ICU患者发生耐碳青霉烯褪色沙雷菌肺炎的相关因素分析

目的探讨重症监护室患者发生耐碳青霉烯褪色沙雷菌肺炎的相关因素,为临床诊断和治疗提供参考依据。方法回顾性调查医院2012年7月-2017年6月重症监护室内耐碳青霉烯类褪色沙雷菌肺炎患者47例,分析其发生的相关因素。结果入住ICU时间、有创机械通气时间、应用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物、应用双联抗菌药物、抗菌药物应用≥3联、抗菌药物应用时间≥14d、气管切开、机械通气、纤维支气管镜检查及治疗、有创操作≥3项与耐碳青霉烯褪色沙雷菌肺炎有关(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析发现,应用碳青霉烯类抗菌药物、纤维支气管镜检查及治疗、抗菌药物应用≥3联为独立相关因素。结论耐碳青霉烯褪色沙雷菌肺炎与多项相关因素相关;合理应用抗菌药物、科学管理侵袭性操作将有利于减少耐碳青霉烯褪色沙雷菌肺炎的发生。     

重症患者急性肾损伤的临床分析

目的:探讨重症患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的发病情况及与预后有关的因素.方法:回顾性分析2010年1月至2010年12月我院重症监护病房(tCU)收治患者出现急性肾损伤的发生情况,并进行APACHEⅡ评分,根据患者的预后分为存活组和死亡组,比较两组之间的各项参数;根据RIFLE修订标准将急性肾损伤患者分为三期,比较三期患者的预后.结果:ICU中重症患者的急性肾损伤的发病率为21.31％,死亡率为57.69％;死亡组与存活组比较,其平均年龄、APACHEⅡ评分较高,与存在基础疾病及MODS有关;在老年病人中急性肾损伤三期之间死亡率比较差异无明显性.结论:重症病人年龄越大,病情越重,AKI的发病率和死亡率越高.     

严重肺挫伤患者冯·维勒布兰德因子,白介素8的动态变化及其意义

目的 通过检测严重肺挫伤患者血中冯·维勒布兰德因子(vWF),白介素8在受伤后不同时点的含量,揭示其动态变化规律及其临床价值.方法 将63例严重肺挫伤患者分成ARDS组和非ARDS组、生存组和死亡组、ISS评分<20分和ISS评分≥20分组,并引入正常对照组,使用ELISA法分别检测伤后24 h内、第3天、第5天、第7天时的血浆vWF和血清IL-8水平,观察其动态规律,并进行相关因素分析.结果 严重肺挫伤患者在各时点,血浆vWF和血清IL-8均高于正常对照组.严重肺挫伤并发ARDS组血浆vWF含量各时点逐渐升高,ARDS组在第5天、第7天血浆vWF含量显著高于非ARDS组(P<0.05).血清IL-8含量在第5天达到高峰后开始下降,两组之间在各时点差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);死亡组血浆vWF与血清IL-8含量均显著高于生存组(P<0.05);ISS评分≥20分组血浆vWF和血清IL-8水平均在第5天达到高峰后开始回落,ISS评分<20分组在第3天达到高峰后回落.血浆vWF含量与血小板计数呈正相关,与氧合指数呈负相关.血清IL-8含量与白细胞计数、ISS评分呈正相关,与氧合指数呈负相关.结论 严重肺挫伤患者血中vWF和IL-8含量呈动态变化,反映了肺损伤的程度,并可以作为严重肺挫伤后并发ARDS的预测及预后判断指标.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical changes of von Willebrand factor( vWF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) in patients with severe pulmonary contusion. Methods Sixty-three patients with severe pulmonary contusion were divided into three different classifications for the sake of comparison in different respects, namely (1) severe pulmonary contusion with ARDS group and severe pulmonary contusion without ARDS group, (2) survival group and non-survival group, and (3) ISS score <20 group and ISS scored 20 group. In addition, the normal control group was set up. The levels of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 were respectively detected by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) within 24 hours of injury and 1,3,5 and 7days after injury. The regularity of their changes was observed and the correlation factors were analyzed from the data. Results Compared with normal controls, the concentrations of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 were significantly increased in patients with severe pulmonary contusion in all intervals of detection. The concentrations of plasma vWF escalated gradually in severe pulmonary contusion with ARDS, and reached significantly higher levels in 5 days and 7 days after injury compared with those without ARDS group (P <0. 05). The increase in concentrations of serum IL-8 peaked in 5day after injury, and then declined. The levels of serum IL-8 were higher in patients with severe pulmonary contusion with ARDS group than those in this kind of patients without ARDS group. The levels of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 were higher in non - survival group than those in survival group (P < 0.05). The increase in levels of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 peaked and then declined in 5 days in ISS score 3:20 group, whereas it peaked and declined in 3 days after injury in ISS score < 20 group. The level of plasma vWF was positively correlated with platelets and negatively correlated with oxygenation index. The levels of serum IL-8 was positively correlated with white blood cell count and ISS score, and negatively correlated with oxygenation index. Conclusions The levels of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 were increased in patients with severe pulmonary contusion, reflecting the severity of pulmonary injury. The levels of plasma vWF and serum IL-8 were the sensitive markers for evaluating the severity of pulmonary injury and the prognosis of ARDS caused by severe pulmonary contusion.     

重症监护病房患者下呼吸道标本非发酵菌构成及耐药性分析

目的观察综合性重症监护病房（ICU）患者下呼吸道标本非发酵菌的构成及耐药情况,为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法回顾性调查我院2006年11月1日～2008年11月1日期间综合性重症监护病房（ICU）下呼吸道标本中非发酵菌的构成及耐药率。结果共分离革兰氏阴性杆菌466株,其中非发酵菌298株,占63.95%（298/466）;非发酵菌主要为铜绿假单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、嗜麦芽窄食假单胞菌,其中部分非发酵菌为多重耐药菌（MDR）,甚至为泛耐药菌（PDR）。结论综合性重症监护病房（ICU）下呼吸道标本中非发酵菌的所占比例较大,耐药率高,应定期监测其细菌构成及耐药率,为临床治疗提供指导。     

己酮可可碱对压力负荷心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨己酮可可碱(pentoxifylline, PTX)对压力负荷心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡及炎症因子的影响.方法 采用腹主动脉缩窄法制备压力负荷心力衰竭大鼠模型.雄性SD大鼠35只,随机分为五组:假手术组、模型组、氨茶碱组、PTX-L组、PTX-H组,每组7只.每只大鼠分别在术后第4周、第8周给予超声心动图检查,...