2011—2020年呼和浩特市流行性腮腺炎流行特征分析

目的 分析呼和浩特市2011—2020年流行性腮腺炎(流腮)流行病学特征,为制定有针对性防控措施提供参考依据。方法 对呼和浩特市2011—2020年流行性腮腺炎的发病数据进行监测分析,描述其分布及趋势。 呼和浩特市2011—2020年共报告流腮病例6 176例,年均发病率20.60/10万,其中2012年发病率最高为40.17/10万,2020年发病率最低为7.08/10万,2012年和2020年发病率差异有统计学意义(χ2=717.641,P<0.001),10年间流腮发病呈波动下降趋势。流腮发病具有明显季节性,11月至次年1月和4—7月出现2个发病高峰。年龄分布以儿童和青少年为主,占总病例数60.83%。流腮病例最多人群是学生,占总病例数的61.08%。 流腮暴发疫情主要发生在中小学校,应加强儿童入托、入学预防接种证查验和流腮疫苗查漏补种工作,必要时开展6～15岁学生为目标人群的应急接种。     

内蒙古自治区不同生态系鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行现状及流行风险简析

内蒙古面临着多种类型疫源地鼠疫流行和复燃的风险。蒙古旱獭疫源地虽然暂未在国内发现动物间鼠疫流行,但过去检出过阳性血清,同时蒙古旱獭种群数量持续增加且分布范围不断扩大,毗邻的蒙古国和俄罗斯联邦的蒙古旱獭疫源地动物间鼠疫持续流行;达乌尔黄鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫时隐时现;长爪沙鼠疫源地动物间鼠疫流行猛烈,并频频波及人间。由于蒙古旱獭和达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫耶尔森菌菌株毒力明显高于长爪沙鼠鼠疫耶尔森菌菌株,且在历史上曾给当地带来深重灾难,因此内蒙古自治区鼠疫防控重点应在常规鼠疫监测的基础上,进一步加强蒙古旱獭和达乌尔黄鼠疫源地流行动态的监测,警惕该两个疫源地复燃并波及人间。     

A nationwide post-marketing survey of knowledge,attitude and practice toward human papillomavirus vaccine in general population: Implications for vaccine roll-out in mainland China

BackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been increasingly discussed in mainland China since its first approval in 2016. To date, nearly all studies assessing HPV vaccine perceptions and attitudes were implemented during pre-licensure period. Therefore, the nationwide post-marketing survey was conducted to update knowledge, attitudes and practice on HPV vaccine among general population in mainland China.MethodsParticipants aged 18–45 years living in mainland China were recruited in April 2019 by multi-stage non-randomized sampling. Sociodemographic factors, HPV and HPV vaccine related awareness, knowledge, attitudes, vaccine uptake and potential obstacles were assessed in questionnaires. Bivariate analysis and multivariate regression were used to identify disparity among subgroups with different sociodemographic characteristics.Results4,000 women (32.1 ± 7.81y) and 1,000 men (31.8 ± 7.96y) were included in final analysis. Less than one third of participants had heard of HPV (female: 31%; male: 22%) and HPV vaccine (female: 34%; male: 23%). Knowledge score was also unfavorable on HPV (female: 3 out of 13; male: 1.8 out of 13) and HPV vaccine (female: 3 out of 6; male: 2 out of 5). Only 3% females had been vaccinated three years after HPV licensure in China, although willingness to get vaccinated among those unvaccinated were high (mean willingness score ± SD: female: 3.3 ± 0.97; male: 3.0 ± 0.98). Industry of employment and household income were the major factors related to awareness and knowledge of vaccine, whereas HPV and HPV vaccine awareness were key influential factors for willingness. The main obstacles of vaccination were safety concerns, lack of knowledge, and high price of HPV vaccines.ConclusionsFindings highlight a lack of vaccine awareness, knowledge, and poor uptake in mainland China and underscore the necessity of health education campaigns. The identified priority groups, contents to be delivered and practical obstacles could furthermore provide insight into health education to reduce disparities and accelerate HPV vaccine roll-out in China.     

内蒙古地区学生肥胖现状及影响因素分析

  目的  了解内蒙古地区学生肥胖现状及其与饮食、运动、心理等方面的关系,为制定该地区学生肥胖干预措施提供科学依据。  方法  采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取内蒙古自治区全部12个盟市、103个旗县区的186 649名学生。按中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准对调查对象进行分组,采用χ2检验进行单因素分析,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归模型筛选肥胖有关因素。  结果  学生总体肥胖率为18.54%,男生肥胖率为22.04%,女生为14.99%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,监测点(OR=0.79)、性别(OR=0.61)、每日吃油炸食品次数(OR=1.08)、每周每日运动超过60 min＞2 d(OR=0.89)、是否每天吃早餐(OR=0.86)、每日喝饮料次数(OR=1.12)、吸烟(OR=0.87)、饮酒(OR=1.07)、每日吃水果次数(OR=1.07)、每日看电视≥2 h(OR=1.06)、睡眠时间(OR=0.93)以及学段可能与学生肥胖有关(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  内蒙古地区学生总体肥胖率较高,学生肥胖的发生与饮食运动行为、生活习惯及心理因素有关。应采取针对性干预措施控制学生肥胖的发生。     

饮水中低浓度甲基汞对小鼠仔代生长发育及神经行为的影响

[目的]ICR小鼠通过饮水暴露于低浓度氯化甲基汞(MeHgCl),观察其子代生长发育和行为及可能产生的毒作用。[方法]ICR孕鼠随机分为对照组、低浓度组(0.01mg/L)和高浓度组(0.1mg/L),于怀孕第6天起分别自由饮用蒸馏水、氯化甲基汞含量为0.01mg/L、0.1mg/L的蒸馏水直至哺乳期结束,观察母鼠和仔鼠的一般状况、仔鼠的早期发育、行为反射和学习认知能力等指标。[结果]在低浓度甲基汞作用下(相当于饮用水汞卫生标准8倍和80倍水平),亲仔两代均未出现明显的毒性反应。染毒组仔鼠的各项神经发育指标与对照组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05),但是仔鼠的学习能力显著降低(P<0.05)。[结论]在饮水中低浓度甲基汞虽然对子代的生长和行为发育没有明显的损害,但是子代的学习能力已受影响。     

Genome-wide association meta-analyses identified 1q43 and 2q32.2 for hip Ward's triangle areal bone mineral density

Aiming to identify genomic variants associated with osteoporosis, we performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of bone mineral density (BMD) at Ward's triangle of the hip in 7175 subjects from 6 samples. We performed in silico replications with femoral neck, trochanter, and inter-trochanter BMDs in 6912 subjects from the Framingham heart study (FHS), and with forearm, femoral neck and lumbar spine BMDs in 32965 subjects from the GEFOS summary results. Combining the evidence from all samples, we identified 2 novel loci for areal BMD: 1q43 (rs1414660, discovery p = 1.20 × 10^− 8, FHS p = 0.05 for trochanter BMD; rs9287237, discovery p = 3.55 × 10^− 7, FHS p = 9.20 × 10^− 3 for trochanter BMD, GEFOS p = 0.02 for forearm BMD, nearest gene FMN2) and 2q32.2 (rs56346965, discovery p = 7.48 × 10^− 7, FHS p = 0.10 for inter-trochanter BMD, GEFOS p = 0.02 for spine BMD, nearest gene NAB1). The two lead SNPs rs1414660 and rs56346965 are eQTL sites for the genes GREM2 and NAB1 respectively. Functional annotation of GREM2 and NAB1 illustrated their involvement in BMP signaling pathway and in bone development. We also replicated three previously reported loci: 5q14.3 (rs10037512, discovery p = 3.09 × 10^− 6, FHS p = 8.50 × 10^− 3, GEFOS p = 1.23 × 10^− 24 for femoral neck BMD, nearest gene MEF2C), 6q25.1 (rs3020340, discovery p = 1.64 × 10^− 6, GEFOS p = 1.69 × 10^− 3 for SPN-BMD, nearest gene ESR1) and 7q21.3 (rs13310130, discovery p = 8.79 × 10^− 7, GEFOS p = 2.61 × 10^− 7 for spine BMD, nearest gene SHFM1). Our findings provide additional insights that further enhance our understanding of bone development, osteoporosis, and fracture pathogenesis.     

S1PR1 expression correlates with inflammatory responses to Newcastle disease virus infection

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causative agent of Newcastle disease, which is characterized by inflammatory pathological changes in the organs of chickens. The inflammatory response to this disease has not been well characterized. Previous reports showed that the sphingosine-1-phosphate-1 receptor (S1PR1), a G protein-coupled receptor, is important to the activation of inflammatory responses. To understand better the viral pathogenesis and host inflammatory response, we analyzed S1PR1 expression during NDV infection. We observed a direct correlation between chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cellular inflammatory responses and S1PR1 expression. Virulent NDV-infected CEF cells also had elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-18). When S1PR1 was inhibited by using the specific antagonist W146, pro-inflammatory cytokine production declined. Overexpression of S1PR1 resulted in increased virus-induced IL-1β production. S1PR1 expression levels did not impact significantly NDV replication. These findings highlight the important role of S1PR1 in inflammatory responses in NDV infection.     

五种布鲁氏菌核酸检测试剂盒检测性能的评价北大核心CSCD

目的比较5种布鲁氏菌核酸实时荧光PCR检测试剂盒的一致性和检出能力,为临床实验室选择检测方法和布鲁氏菌的诊断提供参考依据。方法选用经病原学检测确定为布鲁氏菌阳性的血液样本38份,健康人的血液样本24份,潘氏变形杆菌、溶藻弧菌、河弧菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌DNA各1份,使用5种试剂盒(编号A-E)分别进行核酸检测,比较5种试剂盒临床样本检测的一致性;选择1份阳性样本核酸用无RNA酶水梯度稀释得到5个浓度(浓度1:4453.13 fg/μL,浓度2:1113.28 fg/μL,浓度3:278.32 fg/μL,浓度4:69.58 fg/μL,浓度5:17.40 fg/μL),每个浓度使用5种试剂盒(编号A-E)分别进行3次检测,比较5种试剂盒的阳性检出率及批内重复性。结果5种试剂盒检测67份DNA样品的符合率稍有不同,试剂盒ABDE的符合率均为100%,试剂盒C的符合率为98.51%。批内重复性显示5种试剂盒在浓度1、浓度2、浓度3水平重复检测DNA的Ct值变异系数均<5%;在浓度1与浓度4梯度区间,试剂盒的阳性检出能力比较显示试剂盒A、B、D较高,为11/12,试剂盒C和E较低,为8/12。结论5种试剂盒的真实性和可靠性较好,灵敏度和符合率稍有差别,特异度均为100%;重复性较好,检测性能良好。部分试剂盒对弱阳性样本的检出能力不强,该类样本可使用多种试剂盒复核,以保障结果的准确性。     

巴彦乌拉铀矿周围饮用井水中总放射性水平调查

目的 调查巴彦乌拉铀矿周围饮用井水中总放射性水平。方法 采集2020年巴彦乌拉铀矿周围枯水期和丰水期饮用井水174份,以及居民家中经过滤后的饮用井水5份。分析枯水期和丰水期总α和总β放射性水平是否存在差异,总放射性水平与距离铀矿中心不同位置的关系,并对居民家中过滤后的饮用井水进行放射性水平调查。采用低本底α、β放射性测量仪测量分析其放射性水平。结果 巴彦乌拉铀矿周围饮用井水中,枯水期总α范围为0.024~ 2.468 Bq/L, 平均为(0.605±0.507)Bq/L,总β变化范围为0.125~1.395 Bq/L,平均为(0.420±0.235)Bq/L。丰水期总α变化范围为0.049~2.988 Bq/L,平均为(0.825±0.605)Bq/L,总β变化范围为0.059~1.623 Bq/L,平均为(0.506±0.265)Bq/L。距离铀矿中心位置水样的总放射性水平均值关系为10 km>30 km>20 km。结论 巴彦乌拉铀矿周围饮用井水中的放射性活度偏高,丰水期水样中总α、总β放射性水平均大于枯水期,放射性水平较未开采前未见升高。     

2014－2018年内蒙古自治区杭锦后旗居民死亡趋势及主要慢性病早死概率分析

  目的  分析内蒙古自治区（内蒙古）巴彦淖尔市杭锦后旗居民死亡原因和变化趋势,以及四类主要慢性病的早死概率及变化趋势,为疾病预防和控制措施提供科学依据。  方法  收集2014 — 2018年杭锦后旗居民死因资料,根据国际疾病分类（ICD-10）对根本死因进行分类和编码,通过Excel 2010及SPSS 24.0软件计算粗死亡率、标化死亡率、死因构成比和早死概率等指标;趋势分析采用趋势χ2分析,率的比较采用χ2检验。  结果  2014 — 2018年杭锦后旗居民粗死亡率为558.31/10万,标化死亡率为554.52/10万,男性、女性和全人群粗死亡率及标化死亡率均呈上升趋势;男性粗死亡率和标化死亡率均高于女性。 前5位死因依次为心脏病（203.30/10万）、恶性肿瘤（122.26/10万）、脑血管疾病（96.97/10万）、损伤和中毒（34.02/10万）和呼吸系统疾病（13.22/10万）,共占总死亡的84.14%。 各年龄组死亡率均呈上升趋势,45～64岁年龄组死亡率上升趋势有统计学意义（趋势χ2=9.29,P< 0.05）;死亡主要集中于≥45岁年龄组,占比92.65%。 四类主要慢性病早死概率总体呈上升趋势（趋势χ2=13.30,P<0.001）;男性主要慢性病早死概率均高于女性（P< 0.05）。 砷中毒病区主要死因标化死亡率高于全旗总人群（P< 0.001）,死因顺位前4位与全旗人群相同。  结论  2014 — 2018年杭锦后旗居民死亡呈上升趋势,心脑血管疾病与恶性肿瘤已成为该地区居民死亡的主要原因。 应通过加强慢性病的三级预防等工作,降低慢性病的早死概率,提高居民的健康寿命和生存质量。