苏州市健康城市示范路健康促进活动效果评价

目的了解苏州市实施"健康城市示范路健康促进活动"后,居民健康相关行为的形成及改变情况,为制定健康教育综合干预策略提供依据。方法以苏州市示范路上的33个单位、10个社区,共计2043人作为调查对象;使用统一问卷,采取分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2006年和2007年进行了两次调查。结果两次调查的结果显示:在血压测量次数、锻炼、饮用牛奶和过马路等方面存在差异。结论健康促进活动对促进居民健康知识的提高和健康行为习惯的养成是有效的。     

饮食摄入种类和体力活动与2型糖尿病患者死亡风险的前瞻性研究

目的 探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者饮食摄入种类和体力活动及其联合作用与全因死亡和特定原因死亡风险的关联。方法 2013年12月至2021年12月,对江苏省常熟市、淮安市清江浦区（原清河区）和淮安区纳入国家基本公共卫生服务管理的T2DM患者19 863人开展前瞻性队列研究。死亡信息和根本死因源于江苏省CDC死亡监测系统。利用Cox比例风险回归模型估计T2DM患者饮食摄入种类、体力活动以及联合作用与全因死亡及特定原因死亡风险的关联强度。结果 截至2021年12月31日,研究对象累计随访150 283人年,中位随访时间8.15年,随访期间共死亡3 293人,其中1 124人死于心血管疾病（CVD）,875人死于肿瘤。Cox比例风险回归模型分析结果显示,与摄入0~1种食物的T2DM患者相比,摄入5~9种食物的患者全因死亡风险降低19%［风险比（HR）=0.81,95%CI：0.70~0.94］,CVD死亡风险降低33%（HR=0.67,95%CI：0.52~0.87）。与体力活动Q₁组的T2DM患者相比,Q₄组全因、CVD和肿瘤死亡风险分别降低50%（HR=0.50,95%CI：0.45~0.56）、50%（HR=0.50,95%CI：0.41~0.61）和27%（HR=0.73,95%CI：0.60~0.88）。联合作用显示,与摄入0~2种食物和低体力活动的T2DM患者相比,摄入4~9种食物和高体力活动的T2DM患者全因、CVD和肿瘤死亡风险分别降低55%（HR=0.45,95%CI：0.38~0.53）、56%（HR=0.44,95%CI：0.32~0.59）和40%（HR=0.60,95%CI：0.44~0.82）。结论 饮食摄入种类和体力活动及其联合作用与T2DM患者死亡风险降低相关。     

Neuroactive gonadal drugs for neuroprotection in male and female models of Parkinson's disease

The existence of sex differences in Parkinson's disease (PD) incidence is well documented with greater prevalence and earlier age at onset in men than in women. These reported sex differences could be related to estrogen exposure. In PD animal models, estrogen is well documented to be neuroprotective against dopaminergic neuron loss induced by neurotoxins. Using the 1-methyl 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model, we showed that several compounds are neuroprotective on dopaminergic neurons including estrogen, the selective estrogen receptor modulator raloxifene, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) agonist PPT as well as the G protein-coupled membrane estrogen receptor (GPER1) specific agonist G1. Accumulating evidence suggests that GPER1 could be implicated in the neuroprotective effects of estrogen, raloxifene and G1 in collaboration with ERα. We recently reported that the 5α-reductase inhibitor Dutasteride is also neuroprotective and could bring an alternative to estrogens for therapy in male. Additional studies are needed to optimize therapies with these gonadal drugs into safe personalized treatments according to sex for treatment of PD.     

Knowledge,attitudes and practices related to the influenza virus and vaccine among older adults in Eastern China

BackgroundThis study aims to assess the association between socio-demographic and health characteristics of older adults in Eastern China and knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about the influenza virus and vaccine.MethodsA prospective cohort of 1506 older adults (aged ≥60 years) was enrolled from November to December 2015 in Jiangsu Province. We examined the association between demographics, health and functional status, and cognitive impairment at enrollment with awareness of influenza virus and vaccine and KAP items focused on five Health Belief Model domains. At a 12-month follow-up interview we assessed change in awareness and readiness to be vaccinated.ResultsOne in five older adults was aware of the influenza virus (21%) or vaccine (20%); even fewer reported having at least “a little” knowledge of the virus and vaccine (7% and 4%, respectively); less than 1% reported ever receiving an influenza vaccine. Retirement, higher education and income, and normal cognitive status were consistently associated with both awareness and knowledge of influenza virus. The odds of having at least “a little” knowledge of the vaccine was 2.9-fold (95% CI = 1.6–5.3) higher among older adults with at least some secondary schooling. Among the 108 with knowledge of the virus, 55% said they “worry about getting the flu this season.” Among the 73 with knowledge of the vaccine, 92% believed the vaccine was at least somewhat effective and less than half (43%) thought that influenza vaccination was safe. At a 12-month follow-up interview, 33% (442/1333) increased from no knowledge to at least “a little”.ConclusionsIf and when influenza vaccines become widely available to older adults in China, our results indicate that influenza vaccination campaigns with basic information on the virus and vaccine could be beneficial for all older adults, especially those with less education and/or more cognitive impairment.     

The association between long-term platelet count and disability-free survival among middle-aged and older Chinese: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Background and aimsWe aimed to assess the associations of baseline and long-term platelet count (PLT) with disability-free survival (DFS) among middle-aged and older Chinese.Methods and resultsA total of 7296 participants were recruited in the analysis. Updated mean PLT was defined as the mean of the two PLT measurements (4 years between wave 1–3). The long-term status of PLT was defined as persistent low, attenuated, increased and persistent high PLT according to the optimal cut points from the receiver operating characteristic curves of the two PLT measurements, respectively. The primary outcome was DFS, evaluated by the first occurrence of either disability or mortality. During 6-year visit, 1579 participants experienced disability or all-cause mortality. The rates of primary outcome were significantly higher among participants with elevated baseline PLT and updated mean PLT. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of primary outcome were 1.253 (1.049–1.496) for highest baseline PLT tertile and 1.532 (1.124–2.088) for highest updated mean PLT tertile, comparing to the lowest tertiles. Multivariable-adjusted spline regression models showed a linear association of baseline PLT (p_linearity < 0.001) and updated mean PLT (p_linearity = 0.005) with primary outcome. Moreover, participants with persistent high PLT and increased PLT had increased risk of primary outcome (ORs [95% CIs]: 1.825 [1.282–2.597] and 1.767 [1.046–2.985], respectively), compared with the reference of those with persistent low PLT.ConclusionThis study proved elevated baseline PLT, especially long-term persist high or increased PLT was associated with less likelihood of DFS among middle-aged and older Chinese.     

健康素养评估学习系统微信端功能介绍及应用结果分析

目的 介绍健康素养评估学习系统微信端功能及其应用结果分析.方法 收集2019年1月1日-10月25日健康素养评估系统微信端的应用数据,进行分析.结果 健康素养评估系统微信端的使用比例维持在25%左右.测试结果呈现:苏南高于苏中,苏中高于苏北;工人、农民及服务业从业者的得分低于其他人群;女性高于男性;得分随文化程度的升高而升高,但硕士及以上学历出现例外;不同年龄人群得分有差异(P<0.05).结论 健康素养评估系统微信端应用接受度较高,年龄输入变量需要改进,其与非微信端测试结果的差异需进一步研究.     

苏州市婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻分子流行病学研究

目的 研究苏州市5岁以下婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻分子流行病学特征。方法 对2001年9月～2002年8月期间在苏州大学附属儿童医院就诊的5岁以下腹泻患儿进行调查。收集腹泻患儿粪便标本检测轮状病毒并对轮状病毒阳性标本用ELISA、PCR法进行分型研究。结果 共检测标本775份，轮状病毒阳性274份，检出率35．35％；血清分型发现，轮状病毒腹泻G分型以G3(40．15％)和G1(28．42％)为主要流行株，基因P分型结果以P[4](39．68％)为主，尚发现较多不常见G／P组合和未分型病毒株。结论 苏州市婴幼儿轮状病毒腹泻，以G3和P[4]最多见，但有较多未分型病毒株，应继续进行轮状病毒腹泻的监测。     

Fresh fruit consumption,physical activity,and five-year risk of mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective follow-up study

Background and aimsWe explored the associations among fruit consumption, physical activity, and their dose–response relationship with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods and resultsWe prospectively followed 20,340 community-dwelling type 2 diabetic patients aged 21–94 years. Information on diets and physical activity was collected using standardized questionnaires. All-cause and CVD mortality were assessed. Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause mortality were estimated with Cox regression models, and HRs for CVD mortality were derived from a competing risk model. Restricted cubic spline regression was used to analyze dose–response relationships. We identified 1362 deaths during 79,844 person-years. Compared to non-consumption, fruit consumption >42.9 g/d was inversely associated with all-cause mortality (HR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64–0.88), CVD mortality (HR 0.69, 0.51–0.94) and stroke mortality (HR 0.57, 0.36–0.89), but not with heart disease mortality (HR 0.93, 0.56–1.52). The HRs comparing the top vs bottom physical activity quartiles were 0.44 (0.37–0.53) for all-cause mortality, 0.46 (0.33–0.64) for CVD mortality, 0.46 (0.29–0.74) for stroke mortality and 0.51 (0.29–0.88) for heart disease mortality. Lower fruit consumption combined with a lower physical activity level was associated with a greater mortality risk. A nonlinear threshold of 80 g fruit/day was identified; all-cause mortality risk was reduced by approximately 24% at this value. A physical activity threshold of eight metabolic equivalents (MET) h/day was also identified, after which the risk of mortality did not decrease.ConclusionsFruit consumption and physical activity may reduce all-cause, CVD, and stroke mortality in type 2 diabetic patients.