Neuroprotective effects of safflor yellow B on brain ischemic injury

The present study was conducted to investigate whether safflor yellow B (SYB) had a protective effect on cerebral ischemic injury and to determine the possible mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, Male Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) rats were used to make the model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The behavioral test was used to measure neurological deficit scores for evaluation of the ischemic damage of brain. The infarction area of brain was assessed in brain slices stained with 2% solution of 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Spectrophotometric assay was used to determine the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) of the brain. Furthermore, the respiratory control ratio (RCR = state 3/state 4) was assessed in the brain mitochondria. In vitro, the effect of SYB was tested in cultured fetal cortical cells exposed to glutamate to identify its neuroprotection against neurons damage. The results in vivo showed that SYB at doses of 3.0 and 6.0 mg kg⁻¹ markedly decreased the neurological deficit scores and the infarction area in MCAO rats. At the same time, SYB significantly improved mitochondrial energy metabolism, decreased MDA content, and increased SOD and GPx activities in ischemic brain. The results in vitro showed that SYB remarkably inhibited neuron damage induced by glutamate in cultured fetal cortical cells. These suggest that SYB might act as a potential neuroprotective agent against the cerebral ischemia-induced injury in rat brain through reducing lipid peroxides, scavenging free radicals, and improving the energy metabolism.     

Physicochemical degradation of phycocyanin and means to improve its stability: A short review

The cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis, spirulina, is a source of pigments such as phycobiliprotein and phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. The different steps involved in extraction and purification of this protein can alter the final properties. In this review, the stability of phycocyanin (pH, temperature, and light) is discussed, considering the physicochemical parameters of kinetic modeling. The optimal working pH range for phycocyanin is between 5.5 and 6.0 and it remains stable up to 45 °C; however, exposure to relatively high temperatures or acidic pH decreases its half-life and increases the degradation kinetic constant. Phycobiliproteins are sensitive to light; preservatives such as mono- and di-saccharides, citric acid, or sodium chloride appear to be effective stabilizing agents. Encapsulation within nano- or micro-structured materials such as nanofibers, microparticles, or nanoparticles, can also preserve or enhance its stability.     

2018—2019年北京市海淀医院多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌临床感染特点及耐药性分析

目的 分析北京市海淀医院多重耐药鲍曼不动杆菌（multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,MDR-AB）临床感染的特点及耐药性,为临床用药提供一定的理论依据。方法 将北京市海淀医院2018年10月—2019年10月分离的178株鲍曼不动杆菌（Acinetobacter baumannii）作为研究对象,对其相关临床资料及体外药物敏感性试验结果进行分析。结果 鲍曼不动杆菌多重耐药率为46.6%,且97.6% MDR-AB为耐碳青霉烯鲍曼不动杆菌（CR-AB）。MDR-AB主要分离自高龄（>60岁）患者（86.7%）和重症监护室（ICU）患者（65.1%）,且86.7% MDR-AB分离自痰液标本。MDR-AB对各种常用抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于普通鲍曼不动杆菌,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;MDR-AB中同时耐碳青霉烯类、氟喹诺酮类、抗铜绿假单胞菌青霉素加酶抑制剂类、广谱头孢菌素类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类等抗菌药物的菌株的占比最高（39.8%）。结论 高龄和ICU患者是MDR-AB的主要易感人群,MDR-AB对各种常用抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于普通鲍曼不动杆菌,替加环素对MDR-AB的耐药率相对低于其他抗菌药物,临床应合理使用抗菌药防止MDR-AB的产生和传播。     

实现非侵入式超声塑形的关键技术

非侵入式超声塑形是最近几年刚刚兴起的新技术，具有安全元创的优点。本文简要讨论超声塑形的物理机理、工作参数、实际系统构成和工作原理，重点介绍了其中的两项关键技术即发射换能器和频率跟踪技术的应用。     

Inhalation of glycopyrronium inhibits cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammation in a murine model of COPD

Glycopyrronium bromide (GB) is a muscarinic receptor antagonist that has been used as a long-acting bronchodilator in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of inhaled GB in a cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammation mouse model. We found that aerosol pre-treatment with GB suppresses the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed mice. GB at doses of 300 and 600 μg/ml significantly inhibited the CS-induced increases in the mRNA and protein expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in lung tissues and the BALF. Moreover, GB at a dose of 600 μg/ml significantly inhibited the CS-induced changes in glutathione (GSH) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in the BALF, decreased the CS-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, and increased the CS-induced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, as determined through the immunohistochemical staining of lung tissue. Our results demonstrate the beneficial effects of inhaled GB on the inflammatory reaction in COPD.     

自体动静脉内瘘局部血流动力学研究

目的探讨自体动静脉内瘘局部血流动力学特点及其影响因素。方法选择维持性血液透析（maintennance hemodialysis,MHD）患者71例,横断面分析,应用彩超测量自体动静脉内瘘瘘口直径,双侧上肢桡动脉、尺动脉、肱动脉内径及血流量,分析动静脉内瘘对双侧上肢局部血流动力学的影响。结果动静脉内瘘手术后1-144个月,术侧头静脉内径（6.67±2.18）mm;术侧肱动脉内径（5.59±1.24）mm,对侧肱动脉内径（3.81±0.72）mm;术侧桡动脉吻合口近心端内径（4.12±1.13） mm,吻合口远心端（2.84±0.90）mm,对侧桡动脉内径（1.93±0.46）mm;术侧尺动脉内径（2.21±0.86）mm,对侧尺动脉内径（1.64±0.58）mm;术侧和对侧相比,有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。术侧肱动脉血流量（2164.18±1413.06）ml/min,对侧肱动脉血流量（538.90±326.90）ml/min;术侧桡动脉血流量（1172.75±718.20）ml/min,对侧桡动脉血流量（106.50±75.83）ml/min;术侧尺动脉血流量（245.95±184.09）ml/min,对侧尺动脉近心端血流量（81.34±68.80）ml/min;术侧和对侧相比,有统计学差异（P〈0.01）。结论自体动静脉内瘘建立后,术侧肢体的肱动脉、尺动脉、桡动脉内径相应增粗,血流量增大。     

Role of nucleostemin in growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other malignancies

AIM: To examine the role of nucleostemin in the growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other cancers. METHODS: RT-PCR was used to clone the fragment of nucleostemin cDNA from HEK 293 cells. Eighteen kinds of malignant tumor tissues including gastric adenocarcinoma and liver cancer tissues, 3 kinds of benign tumor tissues, 3 kinds of benign hyperplastic tissues and normal tissues were employed to examine nucleostemin gene expression by RT-PCR, Slot blot, Northern blot and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: We successfully cloned a 570 bp fragment of nucleostemin-cDNA from HEK-293 cells. All detected malignant tumor tissues, benign tumor tissues, and benign hyperplastic tissues had high levels of nucleostemin expression. Nucleostemin was also expressed in human placenta tissue at a high level. In terminally differentiated normal human adult kidney and mammary gland tissues, no nucleostemin expression could be detected. CONCLUSION: Nucleostemin can help regulate the proliferation of both cancer cells and stem cells. It might play an important role in the growth regulation of gastric cancer, liver cancer and other cancers.     

北京中关村地区1984—2000年急性冠心病事件的流行病学研究

目的:了解中关村地区25～74岁人群1984—2000年急性冠心病事件发病率的分布特点、变化趋势及可能的影响因素。方法:依照北京MONICA研究中心的研究方案,1984—2000年在北京中关村地区对25～74岁近4万人群开展了心血管病危险因素及发病、死亡的监测工作。以中关村地区资料为依据,按年度、性别、年龄分别计算急性冠心病事件发病率的变化趋势。结果:1984—2000年中关村地区急性冠心病事件发病率呈轻度上升变化,但无统计学意义。男性合计发病率为128.5/10万,大于女性51.4/10万;其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究初期与研究末期相比,男性65～74岁组每10万人群发病率的绝对增加幅度最大,差率为307.8/10万,男性55～64岁组发病率相对增加幅度最大,差率为211%,均有统计学意义。医疗救助率为73.6%,高于北京市平均水平。发病集中在冬、春季,占总发病人数的58%。结论:中关村地区中老年男性急性冠心病事件发病率呈显著上升,应加强这一人群冠心病防治工作。     

北京市海淀区基层妇幼保健人员现状研究

目的了解北京市海淀区基层妇幼保健人员的工作现状及满意度情况。方法该调查为横断面研究,采用整群抽样法对北京市海淀区88家基层妇幼保健机构共315名妇幼保健工作人员进行调研。结果在妇幼保健人员中女性308人,占97．8％;平均年龄40．60岁;专职从事基层妇幼保健工作者只有96人,占30．5％;社区卫生服务中心与社区卫生服务站妇幼保健工作人员在第一学历、最高学历、职称、专职从事妇幼保健工作、参加工作年限、妇幼保健工作年限、每周工作时间方面差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。社区卫生服务中心基层妇幼保健工作人员的收入低于社区卫生服务站的工作人员（x2=10．879,P=0．002）;社区卫生服务中心基层妇幼保健工作人员比社区卫生服务站的工作人员年龄稍小（t=-2．532,P=0．012）,两方面差异均有统计学意义。结论优化基层妇幼保健人力资源的合理配置,保障医护人员的切身利益和提高其对工作的满意度才能使医护人员发挥更大的潜能,更好地服务群众和社会。