Risk Factors of Complications after CT-guided Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of Lumps Near Pulmonary Hilum

The factors influencing the incidence of common complications(pneumothorax and pulmonary hemorrhage) of CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of lumps near pulmonary hilum were investigated. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of lumps near pulmonary hilum was performed on 48 patients. The complications of pneumothorax and pneumorrhagia as well as the contributing factors were analyzed statistically. The major complications associated with CT-guided needle biopsy included pneumothorax(13 cases, 27.1%) and pulmonary hemorrhage(14 cases, 20.24%). ?2 test revealed that pneumothorax was associated with the lesion size and depth of needle penetration, and pulmonary hemorrhage with the depth of needle penetration and needle retention time with a significant P value. Pneumothorax was observed in 7 cases(17.5%) out of 40 cases with diameter of mass greater than 3 cm, and in 6 cases(60%) out of 10 cases with depth of needle penetration greater than 4 cm. Additionally, pulmonary hemorrhage was identified in 12 cases(41.4%) out of 29 cases with needle retention time longer than 15 min, and pulmonary hemorrhage in 7 cases(70%) out of 10 cases with depth of needle penetration greater than 4 cm. CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy of lumps near pulmonary hilum is safe and effective. The key factors to prevent the complications include correct evaluation of lesion size, depth of needle penetration and the needle retention time before the operation. Key words: biopsy, CT-guided; hilum; pneumothorax; pulmonary hemorrhage     

Oxidized LDL Stimulates Lipid Peroxidation-derived DNA and Protein Adducts in Human Vascular Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells

Oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox LDL) can trigger intracellular production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation(LPO), and is thought to contribute to initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. In order to understand the correlation between ox LDL and macromolecular damage, we measured levels of LPO-derived miscoding etheno-DNA adducts and LPO-modified proteins in cultured human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells after incubation with ox LDL for up to 48 h. A semi-quantative analysis method for 1, N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine(εd A) by immunohistochemistry was applied. After ox LDL stimulation, εd A-stained nuclei were significantly increased in both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Similarly, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal(4-HNE)-modified proteins, as analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting, were also 3–5 fold increased. It was concluded LPO-derived etheno-DNA adducts and LPO-modified proteins are strongly induced by ox LDL in human vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. This macromolecular damage may contribute to the dysfunction of arterial endothelium and the onset of atherosclerosis.     

Rotigotine in the Treatment of Primary Restless Legs Syndrome:A Meta-analysis of Randomized Placebo-controlled Trials

The aim of this study was to summarize the efficacy and tolerability of rotigotine in the treatment of primary restless legs syndrome(RLS). Pub Med, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL) were searched for English-language randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that assessed the effectiveness of rotigotine for RLS. The pooled mean change from baseline in International RLS(IRLS) Study Group Rating Scalescore and relative risk(RR) of response based on the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement(CGI-I) scale score were applied to evaluate the outcomes. The pooled proportions of adverse events(AEs) were also estimated. Six RCTs were included. The meta-analysis showed a favorable effectiveness of rotigotine versus placebo on RLS [mean change on IRLS score: mean difference(MD)=–4.80; 95% confidence interval(CI): –5.90 to –3.70; P<0.00001 and RR of response on CGI-I was 2.19; 95% CI: 1.86 to 2.58, P<0.00001]. The most common AEs were application site reactions, nausea, headache and fatigue. In general, rotigotine was well-tolerated in patients with primary RLS. Based on the findings from the meta-analysis, rotigotine was more significantly efficacious in the treatment of RLS than placebo. Nevertheless, long-term studies and more evidence of comparisons of rotigotine with other dopamine agonists are needed.     

Minocycline Attenuates Microglial Response and Reduces Neuronal Death after Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Mice

The possible role of minocycline in microglial activation and neuronal death after cardiac arrest(CA) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR) in mice was investigated in this study. The mice were given potassium chloride to stop the heart beating for 8 min to achieve CA, and they were subsequently resuscitated with epinephrine and chest compressions. Forty adult C57BL/6 male mice were divided into 4 groups(n=10 each): sham-operated group, CA/CPR group, CA/CPR+minocycline group, and CA/CPR+vehicle group. Animals in the latter two groups were intraperitoneally injected with minocycline(50 mg/kg) or vehicle(normal saline) 30 min after recovery of spontaneous circulation(ROSC). Twenty-four h after CA/CPR, the brains were removed for histological evaluation of the hippocampus. Microglial activation was evaluated by detecting the expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule-1(Iba1) by immunohistochemistry. Neuronal death was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin(H&E) staining and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) in the hippocampus were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results showed that the neuronal death was aggravated, most microglia were activated and TNF-α levels were enhanced in the hippocampus CA1 region of mice subjected to CA/CPR as compared with those in the sham-operated group(P<0.05). Administration with minocycline 30 min after ROSC could significantly decrease the microglial response, TNF-α levels and neuronal death(P<0.05). It was concluded that early administration with minocycline has a strong therapeutic potential for CA/CPR-induced brain injury.     

p53通过调控p55PIK抑制肝细胞癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖

目的探讨p55PIK对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖能力的影响,及p55PIK上游可能的调控机制。方法以肝癌SMMC-7721细胞为研究对象,通过脂质体转染p55PIK特异性小干扰RNA(siRNA)si-p55构建p55PIK低表达的实验模型。通过CCK8检测p55PIK对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖能力的影响。通过流式细胞术检测p55PIK对细胞周期进程的影响。转染针对p53的小干扰RNA(siRNA)si-p53低表达p53,采用Western blot检测p53对p55PIK表达的影响,并通过CCK8法检测p53对p55PIK在肝癌细胞增殖调控中的作用。结果低表达p55PIK可导致肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖能力降低[转染后96h,si-NC组、si-p55组的A值分别为(1.325±0.050)、(1.183±0.019)],细胞周期G0/G1期阻滞[si-NC组:(39.07±2.02)%;si-p55组:(49.66±1.05)%]。低表达p53可在肝癌SMMC-7721细胞中上调p55PIK的表达。p55PIK可部分拮抗p53对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖的抑制作用。结论p53可部分通过调控p55PIK抑制肝癌SMMC-7721细胞的增殖。     

Development of a 9-locus X-STR Multiplex PCR System for Genetic Analysis of Three Ethnic Populations in China

X-chromosome short tandem repeats(X-STR) analysis has been confirmed to be effective for kinship testing such as in deficiency paternity cases. The aim of this study was to develop a new multiplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR) system that can simultaneously amplify 9 X-STR loci(GATA172D05, DXS10159, DXS6797, HPRTB, DXS10079, DXS6789, DXS9895, DXS10146 and GATA31E08) in the same PCR reaction, and to obtain the database of the 9 X-STR loci in three ethnic populations in China. The genetic data of 815(404 females and 411 males) unrelated Han Chinese from Hubei province, and Yi and Zhuang Chinese from Yunnan province were analyzed by using this multiplex system. The results showed that a total of 93 alleles for all these loci were found, and 7 to 20 alleles for each locus were observed. All of the analyzed loci were in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction in the three studied populations. The polymorphism information content(PIC) and power of discrimination(PD) in females were 0.6566–0.8531 and 0.8639–0.9684, respectively. Pairwise comparisons of allele frequency distribution showed significant differences in the most of these loci between different populations. The results indicate that this multiplex system is very useful for forensic analysis of different ethnic populations in China.     

层层自组装血管内皮生长因子/磺化壳聚糖改性钛表面的研究

目的利用层层自组装技术,在钛金属表面构建血管内皮生长因子/磺化壳聚糖(VEGF/SCS)多层膜,评价其体外血液相容性,并探讨其在医用金属表面改性方面的应用前景。方法采用化学合成制备磺化壳聚糖(sulfated chitosan,SCS)并对其表征进行分析;利用层层自组装技术在钛表面构建VEGF/SCS多层膜;对钛表面涂层进行表征分析并评价其体外血液相容性。结果钛-VEGF/SCS自组装多层膜表面光整,该涂层体外溶血率为0.567%,可延长部分活化凝血酶原时间(APTT)至(49.29±1.05)s,减少血小板粘附和激活。结论 VEGF/SCS层层自组装形成的多层膜可以提高钛合金的体外血液相容性,显示其在医用金属表面改性方面的应用前景。     

Longer time spent in bed attempting to sleep is associated with rapid renal function decline: the Dongfeng–Tongji cohort study

Introduction: Prospective evidence on the relation between time in bed and renal dysfunction remains limited. We aimed to investigate the association of time spent in bed attempting to sleep (TSBS) with renal function decline in a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population.

Methods: About 16,733 eligible participants with a mean age of 62.3 years at baseline were included. Rapid renal function decline was defined as (baseline eGFR???revisit eGFR)/years of follow-up ≥5?mL/min per 1.73 m²/year. A total of 1738 study participants experienced rapid renal function decline after a median 4.6-year follow-up. Logistic regression models were used for multivariate analyses.

Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of rapid renal function decline was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.37) for TSBS ≥9?h/night compared with TSBS 7 to <8?h/night. This association remained significant (OR?=?1.19, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.38) after further adjustment for sleep quality, midday napping and usage of sleeping pills. Particularly, the association appeared to be prominent in individuals with diabetes.

Conclusions: Longer TSBS (≥9?h) was independently associated with an increased risk of rapid renal function decline. Our findings emphasized the importance to have optimal TSBS.

• Key messages

• Our study firstly investigated the association between time spent in bed attempting to sleep (TSBS) and renal dysfunction in Chinese adults.

• Compared with individuals TSBS 7 to <8?h, individuals with TSBS ≥9?h had 19% increased risk for rapid renal function decline after adjustment for multivariate confounders.

• The association appeared to be prominent in individuals with diabetes.

     

大病医疗保险补偿模式及补偿效果分析——以L市为例

目的:分析西部L市农村居民大病医疗保险补偿模式及补偿效果,为完善和推广科学的大病医疗保险补偿模式提出可行性建议。方法:对补偿模式进行政策分析,运用受益率、患者自付费用、实际补偿比等指标分析大病医疗保险实施效果。结果:2013年L市大病医疗保险受益率为3.2%,基金使用率为92%,不同区县基金使用率差异较大。实行大病保险后患者自付费用下降明显,该市大病医疗保险和新农合累计实际补偿比达到84.8%,其中新农合实际补偿比已达68.9%,但同时新农合基金出现赤字。结论与建议:科学设置起付线、补偿比例、补偿范围,取消封顶线,完善大病医疗保险补偿方案;采取措施减少大病医疗保险地市统筹带来的各区县之间的不公平;实现大病医疗保险补偿模式和新农合补偿模式的有效衔接。