Prevalence of cervical cancer and feasibility of screening in rural China: a pilot study for the Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study

Abstract. Belinson J, Qiao Y, Pretorius R, Zhang W, Keaton K, Elson P, Fischer C, Lorincz A, Zahniser D, Wilbur D, Pan Q, Li L, Biscotti C, Dawson A, Li A, Wu L, Ma CP, Yang XP. Prevalence of cervical cancer and feasibility of screening in rural China: a pilot study for the Shanxi Province Cervical Cancer Screening Study.
For cervical cancer screening to be feasible in developing countries, it must be accurate, inexpensive, and easy to administer. We conducted a pilot study in rural Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China, to determine disease prevalence and study feasibility in preparation for a large-scale comparative trial of 6 screening tests.
One-hundred and thirty-six nonpregnant women with no history of hysterectomy, pelvic radiation, or Papanicolaou tests were screened in a rural clinic. Ten percent of the women enrolled reported abnormal vaginal bleeding and 45% reported abnormal vaginal discharge. The tests were the Papanicolaou test (both conventional and ThinPrep), a self-administered swab test by Hybrid Capture II for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), a test for high-risk HPV from residual PreservCyt medium, fluorescence spectroscopy, and visual inspection of the cervix by a clinician. All women also underwent colposcopy and biopsies as the reference standard.
Biopsies showed 12 of 136 women had ≥ high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL). Screening was completed in 5 half-day sessions, the procedures went smoothly, and local cooperation was enthusiastic.
Disease prevalence in Xiangyuan and Yangcheng Counties, Shanxi Province, can be estimated at 8.8% (95% CI, 4.5% to 15.0%). Screening 1000–2000 patients would be sufficient to detect a 10% difference in accuracy between diagnostic tests. The proposed large-scale trial is feasible.     

肝癌射频消融后肝脓肿的发生率及危险因素分析

目的探讨肝癌射频消融(RFA)后肝脓肿形成的发生率及危险因素。方法回顾性分析2000年1月—2016年6月接受RFA治疗的1 643例肝癌患者的资料,包括原发性肝细胞癌(HCC)942例、胆管细胞癌(CCC)31例、转移性肝癌(MLC)670例,采用Logistic回归对影响因素进行分析。结果肝癌RFA治疗后肝脓肿发生率为0.79%(13/1 643)。单因素分析显示,糖尿病史、肝功能Child-Pugh分级、手术史及肿瘤位置与肝癌RFA治疗后肝脓肿形成相关(P均0.05);多因素分析显示,糖尿病史、手术史及肿瘤位置为肝癌RFA治疗后肝脓肿形成的独立危险因素。结论糖尿病史、手术史、肿瘤位置是影响肝癌RFA治疗后肝脓肿形成的重要因素。     

Silencing LINC01234 represses pancreatic cancer progression by inhibiting the malignant phenotypes of pancreatic cancer cells

ObjectivePrevious works have outlined the pivotal involvement of long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA) in cancer progression, while the efficiency of LINC01234 in pancreatic cancer remained obscure. The purpose of this research is to unravel the regulatory mechanism of LINC01234 in pancreatic cancer via modulating microRNA (miR)-513a-3p and hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD).MethodsPancreatic cancer cells were cultured and clinical tissue specimens were collected. LINC01234, miR-513a-3p and H6PD levels in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues were examined. Plasmids altering LINC01234, miR-513a-3p and H6PD expression were transfected into pancreatic cancer cells to assess the change in biological behaviors of pancreatic cancer cells. The targeting relations among LINC01234, miR-513a-3p and H6PD were validated.ResultsLINC01234 and H6PD levels were elevated while miR-513a-3p level was reduced in pancreatic cancer cells and tissues. LINC01234 deficiency hindered the malignant biological activities of pancreatic cancer cells. MiR-513a-3p depletion or H6PD elevation could abrogate the inhibitory effects of LINC01234 silencing on pancreatic cancer cells. LINC01234 sponged miR-513a-3p that targeted H6PD.ConclusionThe reduced LINC01234 exerts inhibitory impacts on pancreatic cancer cells via targeting miR-513a-3p to restrain H6PD level. The current study broadens the understanding of LINC01234 function and affords novel therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer treatment.     

食管癌高发区60181例患者及父母、同胞食管癌和贲门癌患病情况调查

目的通过调查食管癌高发区60 181例患者及父母、同胞食管癌和贲门癌患病情况,了解夫妻不同患病类型(双发、单发和正常)与子女发病关系,加深对食管癌遗传倾向性的认识。方法研究对象来自我们实验室食管癌和贲门癌资料库,采用卡方检验和Logistic回归方法,比较夫妻不同患病类型的发生率与其子女食管癌和贲门癌的患病风险。结果与正常夫妻相比,夫妻均为食管癌和/或贲门癌患者的子女≥2人患食管癌和贲门癌的风险升高近12倍(13.79%,1.32%,P<0.05,OR=11.867,95%CI=9.026～15.601),单发(妻)患者的子女≥2人患癌风险升高近10倍(11.93%,1.32%,P<0.05,OR=10.042,95%CI=8.357～12.067),单发(夫)患者的子女≥2人患癌风险升高近9倍(10.63%,1.32%,P<0.05,OR=8.817,95%CI=7.419～10.479)。结论夫妻癌和单发(夫/妻)癌其子女≥2人患食管癌或贲门癌的几率明显高于正常夫妻的子女,提示了遗传因素对食管癌和/或贲门癌癌变具有重要的影响。     

Knowledge and attitudes about human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccines among women living in metropolitan and rural regions of China

Infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections and causes virtually all cervical cancer globally. The recent development of two safe and clinically effective vaccines against HPV is a promising step towards lowering cervical cancer rates in the future. What Chinese women think about HPV and the vaccines remains unknown. We undertook a population-based survey, which was embedded in a cervical cancer screening project and was designed to assess women's knowledge about HPV and their acceptability to the vaccines. We found that only 15.0% of women in our study reported to have ever heard of HPV, and this knowledge differs by rural (9.3%) and metropolitan areas (21.6%) and also by education. Most (84.6%) participants were willing to be vaccinated if HPV vaccine became available to them. The present study documents ways in which women learn about HPV and indicates the potential barriers and success of introducing HPV vaccine to China.     

我国城市地区癌症临床筛查服务潜在供方服务意愿调查

目的 调查未参加过国家级癌症筛查项目的医院相关工作人员癌症筛查服务意愿及原因。方法 基于16个省份的项目点,采用方便抽样方法抽取潜在供方医院（每个城市1~2家）,并整群抽取与癌症筛查相关的管理及一线工作人员,开展问卷调查,采用SAS 9.4软件进行逻辑核查和数据分析。结果 共有31家医院（三级18家、二级13家）的2 201名工作人员（管理者508人、一线工作人员1 693人）参与调查;受访医院均有一定的筛查业务扩展空间,管理者中有提供癌症筛查意愿者占92.5%,68.3%认为应当由政府承担筛查筹资责任;一线工作人员希望通过项目获得的收获是提升专业技能（72.4%）和物质回报（46.8%）,但又担心项目运行会干扰日常工作（42.1%）和物质激励不足（41.8%）;如需加班提供筛查服务,工作人员对不同检查项目单例期望补偿额度M值为20~90元,其中三级医院是二级的2倍左右。结论 专业技能提升和物质激励是潜在筛查服务提供方服务积极性和项目可持续性的保证,在后续的项目开展中应给予重视,加班劳务补偿期望值较高,项目实施中需合理分配机构的工作负荷以更好地控制项目成本。     

我国城市地区癌症筛查项目人员对筛查工作意愿倾向的多中心调查及政策建议

目的 基于癌症筛查实际供方角度,从工作人员主观感受及意愿层面评价癌症筛查项目的可持续性。方法 2014-2015年,基于城市癌症早诊早治项目,在16个省份项目点选取2013-2015年所有承担项目的医院、CDC和社区卫生服务中心,采用纸质问卷和网络调查开展访谈,对象包括宏观管理人员、具体项目管理人员和一线工作人员等。结果 最终完成访谈4 626份,访谈对象总体认为参加项目的最大收获在于社会价值感的提升（63.6%）、当地影响力（35.9%）及专业技能提升（30.6%）等;最大困难在于社会物质激励不够所致工作积极性低（30.9%）、信息采集口径不一致（28.3%）、部门间协调（24.4%）和机构间沟通衔接困难（23.5%）等。当单项筛查服务劳务补偿约50元时,工作人员会考虑加班工作。63.7%的受访者有长期筛查服务意愿,主要原因：可通过项目提升个人/团队在当地影响口碑（48.7%）、通过项目提升个人/团队专业技能（43.1%）等;无服务意愿者主要担心工作量超负荷（59.8%）、对日常工作的干扰（49.8%）等。结论 收获与困难相关结果提示,若要长期可持续性开展癌症筛查工作,建议加强项目内荣誉激励、对外宣传及专业能力建设,根据具体情况提高劳务补偿。服务意愿结果则提示,应从政府和领导层面加强信息化建设及机构/部门间协调,机构内应合理协调筛查项目与日常工作。     

Metastasectomy and BRAF mutation; an analysis of survival outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer

Background: Resection of oligometastases improves survival in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). It is unclear whether the benefit is consistent for BRAF V600E mutant (MT) and wild type (WT) mCRC. This retrospective analysis explores the influence of BRAF MT on survival after metastasectomy. Methods: Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) for BRAF MT and WT mCRC were evaluated. Survival was also analyzed in the cohort of BRAF MT with or without metastasectomy. Results: Five hundred and thirteen patients who had undergone metastasectomy were identified, 6% were BRAF-MT. Median age 63. Median OS in BRAF MT vs WT: 25.7 vs 48.5 months (hazard ratio [HR] 1.95; 1.18-3.22). However, difference was not significant in a multivariate model. Right primary tumor, intact primary, >1 metastatic site, non-R0 resection, peritoneal metastasis, and synchronous metastasis were independent predictors of worse OS. Among 364 patients with RFS data there was no difference between BRAF MT and WT (16 vs 19 months, p=0.09). In another cohort of 158 BRAF-MT patients, OS was significantly better after metastasectomy compared to “no metastasectomy” (HR 0.34; 0.18-0.65, P= 0.001). Proficient mismatch repair status showed a trend toward worse survival after metastasectomy in BRAF MT (HR 1.71, P = 0.08). Conclusion: OS did not differ after metastasectomy between BRAF MT and WT in a multivariate model. Median OS was >2 years in this study after metastasectomy among BRAFV600E MT patients suggesting a survival benefit of metastasectomy in this group where systemic therapeutic options are limited. Metastasectomy may be considered in carefully selected BRAF-MT patients.     

Integration of geriatric assessment into clinical oncology practice: A scoping review

Sixty percent of newly diagnosed cancers occur in older adults and more complex planning is required to sustain quality care for older populations. Individualized care incorporating geriatric assessment can predict early mortality and treatment toxicity for older cancer patients. We mapped and summarized the available evidence on the integration of geriatric assessment into clinical oncology practice, and ascertained which domains have been implemented. We systematically searched bibliographic databases and trial registries for reports of clinical studies, clinical practice guidelines, systematic and non-systematic reviews, and grey literature published in English. We gathered data on study characteristics, geriatric domains and strategies evaluated, and relevant study objectives and findings. From a total of 10,124 identified citations, 38 articles met our eligibility criteria, 3 of which were clinical practice guidelines. Nearly half of these articles came from the United States. Domains of the geriatric assessment implemented in studies ranged from 1 to 12, with varied combinations. We identified 27 studies on strategies for implementing geriatric assessment and 24 studies on feasibility of implementing geriatric assessment, into clinical oncology practice. We also identified 3 main geriatric assessment models: 2 from the United States and 1 from Australia. Furthermore, we identified 2 reviews that reported varied components of geriatric assessment models. There is increasingly robust evidence to implement formal geriatric assessment in oncology practice. There remains a great deal of variation in the tools recommended to address each of the domains in a geriatric assessment, with only 1 guideline (American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline) settling on a specific best practice.Protocol registration: Open Science Framework osf.io/mec93.