PA型紫苏的种植密度研究

常用中药紫苏叶和紫苏叶油的基原植物应为PA型紫苏。课题组对全国紫苏资源全面调查后发现,PA型紫苏资源十分紧缺。而PA型栽培紫苏都属株型矮小、叶片轻薄的回回苏变种,单株叶片产量较低。该研究以2份药用PA型紫苏为材料,在5个种植密度(D1,2 500株/亩;D2,5 500株/亩;D3,8 500株/亩;D4,11 500株/亩;D5,14 500株/亩,1亩≈667 m^2)下种植。选取叶型、株型、产量、挥发油含量和挥发油成分构成等17个性状记录和研究。结果表明,随密度增加,叶型、株型变窄、变小,落叶增加,单株叶产量降低,而叶亩产量增加,且达到D4后基本稳定。叶挥发油提取率在种植密度D2~D5较D1高约0.1%,各个密度下紫苏醛相对含量无显著差异。各个密度下紫苏醛相对含量无显著差异。2份PA种质的耐密植特性有较大差异,与其株型的特征有关,尤其收敛型株型更能适应密植环境。为达到高叶亩产量,推荐以D4(株行距15 cm×40 cm)密度下种植;而综合叶产量、叶型、株型,推荐以D2(株行距30 cm×40 cm)密度下种植。落叶节数、二级分枝数,株型可作为PA型紫苏种质耐密性评价的特征,收敛株型可作为紫苏种质高产育种的评价指标。该研究为PA型紫苏适宜种植的密度提供参考,并为进一步研究不同紫苏的耐密植特性奠定基础。     

Live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccines: Current status and future direction

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) was reported in the late 1980s. PRRS still is a huge economic concern to the global pig industry with a current annual loss estimated at one billion US dollars in North America alone. It has been 20 years since the first modified live-attenuated PRRSV vaccine (PRRSV-MLV) became commercially available. PRRSV-MLVs provide homologous protection and help in reducing shedding of heterologous viruses, but they do not completely protect pigs against heterologous field strains. There have been many advances in understanding the biology and ecology of PRRSV; however, the complexities of virus-host interaction and PRRSV vaccinology are not yet completely understood leaving a significant gap for improving breadth of immunity against diverse PRRS isolates. This review provides insights on immunization efforts using infectious PRRSV-based vaccines since the 1990s, beginning with live PRRSV immunization, development and commercialization of PRRSV-MLV, and strategies to overcome the deficiencies of PRRSV-MLV through use of replicating viral vectors expressing multiple PRRSV membrane proteins. Finally, powerful reverse genetics systems (infectious cDNA clones) generated from more than 20 PRRSV isolates of both genotypes 1 and 2 viruses have provided a great resource for exploring many innovative strategies to improve the safety and cross-protective efficacy of live PRRSV vaccines. Examples include vaccines with diminished ability to down-regulate the immune system, positive and negative marker vaccines, multivalent vaccines incorporating antigens from other porcine pathogens, vaccines that carry their own cytokine adjuvants, and chimeric vaccine viruses with the potential for broad cross-protection against heterologous strains. To combat this devastating pig disease in the future, evaluation and commercialization of such improved live PRRSV vaccines is a shared goal among PRRSV researchers, pork producers and biologics companies.     

地塞米松脂质体的制备及其对乳腺癌作用的体内外研究

目的制备地塞米松脂质体,探讨地塞米松对乳腺癌4T1细胞的生长抑制作用及对荷瘤鼠的抗肿瘤药效。方法采用薄膜分散–超声法,以粒径和多分散指数(PDI)为指标进行单因素实验考察了大豆磷脂(SPC)与甲氧基聚乙二醇磷脂(DSPE-mPEG2000)的质量比、SPC与地塞米松的质量比、超声时间对地塞米松脂质体粒径的影响从而筛选得到最佳处方和最佳工艺条件。采用MTT法比较地塞米松注射液和地塞米松脂质体对4T1细胞的作用。建立4T1 BAL B/c荷瘤小鼠模型,研究地塞米松脂质体对4T1荷瘤小鼠的体内抗肿瘤作用。结果当SPC与DSPE-mPEG2000质量比为5∶1、SPC与地塞米松质量比为50∶3、超声时间为20 min时制备得到的脂质体粒径最小,粒径分布最窄,室温放置15 d稳定,于生理介质中稳定。MTT测定结果显示地塞米松注射液和脂质体对4T1细胞生长抑制作用均较弱,但在4T1荷瘤鼠的体内实验中,在5mg/kg的给药剂量下,地塞米松脂质体的抑瘤率却高达78.9%,显著高于地塞米松注射液(33.4%,P<0.05)和8mg/kg紫杉醇注射液(55%,P<0.05)。结论制备的地塞米松脂质体放置于生理介质中均能稳定存在,能口服能静脉给药。地塞米松脂质体对4T1荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长有较强的抑制作用,但体外对4T1细胞抑制抑制作用并不强,推测地塞米松脂质体是通过调节肿瘤微环境来抑制肿瘤生长。     

安神补脑液对大鼠长期毒性的观察

目的 观察安神补脑液长期灌胃给药对大鼠所产生的毒性反应及严重程度, 提供毒副反应的靶器官及其损害的可逆程度, 确定无毒反应剂量, 以评价安神补脑液长期用药的安全性, 为拟定临床试验剂量及观察指标提供参考。方法 Wistar大鼠随机分为安神补脑液低、中、高剂量组(2.5、5、10 mL/kg)和溶剂对照组(灌服同容积蒸馏水 2 mL/100 g), 每组60只, 雌雄各半, 每天给药1 次, 每周给药6 d, 连续26周。观察大鼠的外观行为、体重、摄食量, 并分别于给药第13、26周末及四周恢复期结束进行血液学及血液生化学等各项指标检测及脏器系数、病理组织学检查。结果 长期连续灌胃给予安神补脑液, 对动物一般状态、行为活动和外观体征无明显不良影响;各剂量组的摄食量、体重、血液学及血液生化学指标与对照组比较无明显差别;给药3个月、6个月对动物各脏器组织位置、重量和脏器系数无不良影响, 但部分脏器重量有所增加, 各组动物脏器系数在正常范围内;病理结果显示对照组和安神补脑液高剂量组动物未见明显与给药相关的异常病理改变和毒性改变, 恢复期停药后未见延迟性毒性, 因此, 中、低剂量组动物各脏器组织无需进行组织病理形态学检查。结论 安神补脑液长期用药对大鼠未见明确的毒性反应, 停药后亦无延迟性毒性反应, 预期拟定的临床用药量为安全剂量。     

三七素的药理作用研究进展

三七素是一种天然存在的非蛋白氨基酸,主要存在于三七中。三七素具有多种药理作用,文献报道最多的是止血作用。此外,三七素还具有神经保护作用、减轻糖尿病肾病损伤作用、抗炎作用及降血糖等作用。近年来对三七素的相关研究逐渐增多,主要综述三七素的药理作用研究进展,期望为今后三七素的进一步研究和开发利用提供参考。     

C<Subscript>21</Subscript> steroid derivatives from the Dai herbal medicine Dai-Bai-Jie,the dried roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Marsdenia tenacissima</Emphasis>, and their screening for anti-HIV activity

Twenty-three new C₂₁ steroidal glycosides, marstenacissides C1–C10 (1–10), D1–D7 (11–17) and E1–E6 (18–23), and four new C₂₁ steroids, 11α,12β-O-ditigloyl-tenacigenin C (24), 11α-O-benzoyl-12β-O-tigloyl-tenacigenin C (25), 11α-O-tigloyl-12β-O-benzoyl-tenacigenin C (26) and 11α-O-tigloyl-12β-O-benzoyl-marsdenin (27), were isolated from the Dai herbal medicine Dai-Bai-Jie, derived from the roots of Marsdenia tenacissima. The chemical structures of all compounds were established by spectroscopic techniques, including high-resolution mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, as well as by comparison with reported spectral data. The anti-HIV activities of these compounds were screened, and the compounds obtained displayed inhibitory effects against HIV-1 with inhibition rates of 36.4–81.3% at 30 μM.     

毛重楼叶绿体基因组序列特征及其系统发育分析

目的获取毛重楼Parismairei叶绿体基因组信息特征并对其系统位置进行研究。方法采用Illumination测序技术对毛重楼叶绿体基因组进行测序,对其进行组装、注释和特征分析,并构建最大似然(maximumlikelihood,ML)系统发育树。结果毛重楼叶绿体基因组大小为163 918 bp,总GC含量为37.05%,大单拷贝区(large single-copy,LSC)、小单拷贝区(smallsingle-copyregion,SSC)分别为84173、13054bp,反向互补重复区(invertedrepeats,IR)大小为33296bp,共编码113个基因,包括79个蛋白质编码基因,30个t RNA基因和4个r RNA基因。在系统进化树中,重楼属Paris L.与藜芦科(Melanthiaceae Batsch ex Borkh.)关系较近,与百合科(Liliaceae Juss.)关系较远。结论 LSC区和SSC区序列变异高于IR区;相较于重楼属,毛重楼与蚤休组的亲缘关系最近,应将毛重楼归属为蚤休组;相较于百合科,毛重楼与藜芦科藜芦属亲缘关系更近,应将蚤休组从百合科中独立,归属为藜芦科。     

不同来源地骨皮药材中地骨皮甲素和乙素及阿魏酸的含量测定分析

目的测定并比较不同来源地骨皮药材(包括野生、栽培和市售)中地骨皮甲素、乙素和阿魏酸的含量。方法采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器(HPLC-DAD)法测定3种来源的地骨皮药材中地骨皮甲素/乙素和阿魏酸的含量。色谱柱为Synergi 4u Hydro-RP80A柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,4μm);流动相为乙腈-0.5%三氟乙酸水溶液梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,检测波长为278 nm。结果来源于栽培的宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)地骨皮中地骨皮甲素/乙素含量普遍较高,均大于9.090 mg/g;来源于野生的枸杞(Lycium chinense Mill.)地骨皮以产于山西、陕西和宁夏的地骨皮甲素/乙素含量较高,在8.969~15.012 mg/g之间,呈现出一定的规律性;阿魏酸含量最高的4个样品均存在于来源为枸杞(Lycium chinense Mill.)的地骨皮中,其他样品中阿魏酸的含量均为7.459~39.258μg/g,无明显的规律性。结论地骨皮甲素/乙素可作为地骨皮质量控制的特征指标,且含量不应低于1 mg/g,建立的方法准确可靠,且专属性强,可为地骨皮的质量控制及其开发利用提供一定的科学依据。