Curcumin attenuates spatial memory impairment by anti-oxidative,anti-apoptosis,and anti-inflammatory mechanism against methamphetamine neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats: Histological and biochemical changes

ObjectiveMethamphetamine is used extensively around the world as a psychostimulant. The complications related to methamphetamine include methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity, mainly involving intraneuronal processes, such as oxidative stress and excitotoxicity. Curcumin is effective against neuronal injury due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the protective effects of curcumin against methamphetamine neurotoxicity.MethodsSixty male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control (n = 12), DMSO (n = 12), methamphetamine (n = 12), and methamphetamine + curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, intraperitoneal [IP]; n = 12). Neurotoxicity was induced by 40 mg/kg of methamphetamine administrated through 4 injections (4 × 10 mg/kg, q2h, IP). Curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administered at 7 days after the last methamphetamine injection. By using a Morris water maze task, the hippocampus-dependent memory and spatial learning were evaluated 1 day after the last curcumin injection. Then, the animal brains were isolated for biochemical measurements, as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1(Iba-1) and caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe current study demonstrated that administration of curcumin significantly attenuates spatial memory impairment (P < 0.01) following methamphetamine neurotoxicity. Curcumin caused a significant increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05). However, it decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.01) levels as compared to the methamphetamine group. Also, curcumin significantly reduced Iba-1 (P < 0. 01), GFAP and caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampus (P < 0.001).ConclusionCurcumin exerted neuroprotective effects on methamphetamine neurotoxicity because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.     

双酚F暴露后对小鼠肝脏神经递质代谢的影响

目的：探讨双酚F（bisphenol F,BPF）对肝脏中色氨酸（tryptophan,TRP）及酪氨酸（tyrosine,TYR）代谢的影响,阐明其代谢稳态扰乱后神经递质的代谢特点。方法：SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠经灌胃给予不同浓度的BPF[40、400、4 000 μg/（kg·d）],连续灌胃30 d,通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/ MS）法观察BPF暴露后小鼠肝脏TRP、TYR来源神经递质代谢特点及水平的改变。结果：BPF暴露后引起小鼠肝脏TRP、TYR 水平下降,其中 TRP 代谢途径的神经递质 5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）水平明显下降,相反,犬尿氨酸（kynurenine, KYN）水平显著上升;TYR代谢途径中,TYR及其代谢产物多巴胺（dopamine,DA）水平显著下降;其他兴奋性神经递质如谷氨酸（glutamate,GLU）、γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）、天冬氨酸（aspartic acid,ASP）、甘氨酸（glycine,GLY）水平亦明显降低。结论：BPF暴露可抑制TRP、TYR及多个兴奋性神经递质的代谢,促进TRP通路中5-HT向KYN代谢转化,对肝脏神经递质代谢的探讨可为BPF持续暴露导致的肝脏及神经精神性病变提供依据。     

类风湿关节炎患者健康管理服务研究进展

类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)是一种常见的以关节破坏为特征的慢性炎症性自身免疫病,但在临床实践中,RA患者因缺乏就医条件及合适的健康管理服务,导致治疗达标率低。健康管理是对个体或群体的健康实现全面、全过程的健康保健服务。其中,慢性病健康管理能有效改善慢性病的治疗效果。而整合型卫生服务通过调整服务方式和协同机制,能在不增加或少增加卫生总投入的前提下,有效提高整体的卫生服务效率和服务质量。此文系统梳理国内外RA健康管理服务进展及慢性病整合型卫生服务经验,有望为开展RA患者健康管理提供思路。     

全球结核分枝杆菌谱系分布与耐药分析

  目的  绘制全球结核分枝杆菌复合群(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, MTBC)地理分布图,描述不同地区的MTBC主要谱系分布及耐药情况。  方法  利用TB-Profiler平台MTBC全基因组测序数据和耐药检测结果,绘制全球MTBC谱系分布图,并根据不同地域、亚谱系的层次结构进行可视化分析。  结果  Lineage 4谱系在全球分布最广,Lineage 2谱系耐药发生率最高。  结论  世界范围内MTBC谱系的地理分布及不同谱系间耐药情况存在差异。     

Construction and evaluation of an alcohol vapor chamber system

An increasing number of studies demonstrated that alcohol vapor chamber is an effective way to model physical signs of alcohol use disorders. Although researchers are developing different vapor chambers to study chronic alcohol exposure model worldwide, few studies build and modify their own vapor chambers in China. Here, we designed and established an alcohol vapor chamber system for small animals. We described a paradigm showing how to control and monitor alcohol concentration in whole system. The vapor chamber system with several advantages including accommodating up to ten standard mouse cages. Furthermore, the system was tested by evaluating the blood alcohol concentration and neuron injury in mice. Importantly, the alcohol withdrawal after vapor exposure caused motor coordination impairment, anxiolytic- and depression-like behavior. Finally, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated glutamatergic transmissions in the medial prefrontal cortex was changed after alcohol vapor exposure-induced behaviors. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents between control and alcohol groups were not different, suggesting that alcohol exposure-induced behaviors are associated with the change in NMDAR response. Taken together, the new alcohol vapor chamber system was constructed, which would help to research the relationship between the stable alcohol exposure and withdrawal behaviors and to study chronic alcohol exposure-induced disorders in China.     

Washed microbiota transplantation stopped the deterioration of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The first case report and narrative review

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is known as a progressive paralysis disorder characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, and has an average survival time of three to five years. Growing evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gut microbiota and neurodegeneration. Here we aimed to report one female case with ALS, who benefited from washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), an improved fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), through a transendoscopic enteral tube during a 12-month follow-up. Notedly, the accidental scalp trauma the patient suffered later was treated with prescribed antibiotics that caused ALS deterioration. The subsequent rescue WMTs successfully stopped the progression of the disease with a quick improvement. The plateaus and reversals occurred during the whole course of WMT. The stool and blood samples from the first WMT to the last were collected for dynamic microbial and metabolomic analysis. We observed the microbial and metabolomic changing trend consistent with the disease status. This case report for the first time shows the direct clinical evidence on using WMT for treating ALS, indicating that WMT may be the novel treatment strategy for controlling this so-called incurable disease.     

新型枢椎椎板钉导向器的应用研究

目的:通过体外试验探讨新型枢椎椎板钉导向器的安全性及准确性。方法:选取2018年1月至2018年6月行颈椎三维CT的患者40例,男21例,女19例;身高165～180(172.9±9.5) cm,年龄38～55(51.1±12.8)岁,排除枢椎椎板缺损及发育不全患者。每例患者的颈椎三维CT数据制作两套3D打印标本,共80个颈椎标本,均用于体外置钉试验。根据置钉方式的不同,体外试验部分分为导向器置钉组40个和徒手置钉组40个。同时,在计算机上重建出该40例患者的颈椎三维模型,通过计算机模拟置钉,得到理想出针点数据与理想内倾角度,此为3D模拟置钉组(理想钉道),40例。在体外试验中,分别测量导向器置钉组、徒手置钉组置入螺钉的位置危险等级、出针点位置及内倾角度。并以出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度为基准,将导向器置钉组、徒手置钉组与3D模拟置钉组数据对比,并将各组数据行统计学分析以确定准确性。结果:导向组螺钉位置可接受的为75例,位置危险的为5例,可接受率为94%,双皮质率为93%。徒手组螺钉位置可接受为62例,位置危险为18例,可接受率为78%,双皮质率33%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。导向器置钉组与3D模拟置钉组的出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),徒手置钉组与3D模拟置钉组出针点精确性及钉道内倾角度比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:本导向器为通用型,结构稳定,导向精确,操作简便,可同时置入双侧椎板钉,缩短置钉时间,同时可有效避免双向交叉螺钉的碰撞,增加双皮质率,有效提高枢椎椎板钉置钉的效率和安全性。     

中国9个长寿地区65岁及以上人群氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关联研究

目的探讨我国长寿地区65岁及以上老年人氧化应激水平与高甘油三酯血症的关系。方法研究对象来源于2017-2018年“老年健康生物标志物队列研究”,最终将我国9个长寿地区2393名65岁及以上老年人群纳入研究。通过问卷调查和体格检测,收集调查对象的人口学特征、生活方式及健康状况等信息,同时采集调查对象的静脉血以检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及甘油三酯水平。采用限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析MDA、SOD与甘油三酯的关联,采用广义线性混合效应模型分析氧化应激与高甘油三酯血症的关联。结果2393例调查对象年龄为(84.6±11.3)岁,最小65岁,最大112岁;男性1145名(47.9%);甘油三酯水平为(1.4±0.8)mmol/L,高甘油三酯血症检出率为9.99%(239名)。限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析结果显示,MDA水平与甘油三酯水平呈线性关联;SOD水平与与甘油三酯水平呈非线性关联。广义线性混合效应模型分析结果显示,调整相关混杂因素后,MDA每升高1 nmol/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险增加[OR(95%CI)值为1.063(1.046,1.081)];SOD每升高1 U/ml,高甘油三酯血症检出风险降低[OR(95%CI)值分别为0.986(0.983,0.989)]。结论我国9个长寿地区65岁及以上老年人MDA和SOD水平与高甘油三酯血症发生风险有关联。     

时间序列模型应用于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情预测效果比较研究

目的比较常见时间序列模型应用于新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情预测的效果。方法收集2020年4月1日至9月30日美国、印度和巴西3个国家COVID-19每日确诊病例数,分别建立差分自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型和循环神经网络(RNN)模型,使用平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)和均方根误差(RMSE)等指标,比较不同模型预测9月21-30日确诊病例的表现。结果应用ARIMA模型预测美国、印度和巴西疫情的MAPE分别为13.18%、9.18%和17.30%,RMSE分别为6542.32、8069.50和3954.59;应用RNN模型预测美国、印度和巴西疫情的MAPE分别为15.27%、7.23%和26.02%,RMSE分别为6877.71、6457.07和5950.88。结论ARIMA和RNN模型的COVID-19预测效果存在地区差异,ARIMA模型的预测效果在美国和巴西较优,而RNN模型的预测效果在印度较优。     

中国国家出生队列研究质量控制策略与措施

出生队列是研究孕前和孕期各种环境暴露因素与胎儿、婴幼儿、青少年健康之间关系的有效方法。出生队列建设周期长、环节众多,研究质量可能受到多种因素的影响。本文对中国国家出生队列建设过程中的各项质量保证和质量控制措施进行梳理,归纳总结建设经验。以期为相关队列研究提供经验,减少相关因素对队列研究的影响,提升队列研究质量。中国国家出生队列在质量保证的顶层设计方面采取一系列措施保障研究质量,包括研究中心筛选、成员管理系统开发、标准化操作流程制定及工作人员规范化培训;在质量控制方面,包括针对队列数据产生过程的实时、及时、定时质控,针对生物样本采集、处理及保存的全周期质控,以及针对参与工作人员的培训、督查和量化考核的全面立体质控。