中国大陆新型冠状病毒空间模式及影响因素分析

目的 识别中国大陆新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）高危地区,探讨社会经济因素、环境因素与COVID-19空间分布的关系。方法 收集2020年1月16日至2020年2月29日中国大陆30个省级行政区（除湖北省）的COVID-19发病资料和社会经济、环境因素资料,利用全局空间自相关、局部空间自相关、贝叶斯空间模型对其进行分析。结果 研究期间,30个省共报告COVID-19病例12 934例,发病率范围为0.03/10万~2.10/10万,全局Moran’s I =0.35（P<0.05）。COVID-19高风险地区主要分布在湖北省的相邻省份和经济发达的省份。城乡人口比重、湖北流出人口比例与COVID-19发病风险的回归系数有统计学意义,两个变量的后验估计相对风险分别为1.1012（95%CI:1.045 8~1.1598）和1.0394（95%CI:1.0080~1.0713）。环境因素的相对风险无统计学意义。结论 COVID-19发病风险与城乡人口比重、人口流动有关,与环境因素几乎无关,提示不同环境的国家和地区同样面临COVID-19风险,应做好应对准备,可通过实施封闭和交通管控等措施防控COVID-19。     

成都市暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病关联分析及脆弱人群亚组识别

目的 刻画成都市2011—2017年暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病(Hand, foot and mouth disease,HFMD)之间的短期滞后关系,并进一步量化在不同性别、年龄亚组中的效应,识别脆弱人群。方法 收集整理成都市2011年1月1日—2017年12月31日的15岁以下HFMD日发病数、气象因子和暴雨洪涝发生情况数据。以暴雨洪涝为关键自变量,运用准泊松分布滞后模型,探讨了暴雨洪涝发生后0~14天的滞后效应。结果 研究发现暴雨洪涝与儿童手足口病呈正相关关系。0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后效应分别为1.11(95% CI:1.01~1.22)和1.21 (95% CI:1.04~1.41)。性别和年龄亚组分析分别表明,男童和3岁以下儿童（<1岁婴儿和1~2岁幼儿亚组）存在单日滞后统计显著的正相关关系,且0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后均显著;女童的单日滞后没有统计学意义,仅0~14天累计滞后统计显著,且效应略低于男童（女童: RR =1.23(1.00~1.51),男童: RR =1.26(1.06~1.51)）;<1岁婴儿0~7天和0~14天的累积滞后效应最强,分别为1.26(95%CI:1.02~1.57)和1.68(95%CI:1.20~2.34)。结论 暴雨洪涝会增加儿童患HFMD的风险,尤其是男童和3岁以下的婴幼儿（对1岁以下的婴儿的影响最大）。利益相关者应充分意识到暴雨洪涝的健康风险。家庭、社区、学校和政府应共同努力,减少暴雨洪涝相关的儿童HFMD。     

血清和尿液中22种真菌毒素的高效液相色谱——四极杆轨道阱质谱筛查方法建立

目的 建立血液、尿液中22种常见真菌毒素的液液萃取-高效液相色谱四极杆轨道阱质谱测定方法。方法 基于高效液相色谱-四极杆轨道阱质谱技术,首先建立22种常见真菌毒素的色谱质谱数据库。然后取血清和尿液样品,用0.10 mol/L NaOH 溶液调节至碱性,加入乙酸乙酯涡旋混合萃取,萃取液用弱的氮气吹至近干,残渣加甲醇水溶液（50∶50,v/v）复溶,经过滤后进 LC - MS/MS 分析。在一定识别标准下与数据库比对进行定性筛查。结果 尿液和血液检出限（limit of detection,LOD）分别为2.61×10 - 3～50.0 ng/ml和2.07×10 - 3～50.0 ng/ml,定量限（limit of quantitation,LOQ）分别为8.70×10 - 3～1.67×102 ng/ml和 6.91×10 - 3～1.67×102 ng/ml。尿液测定日内相对标准偏差（relative standard derivations, RSDs）为2.34%～8.40%,日间RSDs为4.80%～10.9%;血液测定日内RSDs为2.10%～10.6%,日间RSDs为3.07%～11.6%。结论 建立的快速筛查方法操作简单,具有高通量、高灵敏度和高准确性的特点,符合生物样品中毒物分析鉴定的要求,同时可以更好地发现新型毒物和未知毒物。     

Associations of park features with park use and park-based physical activity in an urban environment in Asia: A cross-sectional study

Park use is associated with health, yet our understanding of park features related to their use is limited. Singapore's parks were audited for 30 micro-features, then geospatial analysis characterized micro-features scores for parks nearest to participants' homes. Adults (3,435) reported their park use and park-based physical activity. Using linear regression models, we found living near a park with higher micro-features scores was associated with more time in parks and park-based physical activity. Specific micro-features were associated with more park time (wildlife areas, water features, forested areas, unpaved trails (2–2.6 h/month, p < 0.05)) and with physical activity in parks (water features, forested areas, large playground, open green spaces (1.8–2.2 h/month, p < 0.05)). These findings could inform parks planning to support population-health.     

Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Revised 2021 Standards of Practice and Standards of Professional Performance for Registered Dietitian Nutritionists (Competent,Proficient, and Expert) in Sports and Human Performance Nutrition

Nutrition in sports and human performance incorporates knowledge of the intersection of human physiology and nutrition. Registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) practitioners in sports and human performance focus on nutrition care that is specific to the individual and their sport/occupational requirements. The Dietitians in Sports, Cardiovascular and Wellness Dietetic Practice Group, along with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Management Committee, have updated the Standards of Practice (SOP) and Standards of Professional Performance (SOPP) for RDNs working in sports and human performance. The SOP and SOPP for RDNs in Sports and Human Performance Nutrition provide indicators that describe three levels of practice: competent, proficient, and expert. The SOP uses the Nutrition Care Process and clinical workflow elements for delivering care to athletic/professional populations. The SOPP describes the following six domains that focus on professional performance: Quality in Practice, Competence and Accountability, Provision of Services, Application of Research, Communication and Application of Knowledge, and Utilization and Management of Resources. Specific indicators outlined in the SOP and SOPP depict how these standards apply to practice. The SOP and SOPP are complementary resources for RDNs and are intended to be used as a self-evaluation tool for assuring competent practice in sports and human performance and for determining potential education and training needs for advancement to a higher practice level in a variety of settings.     

Does hospital competition lead to medical equipment expansion? Evidence on the medical arms race

Health Care Management Science - With the implementation of a series of pro-competition policies in China, the hospital market competition has been intensified dramatically over the past decade....     

The Impact of Positive Youth Development Attributes on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Chinese Adolescents Under COVID-19

PurposeThis study examined the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among adolescents in mainland China under COVID-19. The direct effects of the perceived threat of COVID-19 and positive youth development (PYD) qualities, as well as the moderating effect of PYD qualities on PTSD symptoms, were studied.MethodsFive schools in Chengdu, Sichuan, China, participated in this study. Two waves of data were collected before school lockdown (Wave 1, between December 2019 and January 2020) and after school resumption (Wave 2, between June 2020 and July 2020), respectively. A total of 4,981 adolescents aged above 11 years (Mean age = 13.15, SD = 1.32 at Wave 1, 51.5% girls) completed questionnaires at both waves. Students responded to measures of PYD qualities at both waves and perceived threat and PTSD symptoms at Wave 2.ResultsA total of 517 adolescents (10.4%) could be regarded as having PTSD. Results indicated significant unique main effects of perceived threat (β = .13, p < .001) and Wave 1 PYD qualities (β = ?.16, p < .001) on PTSD symptoms. Besides, results showed a significant moderating effect of PYD qualities in mitigating the negative impact of perceived threat on PTSD symptoms.ConclusionsThis study revealed the protective effect of PYD attributes in reducing the negative influence of traumatic situations such as COVID-19 on adolescent mental health. Results underscore the importance of promoting PYD qualities in adolescents in mainland China via effective PYD programs.