2013-2016年第四军医大学第一附属医院内分泌代谢科药品不良反应分析

目的 分析第四军医大学第一附属医院内分泌代谢科药品不良反应(ADR)的发生特点,为临床合理用药提供科学依据.方法 收集第四军医大学第一附属医院内分泌代谢科2013年1月—2016年4月上报的137例ADR报告,对患者的年龄和性别、药品种类、所涉及的器官及系统、临床表现等方面进行统计与分析.结果 137例ADR报告中,男性78例(56.93%),女性59例(43.07%);40~70岁患者最多,共计100例(72.99%);ADR涉及药物以二甲双胍最多(40.86%);ADR的临床表现以胃肠系统损害最常见,共计61例(44.52%).结论 第四军医大学第一附属医院内分泌代谢科发生的ADR有其自身特点,ADR的发生与多种因素有关,加强对ADR的监测工作,有利于促进临床合理用药和保障患者用药安全.     

多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照评价普瑞巴林添加治疗部分性癫癎发作的疗效和安全性

目的 评价普瑞巴林添加治疗部分性癫（癎）发作的疗效和安全性.方法采用随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、多中心平行设计添加治疗的方法,确诊为有部分性癫（癎）发作的225例癫（癎）患者,被随机分配入普瑞巴林治疗组（114例）与安慰剂组（111例）.在6周前瞻性基线期后,采用灵活剂量的普瑞巴林（150～600 mg·d-1）添加治疗成人部分性癫（癎）发作.主要疗效指标：部分性癫（癎）发作28 d-反应率.次要疗效指标：部分性癫（癎）发作28d-减少率、临床疗效评价、16周内癫（癎）无发作和发作减少率≥50％的病例比例、第13～16周癫（癎）无发作和发作减少率≥50％的病例比例以及临床疗效总评量表评分;并观察研究药物的安全性与不良反应情况.结果 普瑞巴林组部分性癫（癎）发作28 d-反应率（-40.24±37.88）％,显著高于安慰剂组（-22.84±37.61）％（F=15.063 9,P=0.000 l）.普瑞巴林组和安慰剂组的不良事件发生率分别为60.53％和47.75％,组间无显著差异;但普瑞巴林组的不良反应发生率较安慰剂组高（45.61％ vs 23.42％,P=0.000 7）,主要不良反应有头晕、嗜睡、视物模糊、乏力等.结论 普瑞巴林组的疗效显著优于安慰剂组.普瑞巴林作为部分性癫（痈）发作的添加药物有确定的疗效,安全耐受性较好,具有一定临床应用价值.     

急性高容量血液稀释联合右美托咪啶、硝酸甘油控制性降压在脊柱侧弯矫正术中的应用

目的观察急性高容量血液稀释联合右美托咪啶、硝酸甘油控制性降压应用于脊柱侧弯矫正术的临床效果与安全性。方法将40例脊柱侧弯矫正术患者随机分成实验组和对照组,每组20例。全凭静脉麻醉。实验组采用急性高容量血液稀释联合右美托咪啶、硝酸甘油控制性降压,对照组常规补液。2组术中连续监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP);记录出血量、异体血输入量及手术时间,并分别于术前、术毕测定血红蛋白(Hb)、血细胞比容(Hct)及凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)和纤维蛋白原(FG)。按Fromme评分法进行术野质量评分,记录拔管时间、苏醒期不良反应。结果实验组失血量、输血量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组Hct、Hb术毕均较术前降低(P<0.05),2组PT、APTT在术毕均长于术前(P<0.05),而FG则低于术前(P<0.05),但均在正常范围。2组均无肺水肿、心衰及创面异常出血等并发症。手术中实验组Fromme评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组停药后拔管时间差异无统计学意义,实验组苏醒期不良反应发生率低于对照组。结论急性高容量血液稀释联合右美托咪啶、硝酸甘油控制性降压在脊柱侧弯矫正术中的应用安全有效。     

Severe chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection associated with multiple necrotic lesions in the liver

We report an atypical presentation of a chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection with multiple nodular coagulation necrosis in the liver, that appeared as hypodense areas on a CT scan. The patient, a 26-year-old man, was hospitalized following over 2 years of intermittent fever, weight loss and liver abnormalities after contracting infectious mononucleosis. We diagnosed his illness as a chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) because of the high antibody titers against EBV and the histological evidence of organ disease with demonstration of EBV mRNA. A liver biopsy revealed EBV-infected T-cell infiltration with hemophagocytosis and marked hepatocytolytic necrosis. The patient developed multiple coagulation necrosis with well-defined borders surrounding T-cell aggregation in the liver 8 months later. He died of respiratory failure due to interstitial pneumonitis. The analysis of EBV-genome termini demonstrated a clonal proliferation of T-cells harboring EBV, but no T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement was observed. We speculate that the pathogenesis of this disease was an atypical expression of organ damage as a result of an aberrant T-cell response to EBV infection.     

磷酸二甲啡烷治疗干性咳嗽的临床疗效及安全性评价

目的评价磷酸二甲啡烷治疗干性咳嗽的临床疗效和安全性。方法将378例干性咳嗽患者随机分为试验组216例、阳性对照组108例和安慰剂组54例。试验组予以口服磷酸二甲啡烷20 mg,tid,5~7 d;阳性对照组予以口服氢溴酸右美沙芬30 mg,tid,5~7 d;安慰剂组予以磷酸二甲啡烷模拟片20 mg或氢溴酸右美沙芬模拟片30 mg,tid,5~7 d。比较3组患者的临床疗效、治疗5~7 d后咳嗽症状总积分的变化,以及不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,试验组、阳性对照组、安慰剂组的咳嗽症状临床有效率分别为81.02%,84.26%,38.89%。试验组的咳嗽症状临床有效率与安慰剂组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组、阳性对照组、安慰剂组的咳嗽症状总积分相对基线的平均下降值分别为(2.34±1.42),(2.43±1.55),(1.39±1.20)。试验组的咳嗽症状总积分下降显著优于安慰剂组(P<0.01),与阳性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组、阳性对照组、安慰剂组的不良事件发生率分别为4.21%,12.01%,5.66%,其中与药物相关的不良事件的发生率分别为1.87%,10.19%,5.66%。结论磷酸二甲啡烷在治疗干性咳嗽时镇咳效果确切,且磷酸二甲啡烷在治疗干性咳嗽时的镇咳效果与氢溴酸右美沙芬相当,两药的安全性相似。     

Endoscopic variceal ligation is superior to combined ligation and sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: A multicenter prospective randomized trial

Patients who have bled from varices remain at risk for rebleeding. There is interest in methods that would enable rapid eradication of varices. The present trial was designed to study whether combining ligation with sclerotherapy will allow quicker eradication of varices than either modality alone. Patients with bleeding esophageal varices were randomized into ligation or combination therapy groups. Patients in the ligation group were treated with endoscopic rubber band ligation alone. In combination group patients, each variceal column was ligated distally and 1 mL of ethanolamine was injected proximal to each ligated site. Subsequent treatment sessions were at 7- to 14-day intervals until varices were eradicated. The clinical and endoscopic characteristics of 25 patients in the ligation group were similar to those of 22 patients in the combination group. Follow-up was up to 30 months. Active bleeding was controlled in 100% of patients in the ligation group and 75% of those in combination group (P = NS). It took 3.3 +/- .4 (range, 1-7) sessions to eradicate varices with ligation and 4.1 +/- .6 (1-7) with combination therapy (P = NS). Survival (four deaths in ligation group, 8 in combination group), rebleeding rate (25% vs. 36%), and varix recurrence (16% vs. 23%) also were similar. There were more complications with combination therapy, including deep ulcers (65% vs. 20%; P < .05); dysphagia (30% vs. 0%; P < .05), with three strictures requiring dilation; and pain (30% vs. 10%; P = NS). Our results show that sclerotherapy combined with ligation offers no benefit over ligation alone. The higher complication rate with combination therapy does not warrant this approach.(Hepatology 1997 Jan;25(1):71-4)