Insecticide and fungicide effect on thermal and olfactory behavior of bees and their disappearance in bees’ tissues

Plant protection products may affect the behavior of organisms which are not a target of control. The effect of Karate Zeon 050 CS (λ-Cyhalothrin -based insecticide; λ-CBI) and Amistar 250 SC (Azoxystrobin-based fungicide; ABF) was determined on Apis mellifera worker attraction towards their own colony odour, along with temperature preferences. Bees exposed to pesticides prefer the environment with the odour of their nest less often than the control group, and that insecticide-treated bees chose warmer environments than the control insects. The observed differences in the bees, especially with attraction towards their own colony, were dependent on the time of day. Chromatographic analyses indicated that λ-Cyhalothrin elimination was half that of Azoxystrobin in bee organisms, and both agents retarded each other’s clearance. Mathematical modeling estimated that despite a relatively high disappearance rate, both compounds might have been bio-accumulated at relatively high level.     

TLD质量核查调强放射治疗非均匀野剂量方法

目的核查放射治疗计划系统(TPS)计算病人治疗剂量的非均匀野剂量校正。方法将插有TLD的聚苯乙烯固体模体,聚苯乙烯/肺固体模体,聚苯乙烯/骨固体模体分别经CT扫描,影像分别传入TPS并计算高能X射线下监督单位数,使传递给中心束轴TLD剂量为2 Gy。在高能X射线下完成TLD照射,照射后的TLD经测量、剂量计算,D(TLD)与D(TPS)剂量比值在0.95~1.05范围为可接受范围。结果核查结果表明,光子线束均匀模体轴上(P)剂量和非均匀骨模体轴上(BP)剂量核查结果较好。非均匀肺模体轴上(LP)和离轴(LL)剂量核查结果误差很大。结论光子线束非均匀性剂量校正在放射治疗中是非常重要,尤其是肺组织。校正不当,对于肺组织剂量误差也可达到11.1%,离轴情况下更多达18.4%。对于骨组织剂量误差较小。     

五省市部分放射工作人员体检白细胞计数分析

目的比较不同放射工作人员的白细胞水平与一般人群的差异,并探索可能的影响因素。方法采用五个省(市)2011年、2012年和2013年的放射工作人员健康体检数据,与一般人群白细胞计数正常值进行比较,采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析的方法,研究不同因素对放射工作人员白细胞计数的影响。结果本研究确认符合要求的研究对象共7314人,其中男性5595人(76.50%),女性1719人(23.50%),平均年龄为(37.71±10.14)岁,白细胞计数均值为(6.29±1.60)×109/L,一般人群白细胞计数为(6.50±1.53)×109/L,放射工作人员白细胞计数较一般人群低3.23%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。女性的白细胞计数低于男性,且在年龄小于50岁的人群中,白细胞计数有随年龄增加而减少的趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同省市体检机构的放射工作人员白细胞计数也不同,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,在调整年龄、性别和地区因素后,不同职业照射类别人员的白细胞计数之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论放射工作人员白细胞计数在正常医学参考值范围内,但低于一般人群,可能与性别、年龄和不同地区体检机构之间的差异有关,尚不能认为与职业照射类别有关,需要进一步研究。     

The organochlorine p,p′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane induces colorectal cancer growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling

Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), an organochlorine pollutant, is associated with several types of cancer. However, the relationship between DDT and colorectal cancer is uncertain. In this study, the impact of p,p′-DDT on colorectal cancer growth was evaluated using both in vitro and in vivo models. Our results indicated that the proliferation of human colorectal adenocarcinoma DLD1 cells was significantly promoted after exposed to low concentrations of p,p′-DDT ranging from 10⁻¹² to 10⁻⁷ M for 96 h. Exposure to p,p′-DDT from 10⁻¹⁰ to 10⁻⁸ M led to upregulation of phospho-GSK3β (Ser9), β-catenin, c-Myc and cyclin D1 in DLD1 cells. RNA interference of β-catenin inhibited the proliferation of DLD1 cells stimulated by p,p′-DDT. Inhibiting of estrogen receptors (ERs) had no significant effect on the action of p,p′-DDT. Treatment with p,p′-DDT induced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in DLD1 cells. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS inhibitor, suppressed the induction of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and DLD1 cell proliferation by p,p′-DDT. Moreover, in a mouse xenograft model, 5 nmol/kg p,p′-DDT resulted in increased tumor size, oxidative stress and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results indicated that low concentrations of p,p′-DDT promoted colorectal cancer growth through Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which was mediated by oxidative stress. The finding suggests an association between low concentrations of p,p′-DDT exposure and colorectal cancer progression.     

河南省CT检查所致受检者剂量调查与分析

目的研究河南省CT检查所致儿童和成人受检者的剂量水平,探讨其影响因素,为制定我国和地区CT诊断参考(指导)水平提供基础资料。方法采用分层配额抽样方法选取河南省7个地市31台CT共计1113例受检者主要检查类型进行剂量调查,调查内容包括受检者和设备基本信息、扫描参数、相关剂量学信息等,通过剂量转换系数估算其所致典型有效剂量。结果头部常规CT扫描中,0~1岁、>1~5岁、>5~10岁、>10~15岁组儿童CTDIw的75%分位值分别为32.2、37.2、43.0、46.7 mGy,DLP的75%分位值分别为478.0、572.0、715.6、743.9 mGy·cm,有效剂量分别为5.26、3.83、2.86、2.38 mSv;在胸部常规扫描中,0~1岁、>1~5岁、>5~10岁、>10~15岁组儿童CTDIw的75%分位值均为9.3 mGy,DLP的75%分位值分别为141.7、178.8、224.0、238.7 mGy·cm,有效剂量分别为5.53、4.64、4.03、3.10 mSv。CT检查所致成人受检者头部、胸部、腹部CTDIw的75%分位值分别为57.4、16.2、19.4 mGy,DLP的75%分位值分别为818.3、504.7和571.1 mGy·cm,有效剂量分别为1.72、7.07和8.57 mSv。结论随着河南省CT设备的更新,检查技术的日益进步以及CT应用频度的快速增长,医疗机构应恰当选取CT各类检查的扫描参数,加强其影像质量及其所致剂量的优化匹配研究,完善CT诊断参考(指导)水平,尤其是对射线敏感的儿童应尽快建立诊断参考(指导)水平,推动CT检查医疗照射防护最优化。     

《职业性放射性甲状腺疾病诊断》标准解读

为准确掌握和理解国家职业卫生标准《职业性放射性甲状腺疾病诊断》(GBZ 101-2020),本文就该标准发布的重要意义、修订的相关背景、修订的基本原则、主要技术内容修订依据和标准的应用等内容进行说明。指导职业病诊断医师在职业性放射性甲状腺疾病诊断中能够把握好诊断的原则,作出正确的诊断,避免标准应用中产生困惑,从而更好地保障放射工作人员的职业健康权益。     

Valproic acid induced liver injury: An insight into molecular toxicological mechanism

Valproic acid (VPA) is an anti-seizure drug that causes idiosyncratic liver injury. 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (Δ⁴VPA), a metabolite of VPA, has been implicated in VPA-induced hepatotoxicity. This review summarizes the pathogenesis involved in VPA-induced liver injury. The VPA induce liver injury mainly by i) liberation of Δ⁴VPA metabolites; ii) decrease in glutathione stores and antioxidants, resulting in oxidative stress; iii) inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation, inducing mitochondrial DNA depletion and hypermethylation; a decrease in proton leak; oxidative phosphorylation impairment and ATP synthesis decrease; iv) induction of fatty liver via inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, enhancing nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma and acyl-CoA thioesterase 1, and inducing long-chain fatty acid uptake and triglyceride synthesis. VPA administration aggravates liver injury in individuals with metabolic syndromes. Therapeutic drug monitoring, routine serum levels of transaminases, ammonia, and lipid parameters during VPA therapy may thus be beneficial in improving the safety profile or preventing the progression of DILI.