冬虫夏草抗肿瘤及免疫调节作用的研究进展

冬虫夏草为我国传统名贵中药,具有抗肿瘤、降血脂、免疫调节、祛痰、平喘、抗心律失常、保护肝肾功能等多种药理学作用。随着对冬虫夏草免疫机制的深入研究,为其作为抗肿瘤药物提供了有力证据。综述了冬虫夏草及其活性成分对黑色素瘤、甲状腺癌、胃癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等多种肿瘤的抑制作用,主要从吞噬细胞、自然杀伤细胞、树突状细胞、B/T淋巴细胞以及促进细胞因子的分泌等几个方面探讨冬虫夏草对其免疫活性的影响。其免疫调节的作用机制主要通过T淋巴细胞介导的细胞免疫应答和B/T淋巴细胞介导的体液免疫应答。     

云南美登木的研究进展

云南美登木Maytenus hookeri属卫矛科植物,是一种有效的抗肿瘤原料药。1959年研究至今,已从云南美登木组织及其各种菌株中分别提取分离得到了以美登木素、美登普林、美登布丁为主的20余种化学成分,且其提取物在抗肿瘤等方面具有有效剂量小、安全系数大、不良反应小等突出特点。就云南美登木化学成分、药理活性、毒性、存在的问题和开发前景等方面的研究进展进行综述,为深入研究和综合开发利用云南美登木提供参考。     

HPLC法测定藏药五味甘露药浴颗粒中槲皮素、山柰素和盐酸麻黄碱

目的采用RP-HPLC法测定藏药五味甘露药浴颗粒(麻黄、刺柏、大籽蒿、水柏枝、烈香杜鹃)中槲皮素、山柰素和盐酸麻黄碱的量。方法槲皮素、山柰素的测定,采用Zorbax SB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液(20∶80);检测波长360 nm;体积流量1.0 m L/min;柱温30℃。盐酸麻黄碱的测定,流动相为乙腈-0.092%磷酸溶液(含0.04%三乙胺和0.02%二正丁胺)(1.5∶98.5);检测波长为210 nm;体积流量1.0 m L/min。结果槲皮素、山柰素分别在0.019 8~0.990 0μg(r=0.999 8)、0.014 4~0.721 2μg(r=0.999 9)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为97.5%、99.3%,RSD分别为1.4%、1.6%(n=6)。盐酸麻黄碱在0.016 592~0.248 9μg(r=0.999 9)范围内线性良好。平均回收率为101.4%,RSD为1.4%(n=6)。结论本方法操作简单、结果准确,重复性好,可用于该药的质量控制。     

胡晓梅论治紫癜风(过敏性紫癜)精要

过敏性紫癜是一种常见的血管变态反应疾病,中医病名为"紫癜风"。胡晓梅教授分期论治紫癜风,并各宗一方,临证强调祛风与化瘀贯穿全程,疏散与酸收并用,止血与散瘀兼顾,疗效显著,阐述精辟。     

藏族药八味沉香丸的HPLC指纹图谱

目的:建立藏族药八味沉香丸的HPLC指纹图谱,为进一步提高其质量标准提供科学依据。方法:采用Waters Xbridge Shield RP18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.05%磷酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,流速1.0 m L·min~(-1),柱温25℃,检测波长220 nm,进样量10μL。采用"中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统"2004A版对10批八味沉香丸HPLC指纹图谱进行评价。结果:确定了31个共有峰,指认其中4个共有峰分别为没食子酸、木香烃内酯、去氢木香内酯、去氢二异丁香酚,10批八味沉香丸的指纹图谱相似度均≥0.9。结论:该方法简便、稳定、重复性好,为八味沉香丸质量标准建立提供了可靠的科学依据。     

基于中医传承辅助平台探索胡晓梅治疗骨髓增殖性肿瘤的用药规律

目的：基于中医传承辅助平台（V2.5）,探讨胡晓梅治疗骨髓增殖性肿瘤(myeloproliferative neoplasms,MPNs)的用药规律,为MPNs的治疗提供新思路。方法：通过回顾性研究方法,收集胡晓梅治疗MPNs门诊有效处方50首,应用中医传承辅助平台构建胡晓梅治疗MPNs的数据库。结果：对胡晓梅数据库中症状、四气、五味、归经分布、频次统计、组方规律和新方进行分析,得出胡晓梅治疗MPNs的常用药物有柴胡、赤芍、生地黄、红花等15种,核心组合药物中多见红花、赤芍等药物与柴胡关联,并演化得到8首治疗MPNs的新处方。结论：以中医传承辅助系统为平台,利用文本挖掘、关联规则等数据挖掘方法,较好地挖掘了胡晓梅治疗MPNs的用药规律,即从虚、毒、瘀病理因素入手,以益气活血解毒为法,扶正祛邪兼顾。     

An automated intelligent diagnostic system for the interpretation of umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry

The objective is to develop an automated intelligent diagnostic system for the interpretation of umbilical artery velocity waveforms. An ultrasound instrument with pulsed-wave Doppler is connected to a microcomputer by means of a frame grabber. After data acquisition, umbilical Doppler velocimetry is handled as a pattern recognition (feature extraction and classification) and decision-making problem. Automated image processing (enhancement, smoothing/thresholding and edge detection) and analysis are used for feature extraction. Six waveform indices obtained by feature extraction are used as input layer to vector quantization which classifies waveforms into six groups. A clinical decision is assigned to each group by the medical expert. Our system is trained by 278 and 380 waveform images of 94 normal and 157 high risk pregnancies, respectively. The system was tested with 193 and 61 images of normal and risky pregnancies; it was demonstrated that sensitivity and specificity of the system are 54.1% and 80.3%, respectively.     

Association between metabolic syndrome and body constitution of traditional Chinese medicine: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe constitution theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) states that body constitution and disease are associated; therefore, the identification of body constitution can provide reference for disease prevention and treatment. A series of clinical studies evaluating the association between TCM constitution and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been conducted in recent years. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize and evaluate the clinical evidence of the relationship between constitution and MetS.MethodsThe PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP, and Wanfang Data electronic databases were searched from April 2009 to July 2020. The search terms included “metabolic syndrome,” “constitution,” and “Chinese medicine.” Observational studies evaluating the relationship between body constitution of TCM and MetS were included. The primary outcome included the distribution of constitutional types in the MetS population, and odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) between constitution and MetS. Effect size was expressed as proportion or OR with 95% confidence interval (CI). Methodological quality of included studies was evaluated by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) or the American Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) criteria.ResultsThree case–control and 26 cross-sectional studies involving 30 435 cases were included. Phlegm-dampness, qi-deficiency, and damp-heat were the main constitution types in patients with MetS, accounting for 29% (22%–39%), 18% (13%–24%), and 12% (9%–17%) of the population, respectively; the risk of MetS in people with phlegm-dampness and qi-deficiency constitution was 1.74 [1.27, 2.38] and 1.29 [1.01, 1.65] times higher than that in those with other constitutions. There were sex- and age-related differences in the distribution of TCM constitution in patients with MetS.ConclusionPhlegm-dampness and qi-deficiency were associated with the occurrence of MetS. Well-designed cohort and case–control studies are needed to provide evidence for the use of TCM to prevent and treat MetS.     

新发突发传染病应急预案编制问题的思考

应急预案在新发突发传染病的处置中起着重要的指导作用,本文从新发突发传染病信息监测,共享和报告制度,各症候群子课题内部的应急处理方略,应急预案的不同制定等级,预案的可操作性,加强中医药在新突发传染病中的防控作用,预案的整体考虑方针原则与演练6个方面,论述了预案中要考虑的事项,并提出以确定性去应对新发突发传染病事件当中的医疗资源的协调分配和事故权责体系,以灵活性去处置疫情分析及疫情决策,为应急预案的制定提供参考。