fission, a Y-autosomal translocation and a pericentric inversion. Following these suggestions, the genus Alouatta can be divided into two distinct species groups: the first includes A. caraya and A. belzebul, the second A. s. macconnelli, A. sara, A. s. arctoidea and A. fusca.     

镉对大鼠肾脏和睾丸毒性的比较

大鼠饮水中给镉12wk后,检测了尿低分子蛋白(LMWP)排出量。尿碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,血清睾酮水平,睾丸乳酸脱氢酶同功酶(LDH-X)活性,精子计数和形态,雄鼠生育力,肾,睾丸和附睾组织镉含量,并在光镜和电镜下观察上述组织的病理变化,从生化,形态和功能改变三方面比较了大鼠肾脏和睾丸对镉的敏感性,发现尿LMWP和ALP仅在高剂量组显著增加,而血清睾酮和睾丸LDH-X在中剂量纽和低剂量纽已明显降低,说明镉对睾丸的有害作用可出现在肾脏之前。     

Expression of CD44V2 in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder and in urine

CD44 is the principal cell surface receptor for hyaluronate. Variant forms of the receptor, produced by alternative splicing, have been found to be associated with tumor progression in a variety of cancers. Based on investigations at the RNA level, it has recently been proposed that expression of CD44 variant V2 was present in urothelial cancer but not in normal urothelium. Since a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer would be extremely useful, frozen sections of normal urothelium and urothelial cancer were examined for expression of standard CD44 and CD44V2. Frozen sections of specimens of 35 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 16 specimens of normal bladder and 5 ureters were examined. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a polyclonal antibody to CD44V2 (PAB CD44V2), a monoclonal antibody to CD44V2 (MAB CD44V2) and a monoclonal antibody to CD44S (MAB CD44S). CD44V2 and CD44S were also measured in lysates of urine sediments from 21 patients by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). All investigated transitional cell carcinomas expressed CD44V2. There was no differentiation between invasive and noninvasive carcinoma. CD44V2 was also expressed in normal urothelium. Standard CD44 was expressed by the transitional cell carcinoma, normal urothelium, musculature and interstitial tissue. The amount of CD44V2 and CD44S in lysates of urine sediments is not correlated to diagnosis. In contrast to investigations at the RNA level, CD44V2 on the protein level seems not to be a distinctive marker for urothelial cancer. Therefore, CD44V2 will not be a useful diagnostic marker for detection of transitional cell carcinoma.