江苏省2010年O1群霍乱疫情分离株病原学特征分析

目的:分析2010年江苏省O1群霍乱疫情分离株病原学特征,为霍乱疫情分析及临床治疗提供实验室依据?方法:对2010年江苏省O1群霍乱疫情分离株进行毒力基因检测?ctxB基因序列分析?抗生素敏感性实验?脉冲场凝胶电泳分子分型分析?结果:2010年江苏省O1群霍乱疫情分离株均携带毒力基因ctxA?ace?zot? toxR? tcpI?ompU?rtxC?tcpAEL?hlyAEL,且CTXB氨基酸序列为古典型;对庆大霉素?诺氟沙星?环丙沙星100%敏感,对复方新诺明?链霉素100%耐药,且均为多重耐药株;除VC201014外,其余14株菌脉冲场凝胶电泳图谱相似度达100%?结论:2010年9月初至10月初,发生在江苏省徐州?淮安?宿迁?南京4个地市的O1群霍乱疫情可能是有关联的暴发流行,2010年8月底发生在连云港的O1群霍乱疫情是一起散发疫情,与上述四地的霍乱疫情可能没有流行病学关联,所有疫情的病原均为非典型埃尔托型霍乱弧菌,庆大霉素?诺氟沙星?环丙沙星可作为临床治疗的首选药物?     

Psychosocial Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Intentions for Young Women 18 to 26: Religiosity,Morality, Promiscuity,and Cancer Worry

ObjectivesTo determine whether five psychosocial variables, namely, religiosity, morality, perceived promiscuity, cancer worry frequency, and cancer worry severity, predict young women's intentions to receive the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination.MethodsFemale undergraduate students (n = 408) completed an online survey. Questions pertaining to hypothesized predictors were analyzed through bivariate correlations and hierarchical regression equations. Regressions examined whether the five psychosocial variables of interest predicted intentions to vaccinate above and beyond controls. Proposed interactions among predictor variables were also tested.ResultsStudy findings supported cancer worry as a direct predictor of HPV vaccination intention, and religiosity and sexual experience as moderators of the relationship between concerns of promiscuity reputation and intentions to vaccinate. One dimension of cancer worry (severity) emerged as a particularly robust predictor for this population.ConclusionsThis study provides support for several important, yet understudied, factors contributing to HPV vaccination intentions among college-aged women: cancer worry severity and religiosity. Future research should continue to assess the predictive contributions of these variables and evaluate how messages and campaigns to increase HPV vaccination uptake can utilize religious involvement and worry about cancer to promote more effectively HPV vaccination as a cancer prevention strategy.     

Sequence Type 4821 Clonal Complex Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis in China, 1978–2013

Serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis strains belonging to sequence type 4821 clonal complex (CC4821), a hyperinvasive lineage first identified for serogroup C in 2003, have been increasingly isolated in China. We characterized the outer membrane protein genes of 48 serogroup B and 214 serogroup C strains belonging to CC4821 and analyzed the genomic sequences of 22 strains. Four serogroup B strains had porin A (i.e., PorA), PorB, and ferric enterobactin transport (i.e., FetA) genotypes identical to those for serogroup C. Phylogenetic analysis of the genomic sequences showed that the 22 CC4821 strains from patients and healthy carriers were unevenly clustered into 2 closely related groups; each group contained serogroup B and C strains. Serogroup B strains appeared variable at the capsule locus, and several recombination events had occurred at uncertain breakpoints. These findings suggest that CC4821 serogroup C N. meningitidis is the probable origin of highly pathogenic CC4821 serogroup B strains.     

Molecular genetic analysis of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Eastern and Central Sudan using pvcsp and pvmsp-3α genes as molecular markers

In Sudan, Plasmodium vivax accounts for approximately 5–10% of malaria cases. This study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of P. vivax population from Sudan by analyzing the polymorphism of P. vivax csp (pvcsp) and pvmsp-3α genes. Blood samples (n = 76) were taken from suspected malaria cases from 2012–2013 in three health centers of Eastern and Central Sudan. Parasite detection was performed by microscopy and molecular techniques, and genotyping of both genes was performed by PCR-RFLP followed by DNA sequence for only pvcsp gene (n = 30). Based on microscopy analysis, 76 (%100) patients were infected with P. vivax, whereas nested-PCR results showed that 86.8% (n = 66), 3.9% (n = 3), and 3.9% (n = 3) of tested samples had P. vivax as well as Plasmodium falciparum mono- and mixed infections, respectively. Four out of 76 samples had no results in molecular diagnosis. All sequenced samples were found to be of VK210 (100%) genotype with six distinct amino acid haplotypes, and 210A (66.7%) was the most prevalent haplotype. The Sudanese isolates displayed variations in the peptide repeat motifs (PRMs) ranging from 17 to 19 with GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) and DDRAAGQPA (PRM3). Also, 54 polymorphic sites with 56 mutations were found in repeat and post-repeat regions of the pvcsp and the overall nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.02149 ± 0.00539. A negative value of dN − dS (−0.0344) was found that suggested a significant purifying selection of Sudanese pvcsp, (Z test, P < 0.05). Regarding pvmsp-3α, three types were detected: types A (94.6%, 52/55), type C (3.6%, 2/55), and type B (1.8%, 1/55). No multiclonal infections were detected, and RFLP analysis identified 13 (Hha I, A1-A11, B1, and C1) and 16 (Alu I, A1-A14, B1, and C1) distinct allelic forms. In conclusion, genetic investigation among Sudanese P. vivax isolates indicated that this antigen showed limited antigenic diversity.     

结核分枝杆菌Rv2941蛋白抗原表位集中区免疫原性研究

目的 分析结核分枝杆菌Rv2941抗原的T细胞表位集中区的免疫原性,探究其作为结核病疫苗候选抗原的潜力。方法 通过免疫表位数据库(Immune Epitope Database,IEDB)分析Rv2941抗原的T细胞表位区(命名为Rv2941p)并构建表达载体PET32a-Rv2941p,诱导表达并纯化Rv2941p。将其与免疫佐剂二甲基三十六烷基铵(DDA)和PolyI:C乳化后,皮下免疫BALB/c小鼠3次,每次免疫间隔10 d,末次免疫1周后处死小鼠,进行免疫效果评价。采用ELISA法检测免疫后小鼠血清中IgG、IgG1和IgG2a抗体滴度以及免疫后小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞分泌IL-4、IL-2、IL-6和IFN-γ的水平。同时,利用流式细胞技术检测淋巴细胞内CD4⁺T、CD8⁺T细胞增殖情况以及胞内细胞因子(IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-4)表达水平。结果 Rv2941p可溶性表达,并获得高纯度的蛋白。Rv2941p诱导产生了高水平的特异性抗体IgG,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。另外,Rv2941p提高了IgG2a/IgG1的比值。细胞因子检测结果显示,Rv2941p提高了IFN-γ和IL-6的分泌,与Ag85B组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。同时,Rv2941p可以促进CD4⁺和CD8⁺T细胞的增殖分化,以及提高胞内IFN-γ和TNF-α的表达。结论 Rv2941p可以刺激小鼠产生较高的体液和细胞免疫,尤其Th-1类细胞免疫,可以作为结核病疫苗候选抗原,为结核病新型疫苗的开发奠定了基础。     

五种布鲁氏菌核酸检测试剂盒检测性能的评价北大核心CSCD

目的比较5种布鲁氏菌核酸实时荧光PCR检测试剂盒的一致性和检出能力,为临床实验室选择检测方法和布鲁氏菌的诊断提供参考依据。方法选用经病原学检测确定为布鲁氏菌阳性的血液样本38份,健康人的血液样本24份,潘氏变形杆菌、溶藻弧菌、河弧菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌DNA各1份,使用5种试剂盒(编号A-E)分别进行核酸检测,比较5种试剂盒临床样本检测的一致性;选择1份阳性样本核酸用无RNA酶水梯度稀释得到5个浓度(浓度1:4453.13 fg/μL,浓度2:1113.28 fg/μL,浓度3:278.32 fg/μL,浓度4:69.58 fg/μL,浓度5:17.40 fg/μL),每个浓度使用5种试剂盒(编号A-E)分别进行3次检测,比较5种试剂盒的阳性检出率及批内重复性。结果5种试剂盒检测67份DNA样品的符合率稍有不同,试剂盒ABDE的符合率均为100%,试剂盒C的符合率为98.51%。批内重复性显示5种试剂盒在浓度1、浓度2、浓度3水平重复检测DNA的Ct值变异系数均<5%;在浓度1与浓度4梯度区间,试剂盒的阳性检出能力比较显示试剂盒A、B、D较高,为11/12,试剂盒C和E较低,为8/12。结论5种试剂盒的真实性和可靠性较好,灵敏度和符合率稍有差别,特异度均为100%;重复性较好,检测性能良好。部分试剂盒对弱阳性样本的检出能力不强,该类样本可使用多种试剂盒复核,以保障结果的准确性。     

布鲁氏菌微滴式数字PCR方法的建立与应用

目的 建立可对布鲁氏菌准确定量的微滴式数字PCR(Droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)方法。方法 使用以布鲁氏菌bscp31基因为靶标的引物和探针,摸索最佳的引物和探针工作浓度,确定反应体系和扩增条件,评价所建立方法的灵敏性、特异性及对疫情相关血液标本的检测效果。结果 ddPCR反应体系中最佳引物和探针浓度分别为0.8 μmol/L和0.4 μmol/L;最佳扩增条件:95 ℃ 10 min;95 ℃ 30 s,60 ℃ 1 min,循环40次;98 ℃酶失活10 min。布鲁氏菌核酸DNA为0.96 ng/反应~3.68 fg/反应时,ddPCR检出靶标基因拷贝数为2.00×10⁵拷贝/反应~1拷贝/反应,ddPCR测得值的对数值与DNA浓度的对数值有线性关系。在疫情相关血液标本DNA的检测中,ddPCR阳性率远高于培养法和试管凝集法;16份人血液标本中靶标基因浓度为5~65拷贝/mL血液(平均29拷贝/mL血液),5份羊血液标本中靶标基因浓度为25~245拷贝/mL血液(平均98拷贝/mL血液)。结论 ddPCR灵敏性高,可检测微量核酸DNA,适合临床血液标本的检测以及布病病原体的分子流行病学调查。     

单增李斯特菌质粒研究进展

单增李斯特菌是一种可引起李斯特菌病的重要食源性病原体,质粒在单增李斯特菌中分布广泛,这些质粒对宿主的环境适应能力、毒力以及耐药有一定的促进作用。基因组测序技术的发展为质粒的发现及功能研究提供了很好的基础。本文综述了单增李斯特菌质粒的分类、分布及其生物学功能研究进展。     

青藏高原藏羚羊粪便携带小双节RNA病毒调查分析的研究

目的 调查小双节RNA病毒(Picobirnavirus,PBV)在藏羚羊粪便中的携带情况,并对序列进行分析。方法 提取160份藏羚羊粪便样品总RNA,利用转录组测序得到藏羚羊PBV序列,并且采用巢式RT-PCR验证大于1 500 nt接近全长的序列。基于藏羚羊PBV的 RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, RdRp)氨基酸序列构建系统进化树;提取藏羚羊PBV起始密码子上游20个核苷酸,分析核糖体结合位点(ribosomal binding site,RBS)在5'非编码区(5'untranslated region, 5'UTR)的分布情况。结果 转录组测序结合巢式RT-PCR得到7份藏羚羊粪便携带分节段(8条segment 1和13条segment 2)和不分节段PBV(1条不分节段的PBV)。14条藏羚羊PBV RdRp核苷酸和氨基酸序列一致性为25.4%~97.7%和16.4%~98.2%。系统发育分析表明14条藏羚羊PBV序列处于分散分布,其中11条序列分散在基因I群(genogroup I,GI),3条分散在基因II群(genogroup I,GII),它们与亲缘关系最近的物种核苷酸和氨基酸序列一致性分别为52.3%~76.4%和50.9%~79.5%;藏羚羊与旱獭不分节段PBV分布于GII中,核苷酸序列一致性为47.6%,氨基酸序列一致性为45.8%。经比对发现有13条藏羚羊PBV的5'UTR存在RBS。结论 藏羚羊是PBV潜在宿主之一, 藏羚羊PBV序列具有高度遗传多样性。     

小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在中国家畜家禽间分布的研究

目的为了解中国小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在不同家畜、家禽中的分布规律,对不同地区家畜、家禽进行带菌状况调查。方法采集中国不同地区家畜、家禽咽拭子,肛拭子和粪便标本进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌分离培养,并对分离到的菌株进行血清分型、生物分型及毒力相关基因检测。结果猪中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌携带率最高为12.91%,其次为犬,携带率为9.80%,两者分离的致病性菌株所占比例分别为73.50%和59.44%。而其他动物中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌携带率较低,鸡、牛和羊分别为4.50%、2.78%和0.89%,且主要以非致病性菌株为主,分别占100%、94.44%和93.33%。结论首次在中国进行大规模家畜、家禽中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌分布调查。动物中小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌感染率存在较大物种差异和地域性分布特征,猪、犬是小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的主要储存宿主和传染源,而牛、羊、鸡、鸭等主要携带非致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,属于偶然宿主。