重组人血小板源性生长因子增加细胞外信号调节激酶磷酸化促进糖尿病大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面愈合

目的 在体观察重组人血小板源性生长因子（recombinant human platelet—derived growth factor，rhPDGF）促进糖尿病大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面修复可能涉及的细胞和分子机制，研究其可能涉及的信号通路。方法 26只糖尿病大鼠，每只动物背部制备4个全层皮肤缺损创面，选取其中52个创面，随机分成3组，即对照组，创面自然愈合；rhPDGF治疗组，创面rhPDGF用量为7．0μg／cm^2；赋形剂组，创面用等量赋形剂凝胶。观察治疗后3、7和14d创面肉芽形成、胶原沉积、再上皮化速率以及炎性细胞浸润情况，并采用免疫荧光和免疫组织化学技术观察创面周围和创面修复细胞内细胞外信号调节激酶1／2（extracellular signal—regulated kinase1／2，ERK1／2）磷酸化和增殖细胞核抗原（proliferative cell nuclear antigen，PCNA）的表达。结果 组织学观察，rhPDGF治疗组创面可见大量炎性细胞浸润，毛细血管胚芽及成纤维细胞明显多于另两组（P〈0．05）；胶原沉积明显，肉芽组织生长活跃，创面收缩显著，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。免疫学研究显示，应用rhPDGF7～14d后，rhPDGF治疗组ERK1／2明显强于对照组和赋形剂组（P〈0．05）；且损伤后3～7d rhPDGF治疗组修复细胞PCNA的表达明显高于对照组和赋形剂组（P〈0．05）。结论 rhPDGF促糖尿病大鼠刨面愈合的作用部分是通过ERK1／2信号通路的磷酸化来完成的。     

术中皮质体感诱发电位与电刺激术定位脑功能区

目的探讨脑功能区手术中利用脑皮质体感诱发电位(SEP)及直接皮质电刺激定位脑功能区的方法及意义。方法对10例脑功能区病变病人在唤醒麻醉下进行手术，利用皮质SEP及皮质直接电刺激定位感觉区、运动区及语占区，住保护脑功能区的前提下，手术切除病变。结果7例病人利用SEP及皮质电刺激确定出运动感觉区，其中4例利用SEP位相倒置确定出中央沟，3例病变位于左侧额颞叶的病人通过皮质直接电刺激确定出语言区?术后功能均较术前明显好转。结论术中SEP及直接皮质电刺激可准确、实时确定脑功能区，最大程度地保护功能，切除病变。     

带血管蒂第二,三掌骨瓣转位修复手舟骨骨折的应用解剖

观察40侧成人手标本,第一掌背动脉是第二掌骨背桡侧的主要血供来源,可分3种类型.可以第二掌背动脉为蒂,第二、三掌骨近端和远端骨瓣转位.修复陈旧性手舟骨骨折。文中讨论了与该术式有关的应用解剖学要点.     

锁定加压钢板与交锁髓内钉固定肱骨投掷骨折的有限元分析

目的通过三维有限元法对锁定加压钢板和交锁髓内钉固定肱骨投掷骨折的生物力学稳定性进行比较,为临床应用提供理论参考。方法分别建立前外侧锁定加压钢板、后侧锁定加压钢板、顺行髓内钉、逆行髓内钉固定肱骨投掷骨折的三维有限元模型。应用有限元分析法在相同的加载和约束条件下模拟轴向压缩、逆时针扭转和三点弯曲三种工况,评价各组内固定最大等效应力、肱骨骨折块及骨折断端最大等效应力。结果 (1)内固定最大等效应力:锁定加压钢板置于前外侧较后侧最大应力值小;逆行较顺行髓内钉在压缩工况最大应力值更大,扭转和弯曲工况较小;(2)骨折块最大综合位移:髓内钉较锁定加压钢板组大,锁定加压钢板置于前外侧较后侧大,顺行髓内钉较逆行髓内钉大;(3)骨折断端最大等效应力:锁定加压钢板较髓内钉组骨折断端最大应力大且应力分布均匀。结论应用锁定加压钢板较髓内钉治疗肱骨投掷骨折更加稳定且应力均匀;锁定加压钢板置于后侧较前外侧更稳定但应力略大;逆行髓内钉稳定性优于顺行髓内钉。     

构建中国人体器官捐献社会宣教系统的策略

背景:分析中国目前人体器官移植所面临的困境及导致器官移植供体短缺的社会影响因素,发现民众对器官移植及捐献流程相关知识普遍缺乏。目的:从器官捐献宣教系统构建的重大意义、现状总结、应遵循的伦理原则以及建议对策等4个方面进行了尝试性探索,为科学地进行器官捐献的宣传教育提供建议与参考。方法:在CNKI和Pub Med通过关键词"器官捐献、器官移植、伦理学原则、宣传教育"查阅相关文献,对来源于核心期刊的文章进行综合分析。以"器官捐献,器官移植,伦理原则,供体短缺,遗体捐献,宣传教育"为中文捡索词,以"organ donation,organ transplantation,shortage of donor,body donation,education system"为英文检索词,检索维普和中国知网(CNKI)期刊全文数据库万方、Pubmed,Medline,2005年1月至2014年11月有关器官捐献报告中主要涉及器官捐献宣传教育及协调员的相关报道。通过对文献归纳,总结分析目前中国器官捐献宣教的现况,提出构建器官捐献宣教系统的对策。结果与结论:详细阐述了器官捐献宣教系统的必要性,系统分析了国内目前器官捐献宣传教育存在的问题及应该遵循的伦理原则,探索了国内器官捐献宣教系统建设应采取的路径和方法。缓解器官移植供体紧张,扩大供体来源,必须要赢得公民的广泛支持与理解,才能保证器官捐献工作的可持续发展。因此构建人体器官捐献社会宣教体系具有重要意义。     

经直肠穿刺~(125)Ⅰ粒子植入联合内分泌治疗局部晚期前列腺癌的临床疗效

目的:探讨经直肠穿刺125Ⅰ粒子植入近距离放疗联合内分泌治疗局部晚期前列腺癌的临床疗效。方法:27例局部晚期前列腺癌患者采用经直肠超声引导下经直肠穿刺125Ⅰ粒子植入联合内分泌治疗,动态监测PSA、前列腺体积、最大尿流率、国际前列腺症状评分变化。结果:所有患者植入过程顺利,实际粒子植入时间20～35 min,植入粒子40～58粒。植入后6个月,27例患者PSA<0.2μg/L,其中19例<0.1μg/L;前列腺体积与植入前相比明显缩小[(36.38±6.20)ml vs(25.81±3.77)ml,P<0.05]、最大尿流率及国际前列腺症状评分较植入前明显改善[(8.43±2.97)m/s、(19.56±2.03)分vs(16.87±1.67)ml/s、(13.45±2.17)分,P<0.05]。随访至植入后3年,19例患者处于第一周期间歇期,8例患者处于第三周期治疗期,其中2例患者病情进展,转变为雄激素非依赖性前列腺癌,2例病情恶化发生早期骨转移。3年生化无进展生存率为70.4%(19/27)、临床无进展生存率85.2%(23/27)、治疗有效率92.6%(25/27)。27例患者没有严重并发症发生。结论:经直肠穿刺125Ⅰ粒子植入联合内分泌治疗局部晚期前列腺癌安全、微创,有效延缓疾病进程,无严重尿道、直肠、勃起功能障碍等并发症。     

Treatment of huge hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage by surgery and cerebrospinal fluid drainage

Objective

There is limited information available regarding the treatment of huge hypertensive putaminal hemorrhage (HPH). This study aimed to evaluate our experience of 33 patients with huge HPH who were treated by open surgery (decompressive craniectomy and hematoma evacuation) and external cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage.

Methods

We reviewed the records of 33 consecutive patients admitted to our hospital with huge HPH (≥60 cm³). All patients were treated by decompressive craniectomy, hematoma evacuation, and CSF drainage. Data collected included age, gender, blood pressure at admission, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) location, ICH volume, degree of midline shift, presence/absence of basal cistern obliteration at admission and before surgery, and presence/absence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Outcome was assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale score at 30 days after surgery.

Results

The median GCS score was 5.0 at admission, and improved to 8.0 at 1 week after surgery. The median ICH volume was 95 cm³ before surgery and 4 cm³ after surgery. IVH was observed in 93.9% of patients. The overall survival rate to discharge was 75.6% (25/33), including 15.1% (4/33) with good function, 36.4% (12/33) with disability, and 24.3% (8/33) in a vegetative state. The mortality rate was 24.3% (8/33). Patients with right-sided ICH had better outcomes than those with left-sided ICH. No patients with GCS score ≤6 and ICH volume ≥90 cm³ at admission achieved good postoperative function. Operative time was significantly shorter with hematoma evacuation via the transcortical approach than via the transsylvian approach (3.41 ± 0.75 h vs. 4.14 ± 0.59 h, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the rates of mortality or survival with good function between the two groups.

Conclusions

Treatment of huge HPH by decompressive craniectomy, hematoma evacuation, and CSF drainage is life-saving. Patients with GCS score 7–8, ICH volume 60–90 cm³, and right-sided ICH may achieve good recovery. The transcortical approach appears to be more effective than the transsylvian approach for rapid decompression of the edematous brain.     

罗红霉素涂膜剂的制备与临床应用

目的：研究罗红霉素涂膜剂的制备与临床应用。方法：选用壳聚糖为成膜材料，制备罗红霉素涂膜剂，并建立质量控制方法，进行临床疗效观察。结果：制备工艺简便，质量控制方法可行，临床疗效满意。结论：该制剂符合涂膜剂的质量标准和要求．     

Clinical anatomic study of the lower lumbar anterolateral vein: with respect to retroperitoneal endoscopic surgery

Objective： To study the anatomy of veins of the lower lumbar spine and provide the anatomic basement for laparoscopic lumbar surgery. Methods： A total of 15 formaldehyde-preserved cadav- ers were studied with special attention to the variety and surrounding structure of ascending lumbar vein （ALV） and iliolumbar veins （ILV）, and their relationship with lumbar plexus. Results： ALV and ILV can be found on every sides, which have four variants including separate entry and common entry. The ascending vein and iliolumbar vein separately enter common iliac vein in 18 cases, and as a common stem enter the common iliac vein in 12 cases. Retracting common iliac vein medially both the ascending lumbar and the iliolumbar veins are always at risk of avulsion on exposure of the disc space. The injury of obturator nerve and lumbosacral trunk of lumbar plexus should be avoided. Conclusion： Awareness of these anatomic variation can prevent the hemorrhage and be helpful for the surgeon in performing a careful ligation of these veins before medial retraction of the common iliac vein. Our findings emphasize the need for proper dissection of ALV and ILV before ligature during exposure of the lower lumbar spine.