Cafestol preconditioning attenuates apoptosis and autophagy during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting ERK/PPARγ pathway

ObjectiveThe study was aimed to explore the hepatocellular protective functions of cafestol during hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and the possible mechanisms.MethodsNinety male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into seven groups, including normal control group, L-cafestol(20mg/kg) group, H-cafestol(40mg/kg) group, sham group, IR group, L-cafestol(20mg/kg) + IR group, H-cafestol(40mg/kg) + IR group. Serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST), inflammation mediators, proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy, indicators linked with ERK/PPARγ pathway, and liver histopathology were measured using ELISA, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, and western blotting at 2, 8, and 24 hours after reperfusion.ResultsOur findings confirmed that cafestol preconditioning groups could reduce the levels of ALT and AST, alleviate liver pathological damage, suppress the release of inflammation mediators, inhibit the production of pro-apoptosis protein including caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax, decrease the expression of autophagy-linked protein including Beclin-1 and LC3, increase anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, and restrain the activation of ERK and PPARγ.ConclusionCafestol preconditioning could attenuate inflammatory response, apoptosis and autophagy on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by suppressing ERK/PPARγ pathway.     

民航飞行人员同型半胱氨酸与高血压病的关系及其与血脂的相关性

目的 分析同型半胱氨酸（homocysteine，Hcy）与原发性高血压（高血压病）的关系及其Hcy与血脂的相关性。 方法 28例健康体检者为对照组，38例高血压病患者为高血压病组，高血压病组又分为调脂组20例和未调脂组18例。分别测定各组受试对象血浆Hcy及血脂指标。 结果 与对照组比较，高血压组Hcy水平显著升高（P<0.01）；与未调脂组比较，调脂组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)显著降低（P <0.01），但Hcy水平下降不显著；Pearson相关性分析显示:调脂组Hcy与三项血脂指标TC、LDL-C、ApoB均无相关性。 结论 高Hcy血症（HHcy）是民航飞行员高血压患者的危险因素；Hcy与TC、LDL-C水平无相关性，调脂治疗并不能够改善血浆Hcy水平。     

Pedestrian Injuries and the Relevant Burden in Shanghai,China:Implications for Control

Objective To study the associations of pedestrian injuries with age, income and educational level in Shanghai and to analyze the relative disease burden. Methods Information on pedestrian-related cases and deaths were collected from 494 hospitals and mortality registry systems from 1992 to 2010, and a multistage cluster sampling survey conducted in 2006. Logistic regression model was used in the analyses. Results The age group of 5-9 had the highest mortality and morbidity among children. Mortality increased obviously among those aged 60 or above. Individuals with an educational level under the primary school and with the lower family average income were more likely to suffer pedestrian-related injuries. Multivariate Logistic analysis demonstrated that lower income and lower educational level increased the risk of pedestrian injuries with the odds ratio of 1.40 (95%CI:1.15-1.71) and 1.70 (95%CI:1.20-2-40), respectively. About 13.54% of the share of GDP for the healthcare, social security and welfare industries in Shanghai was occupied by the burden of pedestrian-related injuries in 2006. Conclusion Pedestrian-related injury has inverse association with victims’ income and educational level. Children of 5-9 years old and adults over 60 with lower educational level and lower monthly income are the target persons to be intervened.     

血清骨标志物与2 型糖尿病患者 心血管疾病风险的关系

目的 评估2 型糖尿病（T2DM）患者中6 种骨标志物（骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、骨粘连蛋白、骨 保护素、碱性磷酸酶和骨硬化蛋白）水平是否与心血管疾病（CVD）风险相关。方法 选取2015 年9 月— 2018 年12 月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院收治的T2DM 患者200 例,其中100 例在2 年的随访过程中出现了 CVD。根据随访期间是否发生CVD 分为CVD 组和无CVD 组,每组100 例。用多重试剂盒法测量血清中 6 种骨标志物,使用多因素Logistic 回归分析评估骨标志物与CVD 风险的关系。结果 CVD 组年龄、糖尿病 病程、骨钙蛋白、骨桥蛋白、骨粘连蛋白、骨保护素、碱性磷酸酶、骨硬化蛋白水平较无CVD 组高（P <0.05）。 多因素Logistic 回归分析结果显示,较高血浆浓度的骨桥蛋白水平[Ol ^ R=5.112（95％ CI ：1.032,22.423）, P =0.000] 是T2DM 患者发生CVD 的危险因素。结论 高骨桥蛋白是T2DM 患者CVD 风险的独立危险因素, 而其他5 种骨标志物和CVD 风险无关。     

两类达标血糖控制对急危重患者预后的影响

目的 观察两类达标血糖控制对急危重患者预后的影响. 方法 选取2011年1月至2013年9月我院急诊重症监护室（EICU）急性生理学与慢性健康评分（APACHEⅡ）＞15分且合并高血糖的危重患者200例,分为胰岛素强化治疗（IIT）组和常规控制（CIT）组,比较两组近期死亡率、3d及7d后APACHEⅡ、严重并发症、低血糖、院内感染发生率、住院时间和费用等指标. 结果 IIT组住院时间和费用、院内感染发生率、呼吸衰竭、心功能不全、3d及7d后APACHEⅡ较CIT组低（P＜0.05）.两组低血糖总发生率比较差异有统计学意义（29％ vs 13％,P＜0.01）,严重低血糖发生率、死亡率比较差异无统计学意义. 结论 IIT可能为临床带来较多益处,但增加急危重患者低血糖风险,对降低总死亡率可能无明显影响.     

上海市1999-2006年新登记老年肺结核患者死亡情况及影响因素分析

目的 描述上海市60岁及以上的老年肺结核患者的死亡情况,探讨其可能的影响因素。方法 上海市1999-2006年期间新登记并确诊的痰分枝杆菌培养阳性肺结核病患者共14589例,其中≥60周岁的老年患者共5068例（34.7%）,<60岁的非老年患者共9521例（65.3%）。研究描述了两组患者人口学、临床特征、细菌学、死亡情况等方面的特征,并以logistic回归逐步前进法鉴别老年患者中可能与死亡有关的危险因素。结果 老年患者中男性4167例,占82.2%,非老年患者中男性6699例,占70.4%（χ²=244.8, P<0.01)、老年复发患者1447例,占28.6%;非老年患者1240例,占13.0%（χ²=536.3, P<0.01);老年有合并症患者1472例,占29.0%,非老年患者1172例,占12.3%（χ²=624.2, P<0.01);老年涂阳患者4313例,占85.1%,非老年患者7625例,占80.0%（χ²=31.6, P<0.01)。两者比较差异均有统计学意义。老年患者中肺部影像学检查显示有空洞者(1480例,占29.2%)显著低于非老年患者（3120例,占32.8%）,两者比较有统计学差异（χ²=11.9, P<0.01)。老年患者病死率(668例,13.2%)显著高于非老年患者(139例,1.5%),两者比较差异有统计学意义（χ²=479.7, P<0.01)。在5068例老年组患者中,经多因素logisitic回归逐步前进法分析显示,70～<80岁(OR=1.89, 95%CI＝1.54～3.32,P<0.01)、80岁及以上 (OR=3.71, 95%CI＝2.91～4.74, P<0.01)、男性(OR=1.72, 95%CI＝1.34～2.21,P<0.01)、有合并症(OR=1.53, 95%CI＝1.28～1.83,P<0.01)、涂阳(OR=1.33, 95%CI＝1.02～1.72, P=0.03)、居住地区为郊县(OR=1.49, 95%CI＝1.24～1.79,P<0.01)和耐多药(OR=1.95, 95%CI＝1.10～3.48,P=0.02)与死亡相关。结论 上海市老年肺结核患者病死率远高于非老年患者。高龄、男性、有合并症、涂阳、居住于郊县和耐多药是死亡的危险因素。     

Influence of maternal and paternal IQ on offspring health and health behaviours: Evidence for some trans-generational associations using the 1958 British birth cohort study

PurposeIndividuals scoring poorly on tests of intelligence (IQ) have been reported as having increased risk of morbidity, premature mortality, and risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, poor diet, alcohol and cigarette consumption. Very little is known about the impact of parental IQ on the health and health behaviours of their offspring.MethodsWe explored associations of maternal and paternal IQ scores with offspring television viewing, injuries, hospitalisations, long standing illness, height and BMI at ages 4 to 18 using data from the National Child Development Study (1958 birth cohort).ResultsData were available for 1446 mother-offspring and 822 father-offspring pairs. After adjusting for potential confounding/mediating factors, the children of higher IQ parents were less likely to watch TV (odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for watching 3+ vs. less than 3 hours per week associated with a standard deviation increase in maternal or paternal IQ: 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) or 0.78 (0.64, 0.95) respectively) and less likely to have one or more injuries requiring hospitalisation (0.77 (0.66, 0.90) or 0.72 (0.56, 0.91) respectively for maternal or paternal IQ).ConclusionsChildren whose parents have low IQ scores may have poorer selected health and health behaviours. Health education might usefully be targeted at these families.     

2011-2014上海市四家儿童医院CT应用频度调查结果分析

目的 对上海市4家儿童医院CT应用频度进行调查,描述儿童CT检查的应用特点。方法 从4家医院的放射学信息系统（RIS）数据库中提取2011-2014年所有儿童患者的CT检查情况,描述受检者年龄、性别和检查部位的分布特征,分析受检者重复检查的结果,并对上海市4家儿童医院的儿童CT检查应用频度进行估算与分析。结果 共计有175 672名患儿在2011-2014年进行了249 350人次CT检查。其中男性（62%）受检总人次数多于女性（38%）。大多数患儿年龄为1~5岁,占总人次数的40.3%。婴儿（≤ 1岁）心脏CT检查占婴儿CT检查总人次数的14.5%,占心脏CT检查总人次数的63.0%。有33 634（19.1%）名受检者在4年内接受了2次及以上的CT检查。研究估计的2011-2014年上海市4家儿童医院的儿童CT检查应用频度分别为37.9、43.3、43.3、39.0人次/千人口。结论 近年来上海市4家儿童医院的儿童CT检查应用频度基本保持稳定。     

中国成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征

目的描述中国双生子登记系统(CNTR)成年双生子高脂血症的分布特征, 初步探索遗传和环境因素对高脂血症的影响。方法研究对象来自CNTR在全国11个项目地区募集的双生子, 纳入成年且具有高脂血症信息的69 130名(34 565对)双生子进行分析。采用随机效应模型描述高脂血症的人群、地区分布特征。分别计算不同卵型双生子的高脂血症同病率, 估算遗传度。结果研究对象年龄为(34.2±12.4)岁。双生子人群高脂血症患病率为1.3%(895/69 130)。男性、年长、城镇、已婚、大专及以上文化程度、超重、肥胖、体力活动不足、当前吸烟和曾经吸烟、当前饮酒和曾经饮酒人群中高脂血症患病率较高。双生子对内分析发现, 同卵双生子高脂血症同病率为29.1%(118/405), 高于异卵双生子的18.1%(57/315), 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在不同年龄、地区及性别分层中, 同卵双生子同病率仍呈现高于异卵双生子的趋势。进一步同性别双生子对内分析发现, 在北方组和女性组中, 高脂血症遗传度分别为13.04%(95%CI:2.61%～23.47%)、18.59%(95%CI:4.43%～3...