Immune responses against hepatitis C virus genotype 3a virus-like particles in mice: A novel VLP prime-adenovirus boost strategy

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a major health threat to global population. In India, approximately 15–20% of cases of chronic liver diseases are caused by HCV infection. Although, new drug treatments hold great promise for HCV eradication in infected individuals, the treatments are highly expensive. A vaccine for preventing or treating HCV infection would be of great value, particularly in developing countries. Several preclinical trials of virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccine strategies are in progress throughout the world. Previously, using baculovirus based system, we have reported the production of hepatitis C virus-like particles (HCV-LPs) encoding structural proteins for genotype 3a, which is prevalent in India. In the present study, we have generated HCV-LPs using adenovirus based system and tried different immunization strategies by using combinations of both kinds of HCV-LPs with other genotype 3a-based immunogens. HCV-LPs and peptides based ELISAs were used to evaluate antibody responses generated by these combinations. Cell-mediated immune responses were measured by using T-cell proliferation assay and intracellular cytokine staining. We observed that administration of recombinant adenoviruses expressing HCV structural proteins as final booster enhances both antibody as well as T-cell responses. Additionally, reduction of binding of VLP and JFH1 virus to human hepatocellular carcinoma cells demonstrated the presence of neutralizing antibodies in immunized sera. Taken together, our results suggest that the combined regimen of VLP followed by recombinant adenovirus could more effectively inhibit HCV infection, endorsing the novel vaccine strategy.     

营养干预对学生知识行为及超重肥胖的影响

目的 在“营养校园”试点学校进行为期一年的营养干预,分析评价干预效果。方法 在石家庄新华区选取一所小学和一所初中进行干预,从三、五、七年级中分别随机抽取2个班级的学生在干预前后进行调查。干预方法包括开展营养健康教育、促进身体活动、科学营养供餐支持等综合措施,通过问卷和体格测量调查学生干预前后的营养知识、饮食行为及超重肥胖变化情况。结果 干预后,营养知识题目的正确率显著提高（χ2=613.737,P<0.001）,总体正确率为59.8%。学生早餐食物种类（χ2=19.841,P<0.001）和早餐摄入频率（χ2=5.405,P<0.05）均有显著改善。总体超重肥胖率未见显著改善,按性别、年级分层分析发现,女生超重肥胖率降低（χ2=1.891,P<0.05）,5年级（χ2=4.923,P<0.05）和7年级（χ2=10.563,P<0.01）学生超重肥胖率降低,且高年级学生降幅更明显。结论 以校园为基础开展综合营养干预措施,可以提高学生的营养知识水平,并改善学生的不良饮食行为及超重肥胖现状。     

Whole genome alignment based one-step real-time RT-PCR for universal detection of avian orthoreoviruses of chicken,pheasant and turkey origins

Newly emerging avian orthoreovirus (ARV) variants have been continuously detected in Pennsylvania poultry since 2011. In this paper, we report our recent diagnostic assay development of one-step real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) for the rapid and universal detection of all ARVs or reference strains of chicken, pheasant and turkey origins and six σC genotypes of the newly emerging field ARV variants in Pennsylvania (PA) poultry. Primers and probes for the rRT-PCR were designed from the conserved region of the M1 genome segment 5′ end based on the whole-genome alignment of various ARV strains, including six field variants or novel strains obtained in PA poultry. The detection limit of the newly developed rRT-PCR for ARV was as low as 10 copies/reaction of viral RNA, and 10^0.50–10^0.88 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID₅₀)/100 μL of viruses. This new rRT-PCR detected all six σC genotypes from the 66 ARV field variant strains and reference strains tested in this study. There were no cross-reactions with other avian viruses. Reproducibility of the assay was confirmed by intra- and inter-assay tests with variability from 0.12% to 2.19%. Sensitivity and specificity of this new rRT-PCR for ARV were achieved at 100% and 88%, respectively, in comparison with virus isolation as the “gold standard” in testing poultry tissue specimen.     

河北省1989－2013年HIV/AIDS死亡与HAART关系的分析

目的 了解河北省HIV/AIDS的HAART效果。方法 以1989－2013年全省报告的4 148例HIV/AIDS进行研究, 对发现的HIV/AIDS定期随访、检测CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数、登记死亡。自2003年开始, 对符合HAART条件的HIV/AIDS实施免费治疗。观察截止日期为2013年12月31日。结果 4 148例HIV/AIDS, 观察12 451.48人年, 全死因死亡968例, 死亡密度7.77/100人年, 其中接受HAART者死亡密度为2.87/100人年, 未接受HAART者死亡密度为16.58/100人年, 后者是前者的5.77倍。对1 894例AIDS, 自发病之日至观察截止日, 观察4 774.48人年, 全死因死亡581例, 死亡密度121.69/100人年, 其中参加HAART者死亡密度4.77/100人年, 未参加HAART者死亡密度125.92/100人年。CD₄⁺T淋巴细胞计数<200 cells/mm³组的死亡密度由不接受HAART治疗的22.9/100人年降至接受HAART治疗的5.3/100人年。通过年度分析发现, 随着HIV/AIDS人群HAART覆盖率逐年提高, 人群的全死因死亡率逐年下降。HIV人群HAART覆盖率提高, 可降低未参加HAART的HIV感染者的死亡率。结论 进一步扩大抗病毒治疗覆盖面, 可有效减少HIV/AIDS的死亡。     

中国成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征

目的描述中国双生子登记系统(CNTR)成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征, 初步探索遗传和环境因素对高脂血症的影响。方法研究对象来自CNTR在全国11个项目地区募集的双生子, 纳入成年且具有高脂血症信息的69 130名(34 565对)双生子进行分析。采用随机效应模型描述高脂血症的人群、地区分布特征。分别计算不同卵型双生子的高脂血症同病率, 估算遗传度。结果研究对象年龄为(34.2±12.4)岁。双生子人群高脂血症患病率为1.3%(895/69 130)。男性、年长、城镇、已婚、大专及以上文化程度、超重、肥胖、体力活动不足、当前吸烟和曾经吸烟、当前饮酒和曾经饮酒人群中高脂血症患病率较高。双生子对内分析发现, 同卵双生子高脂血症同病率为29.1%(118/405), 高于异卵双生子的18.1%(57/315), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同年龄、地区及性别分层中, 同卵双生子同病率仍呈现高于异卵双生子的趋势。进一步同性别双生子对内分析发现, 在北方组和女性组中, 高脂血症遗传度分别为13.04%(95%CI:2.61%～23.47%)、18.59%(95%CI:4.43%～3...     

Vaccines and the risk of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis

BackgroundIt is important to examine the risk of Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) after vaccination.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study between January 2011 and December 2015. Four controls per case were matched for age, gender, address. An independent expert committee validated the diagnoses of cases and controls. Data on vaccinations were obtained from computerized vaccination records. The analyses were conducted with the use of conditional logistic regression.ResultsThe analyses include 272 cases of ADEM and 1096 controls. No increase in the risk of ADEM was observed for vaccination against hepatitis B, influenza, polio(live), diphtheria, pertuss(acellular), tetanusis, measles, mumps, rubella, Japanese Encephalitis, meningitis, hepatitis A, varicella and rabies vaccines. Vaccine was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk in the 31–60-day exposure interval (OR, 4.04 [95% CI, 1.07–12.69]), but not the 0–30 and 61–180-day interval. There was no association between vaccine received and the recurrence of ADEM.ConclusionsFindings from the present study do not demonstrate an association of vaccines with an increased risk of ADEM and its recurrence among either paediatric (≤18 years) or adult (>18 years) individuals within the 180 days after vaccinations. The finding in children in the 31–60 day risk interval is likely coincidental and was not confirmed in separate self-control analyses.     

2012-2016年河北省5岁以下腹泻患儿轮状病毒感染情况及流行特征分析

目的 了解2012-2016年河北省5岁以下腹泻患儿轮状病毒流行病学特点和基因型别。方法 收集河北省病毒性腹泻监测哨点医院2012年1月-2016年12月0~59月龄腹泻患儿粪便标本1 614份。采用ELISA方法检测轮状病毒抗原,阳性标本采用RT-PCR法进行分型鉴定。采用SPSS 20.0软件对腹泻患儿轮状病毒的感染情况及流行特征进行分析。结果 1 614份标本轮状病毒抗原阳性率为45.23%(730/1 614),男女阳性率分别为42.96%(412/959)、48.55%(318/655),男女患儿差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.906,P=0.027)。轮状病毒感染呈现明显的季节性分布,秋冬季(11月-次年3月)检出率最高。轮状病毒感染在0~59月龄均有发生,集中在3~35月龄,占全部的96.44%,且随月龄增长呈现先升高后降低趋势,不同年龄组患儿中轮状病毒阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ² =94.369,P=0.000)。730例轮状病毒阳性标本在2012-2016年均以G9血清型为主,所占比例呈逐年上升趋势,P分型以P[8]为主。G/P组合以G9P[8]为主,占70.14%,其次为G2P[4],占7.53%。结论 2012-2016年,轮状病毒是河北地区5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的主要病原,秋冬季高发,G9P[8]为该地区的流行株。     

河北省2011-2015年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析

目的 分析河北省2011-2015年流行性乙型脑炎(JE)的流行病学特征,为有效控制乙脑提供科学依据。 方法 采用描述性流行病学分析方法,对乙脑监测管理系统信息、个案调查资料进行综合分析。 结果 河北省2011-2015年共报告乙脑病例272例,死亡3例,年均发病率0.075/10万,年均死亡率为0.001/10万,病死率为1.10%。其中2013年乙脑发病234例,发病率达到0.32/10万。病例散发且相对集中在河北省中南部地区的石家庄(44.49%)、衡水(19.85%)、邢台(11.76%);乙脑发病季节性明显,10月达到高峰(占68.01%);病例主要集中在15岁以上人群,占病例总数的73.90%;有免疫史的占11.74%,无免疫史和免疫史不详的分别占31.74%、56.52%。 结论 河北省2011-2015年乙脑发病率维持在较低水平。2013年出现乙脑发病高峰,乙脑发病年龄明显后移,需加强防控措施。     

柠檬酸活化二氧化氯消毒剂部分性能试验观察

一种固液二元制剂二氧化氯用柠檬酸活化而成,为研究其杀菌效果及其它消毒性能,采用载体定量杀菌试验进行了试验观察。结果,分别以含二氧化氯400 mg/L和500 mg/L的该消毒剂溶液对载体上大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作用10 m in,各次试验杀灭率均达100%。以含二氧化氯1000 mg/L该消毒剂对枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢和白色念珠菌分别作用20 m in和10 m in,各次试验杀灭率均达100%。有机物的存在对该消毒剂杀灭枯草杆菌黑色变种芽孢有轻度影响。该二氧化氯消毒剂密封包装于54℃恒温箱内放置14 d,二氧化氯含量平均下降率为0.88%。结论,该二氧化氯消毒剂有较强的杀菌效果,性能稳定。