Trauma Risk Score Matching for Observational Studies in Orthopedic Trauma

ObjectivesTo determine if matching by trauma risk score is non-inferior to matching by chronic comorbidities and/or a combination of demographic and patient characteristics in observational studies of acute trauma in a hip fracture model.DesignRetrospective cohort studySettingLevel-1 Trauma CenterPatients1,590 hip fracture [AO/OTA 31A and 31B] patients age 55 and over treated between October 2014 and February 2020 at 4 hospitals within a single academic medical center.InterventionRepeatedly matching randomized subsets of patients by (1) Score for Trauma Triage in Geriatric and Middle-Aged (STTGMA), (2) Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), or (3) a combination of sex, age, CCI and body mass index (BMI).Main Outcome Measurements“Matching failures” where rate of significant differences in variables of matched cohorts exceeds the 5% expected by chance.ResultsSTTGMA and combination matching resulted in no “matching failures”. Matching by CCI alone resulted in “matching failures” of BMI, ASA class, STTGMA, major complications, sepsis, pneumonia, acute respiratory failure, and 90-day readmission.ConclusionsSTTGMA matching in observational cohort studies is less likely to yield significant differences of demographics and outcomes than CCI matching. STTGMA matching is noninferior to matching a combination of demographic variables optimized for each treatment cohort. STTGMA matching is apt to reflect equipoise of health at admission and outcome likelihood in observational cohort studies of orthopedic trauma, while maintaining consistent weighting of demographic and injury characteristic variables that may expand the generalizability of these studies.Level of EvidenceLevel III     

柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床观察

目的 研究柴芍四金汤预防ERCP术后胆总管结石复发的临床疗效。方法 选取昆山市中医医院脾胃肝胆科2014年1月至2016年12月因胆总管结石行ERCP取石病例120例，按随机数字表法将120例病例随机分为治疗组和对照组，每组各60例，治疗组口服自拟柴芍四金汤，每日1剂，水煎400 mL，分早晚两次温服，随证加减；对照组口服熊去氧胆酸250 mg/次，3次/d，2组均连续药物治疗6月，观察术后2周血清中总胆红素（Tbil）、直接胆红素（Dbil）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）指标、术后半年临床症状（包括腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差）及术后6月、12月、18月胆总管结石复发情况。结果 治疗组术后6月、12月及18月结石复发率略低于对照组，但两者差异无统计学意义（ P >0.05）；治疗组在改善腹痛、腹胀、恶心、纳差症状方面优于对照组（ P <0.05）；治疗组在改善血清Tbil、Dbil、ALP、GGT水平方面优于对照组（ P <0.01）。结论 柴芍四金汤能有效预防ERCP术后胆总管结石的复发，且能改善胆总管结石引起的临床症状及血清生化指标。      

跟骨骨折治疗方法的疗效观察

目的比较跟骨骨折不同治疗方法的效果。方法88例96足跟骨骨折分成三组,分别应用撬拨复位石膏外固定、切开复位钢板内固定、可调节跟骨骨折外固定器治疗,术后从Bhler角的恢复、主观症状、并发症三个方面进行比较分析。结果可调节跟骨骨折外固定组在恢复Bhler角、术后主观症状改善、减少并发症方面优于撬拨复位石膏外固定组及切开复位内固定组。结论可调式跟骨骨折外固定器治疗跟骨骨折疗效优于撬拨组和内固定组。     

腹腔镜X线联合经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的探讨

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术时在X线透视下经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石的可行性。方法：2002年6月至2006年10月85例患者术前均经B超诊断为胆囊结石,伴胆总管扩张、胆总管结石。术中于腹腔镜下经胆囊管、胆总管造影,胆道镜取石网篮,在C臂机透视下用胆道镜网篮取石后经胆囊管取出。结果：85例患者经胆总管造影发现胆总管结石26例,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石成功21例。3例因胆总管损伤中转开腹。2例腹腔镜下胆总管切开取石T管引流。结论：胆囊结石伴胆总管结石在X线透视下,正确掌握手术操作技巧,经胆囊管胆总管网篮取石可一次完成,术后效果满意。     

补肾密骨片结合骨髓移植对桡骨延迟愈合的实验研究

[目的]观察补肾密骨片结合经皮自体骨髓移植对骨折延迟愈合治疗后的骨密度和生物力学性能影响。[方法]预制新西兰大耳白兔骨延迟愈合模型，将75只兔随机分为四组：A组20只，饲料中加入补肾密骨片，骨延迟愈合区注入自体红骨髓2ml；B组20只，饲料中加入补肾密骨片，骨延迟愈合区不注入自体红骨髓；C组20只，饲料中不加补肾密骨片，骨延迟愈合区注入自体红骨髓；D组15只，造成骨延迟愈合模型后，饲料中不加补肾密骨片，骨延迟愈合区不注人自体红骨髓。治疗后12周处死动物取材，行骨密度及生物力学测试。[结果]骨密度及生物力学测试均显示A组骨愈合优于B、C、D组。[结论]补肾密骨片结合经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折延迟愈合的骨组织的骨密度及生物力学强度优于单一骨髓移植或中药治疗。     

癌基因c-fos、c-jun蛋白在鳞状细胞癌皮损中的表达及意义

目的　探讨癌基因c fos、c jun的表达与皮肤鳞癌发生和发展的关系。　方法　采用免疫组化法对 6 0例皮肤鳞癌的c fos、c jun的表达情况进行检测 ,并与正常皮肤组织进行对照。　结果　c fos、c jun在正常皮肤组织不表达 ,在皮肤鳞癌中的表达阳性率分别为 6 1.7%和 4 8.3% ,其表达水平与癌组织的分化程度有关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,肿瘤的分化程度越高其表达水平越高。　结论　c fos、c jun的表达水平可作为判定皮肤鳞癌分化的指标。     

皮肤扩张术修复头皮合并颅骨缺损

目的探讨头皮合并颅骨缺损的修复方法。方法对2000年至2007年治疗的6例头皮合并颅骨缺损患者，采用皮肤扩张术修复头皮，钛网修补颅骨缺损。结果6例患者中，1例患者出现皮瓣下积液，经抽吸、加压包扎后愈合；其余病例未出现感染、血肿及皮瓣坏死等并发症，外观满意。结论皮肤扩张术和钛网联合应用是修复头皮合并颅骨缺损的较好方法。     

儿童下呼吸道博卡病毒混合感染的临床分析

目的 研究博卡病毒混合感染对儿童急性下呼吸道感染临床特征的影响,分析其高危因素。方法 收集2017年11月-2019年10月苏州大学附属儿童医院呼吸科因急性下呼吸道感染住院儿童的鼻咽分泌物标本3 350例,进行呼吸道多病原学检测。结果 3 350例标本中博卡病毒(hBoV)阳性167例(5.0%),其中hBoV单纯感染102例(61.1%),混合感染65例(38.9%),混合感染主要病原有病毒26例(15.6%)、肺炎支原体16例(9.6%)、细菌11例(6.6%)、混合2种以上病原12例(7.2%)。hBoV单纯感染、hBoV混合病毒、hBoV混合支原体、hBoV混合细菌和hBoV混合2种以上病原各组在咳嗽、喘息、发热、呼吸困难、肺部啰音、住院时间等方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。hBoV混合细菌感染组发生重症肺炎的比例高于hBoV混合病毒及hBoV混合支原体感染组(χ²=15.648, P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示入院前病程＞7 d是混合感染的独立危险因素(OR=1.040, 95%CI:1.002~1.079)。结论 hBoV有较高的混合感染率。hBoV混合细菌感染可能会加重病情。入院前病程＞7 d的患儿应警惕hBOV混合感染。     

The management of patients admitted to hospital with vertebral fragility fractures: experience from a UK university hospital

IntroductionPatients that require hospital admission for vertebral fragility fractures were older, multimorbid, frail, have cognitive impairment and were in severe pain. This study aimed to describe the hospital treatment received in one UK university hospital with the purpose of proposing what hospital services should look like.MethodThis was an observational study of adults aged 50 years and over admitted to hospital over 12 months with an acute vertebral fragility fracture. Information was collected from patients and electronic health records on their presentation and hospital care.Results90 patients were recruited into the study. 69% presented to hospital 24 h after the onset of their severe acute back pain. 38% had a concomitant medical diagnosis, such as an ongoing infection. X-ray of the spine was the most common imaging of choice to diagnose a fracture. There was variation in the content of the radiology reports. 46% or patients were managed on geriatric medicine wards, 39% on general medical wards, and followed by 14% on spinal surgical wards. Patients cared for by medical teams were older, frailer, had a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment, more dependent for daily living and less mobile compared to those under the care of the spinal surgical team. Many patients on medical wards had input from spinal surgical team and vice versa. 9% proceeded to have vertebral augmentation. Despite many in severe pain, only a third were prescribed opioids with the median dose of morphine-equivalent was 10-20 mg daily for the first three days of admission. While in hospital, 31% developed a medical complication, with infection being the most common one. On discharge, 76% still required opioids and only 56% had a plan for their bone health.DiscussionImprovements could be made to hospital vertebral fracture care. Many did not receive adequate pain relief and appropriate assessments to reduce their future fall and fracture risk. Most were medically managed. Quality standards and re-organising care in hip fracture has led to improved outcomes. A similar approach in vertebral fragility fractures might also deliver improved outcomes.     

Improving trauma care in exsanguinating patients with CHOP (critical haemorrhage to operating-room patient) resuscitation protocol—A cumulative summation (CUSUM) analysis

IntroductionThe standard protocol for exsanguinating trauma patients involves initial evaluation and resuscitation in the emergency department which then sets the stage for subsequent definitive care and disposition. This involves major coordination and mobilisation of resources which may cause a delay in intervention especially when most of these cases present after office hours. Our centre has employed a second-tier activation system (CHOP protocol) that immediately mobilises all respective trauma specialists including interventional radiologists and allows rapid access to the operating room.ObjectiveWe hypothesised that exsanguinating patients managed by CHOP protocol have better overall outcome and survival.MethodsWe identified trauma patients that fulfilled CHOP criteria from 2016 to 2019 and divided them into two groups: preCHOP (standard protocol) and CHOP. Data was extracted from a prospectively maintained trauma registry. Demographics, injury pattern and in-hospital data were analysed. The key outcome studied was the impact of CHOP protocol on the mortality rate. Success and failure of the two groups were analysed using CUSUM methodology.ResultsThirty-seven patients were managed by CHOP protocol since its introduction in March 2018 compared to 36 patients who underwent standard protocol. Majority of the cases were blunt trauma (89% CHOP vs 92% preCHOP). The mean Injury Severity Score was 37 for CHOP group and 39 for preCHOP group. We observed a significant improvement in time to intervention in CHOP patients (78 min vs 113 min), both during and after office hours. CHOP patients had lower mortality compared to preCHOP group (11% vs 31%) and the effectiveness of the protocol was seen in achieving significantly lower mortality compared to the predicted model. CHOP protocol was able to produce a consistent trend of desired outcomes leading to the CUSUM curve exhibiting a sustained downward slope.ConclusionThe CHOP protocol, a relatively novel system in the local context, was able to achieve sustained improved outcomes compared to standard protocol. The CUSUM analysis concurred that implementation of CHOP protocol has helped to achieve consistent desired outcomes. It also suggested that the uptake and use of this protocol has integrated well into the existing workflow.