青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤体验的质性研究

目的 了解非自杀性自伤(nonsuicidal self-injury, NSSI)青少年抑郁症患者使用切割工具自伤时的真实体验和感受,为提供针对性干预措施提供指导。方法 采用目的抽样法,于2021年11月—2022年5月对四川省成都市某三级甲等精神病专科医院收治的19例使用切割工具NSSI青少年抑郁症患者进行半结构式访谈,以诠释现象学分析法分析转录资料。结果 青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤体验和感受可归纳为5个主题：外界干扰下滋生的自伤意念;思绪万千中的自伤行为;痛并快乐着的自伤体验;万里挑一的自伤工具;有爱、有责任,自伤行为有所减少。结论 青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤行为受多方面因素影响。应根据此类患者特点提供有针对性护理措施,指导患者签署NSSI承诺书、教会患者掌握NSSI行为替代技巧、联合患者家属构建多维度社会支持平台。     

口腔颌面外科围手术期血糖管理专家共识

围手术期血糖水平异常现象是影响患者预后的重要因素。目前,已有较多关于外科手术围手术期血糖管理指南,但对于口腔颌面外科手术围手术期血糖异常情况尚未有规范的管理方案。根据已发表的相关指南、共识及文献,并结合颌面外科的特点及我们的经验,本文主要从术前高血糖的筛查、评估,术中血糖安全管理,术后血糖水平的监测及治疗等方面规范了标准化血糖管理操作规程,为颌面外科围手术期血糖管理提供参考。     

齐拉西酮治疗甲基苯丙胺所致精神障碍临床疗效观察

目的观察抗精神病药物齐拉西酮治疗甲基苯丙胺所致精神障碍的疗效及不良反应。方法 80例甲基苯丙胺所致精神障碍患者按随机数字表法分为齐拉西酮组和利培酮组各40例,分别用齐拉西酮（最大剂量≤160 mg/d）和利培酮（最大剂量≤6 mg/d）治疗21天。采用简明精神病量表（BPRS）和副反应量表（TESS）评定患者的精神病性症状、疗效和不良反应。结果总有效率齐拉西酮组为92.50%,利培酮组为90.00%,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;齐拉西酮组与利培酮组比较,体重增加较少,内分泌改变较少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;其他不良反应,两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论齐拉西酮与利培酮疗效相当,不良反应较轻。     

A cohort study of diabetic patients and diabetic foot ulceration patients in China

To determine the annual incidence and clinically relevant risk factors for foot ulceration in a large cohort study of diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients and diabetes mellitus (DM) patients in China. To investigate a cohort of 1,333 patients comprising 452 DFU patients and 881 DM patients, who underwent foot screening, physical examination, and laboratory tests in eight hospitals. The patients were assessed at baseline in terms of their demographic information, medical and social history, peripheral neuropathy disease (PND) screening, periphery artery disease (PAD) screening, assessment of nutritional status, and diabetic control. One year later, the patients were followed up to determine the incidence of new foot ulcers, amputation, and mortality. By univariate analysis, statistically significant differences were found in age, location, gender, living alone (yes/no), occupation, smoking, hypertension, PND, PAD, nephropathy, retinopathy, cataracts, duration of diabetes, Glycosylated hemoglobin A (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose level, postprandial blood glucose level, insulin level, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyeride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), serum albumin, white blood cell, and body mass index. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine which of these risk factors were independent risk factors for foot ulceration. A total of 687 (51.5%) of the 1,333 patients were followed up for an average of 12 months; there were 458 DM patients and 229 DFU patients. A total of 46 patients died during the follow‐up period; 13 were DM patients, and 33 were DFU patients. Of the 641 patients, 445 (69.4%) patients were DM patients, and 196 (30.6%) were DFU patients. At follow‐up, 36/445 DM patients (8.1%), and 62/196 DFU patients (31.6%), developed new ulcers; 10/196 DFU patients underwent an amputation. The annual incidence of ulceration for DM patients and amputation for DFU patients were 8.1 and 5.1%, respectively. The annual mortality of the DM patients and DMF patients were 2.8 and 14.4%, respectively. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine which risk factors were independent risk factors for foot ulceration during the follow‐up period, and the final results showed that nephropathy (odds ratio 2.32), insulin level (odds ratio 3.136, 2.629), and decreased HDL (odds ratio 0.427) were associated with increased risks for foot ulceration. Complications of diabetes affecting the feet represent a serious problem in China. The incidence of foot ulcers and amputation are much higher than that of Western countries. More intensive surveillance and aggressive care following a diagnosis of DFU and earlier referral to specialty care might improve the patient outcome.     

首发精神分裂症不同维持治疗时间的复发分析

目的:研究不同维持治疗时间对首发精神分裂症复发的影响。方法:对406例首发精神分裂症患者痊愈出院后5年内进行随访,分析维持治疗时间与复发的关系。结果:所有患者5年内累计复发率为63%,在病情稳定情况下按医嘱维持2年组5年内累计复发率为80%,3年组为60.7%,4年组为19.0%,这3组复发率差别有显著统计学意义。结论:首发精神分裂症患者5年累计复发率在下降,按医嘱维持治疗时间越长,复发率越低,为减少复发、减少致残,首发痊愈后应特别注意坚持抗精神病药物的治疗。