改造及管理呼吸道传染病防控病区的实践探讨

目的：在当前新型冠状病毒肺炎形势较为严峻的情况下,将呼吸科普通病房进行快速分区改造及管理以减少呼吸科普通病房医护人员及患者感染风险。方法：将某院呼吸科普通病房快速改造成两大区域：A区为可疑新型冠状病毒肺炎病房,B区为普通肺部感染病房;安排本科室符合要求的医护人员分批进驻A区病房。结果：通过24 h的设计改造,将病区改造成为A、B两个区域,A区为符合分区收治标准的病房,病区医护人员以及患者零感染。结论：对呼吸科普通病房快速分区改造及管理可使可疑新型冠状病毒肺炎患者得到有效隔离,能够降低患者及医护人员交叉感染风险,实现院内零交叉感染。     

黑水无害化及资源化处理技术进展

总结和回顾了近年来国际上研发测试的黑水综合处理技术,对比了不同种类处理技术的优缺点,分析了不同黑水处理技术的特征及适用场景。近年来黑水处理技术逐渐向一体化集成工艺发展,依据新型生态卫生系统理念,在保障黑水无害化处理的同时应尽可能回收黑水中丰富的碳、氮、磷、钾等资源,这将有利于实现能源与资源的闭环循环。     

非新生儿破伤风诊疗规范

破伤风分为新生儿破伤风和非新生儿破伤风。我国已于2012年消除了新生儿破伤风,但非新生儿破伤风仍是一个严重的公共卫生问题。非新生儿破伤风重症患者在无医疗干预的情况下,病死率接近100%,即使经过积极的综合治疗,全球范围病死率仍为30%~50%,是一种极为严重的潜在致命性疾病。为规范我国非新生儿破伤风诊疗行为,提高医疗质量,保障医疗安全,特制定本规范。本规范包括了非新生儿破伤风的病原学、流行病学、发病机制、临床表现及实验室检查、诊断、鉴别诊断、分级、治疗等方面内容。     

NFBD1/MDC1 participates in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in human laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Purpose

The objective of the study was to investigate the role of NFBD1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) cells.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR was employed to determine the expressions of NFBD1 protein and mRNA in LSCC tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues. After the downregulation of NFBD1 expression, the colony formation assay, MTS assay and apoptosis assay were used to investigate the changes in the proliferation and apoptosis of Hep2 cells. The mechanisms by which silencing NFBD1 promote apoptosis of Hep2 cells were examined by western blotting. Furthermore, xenograft models were used to evaluate the proliferation of Hep2 cells in vivo.

Results

NFBD1 protein was upregulated in 55.6% of LSCC cancer tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues (26.7%). NFBD1 knockdown in Hep2 cells significantly impacted proliferation and apoptosis, and silencing NFBD1 might promote apoptosis of Hep2 cells by activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Xenograft models showed that silencing NFBD1 also significantly inhibited tumor growth.

Conclusions

Our data highlight that NFBD1 participates in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis in LSCC, and suggest that NFBD1 could be a promising therapy target.

     

Adjuvant radiotherapy for positive lymph nodes of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Can it earn promising benefits at long-term follow-up?

Purpose

The value of adjuvant radiotherapy for patients with positive lymph nodes after curative resection of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is controversial. This study aims to investigate its long-term benefits in a specific cohort.

Automatic spectral imaging protocol selection combined with iterative reconstruction can enhance image quality and decrease radiation and contrast dosage in abdominal CT angiography

Purpose

To investigate the effect of automatic spectral imaging protocol selection (ASIS) and adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) technology in reducing radiation and contrast dosage.

Methods

Sixty-four patients were randomly divided into two groups for abdominal computed tomography (CT): the experiment group with ASIS plus 50% ASIR and the control with 120 kVp voltage.

Results

The CT dose-index volume decreased by 23.68 and 23.57% and the dose-length product dropped by 25.59 and 18.45% in the arterial and portal venous phases, respectively, in the experiment than control group. The contrast dose was reduced by 16.86% in the experiment group. In the 55 keV?+?50% ASIR group, the arterial contrast-to-noise ratio and scores were significantly (P?<?0.05) higher than in the control group in the arterial phase while the portal contrast-to-noise ratio and scores were not significantly different between the two groups (P?>?0.05).

Conclusion

The ASIS technique plus 50% ASIR can enhance image quality of the abdominal structures while decreasing the radiation and contrast dosage compared with the conventional scan mode.

     

肿瘤血管生成拟态在结肠癌中的研究进展

血管生成拟态（vasculogenic mimicry,VM）是近年来发现的一种与经典的肿瘤血管生成途径完全不同、不依赖机体内皮细胞的全新肿瘤微循环模式,与肿瘤生长、侵袭、转移及患者预后密切相关。VM可能是一个潜在的肿瘤治疗新靶点,但其形成的分子机制尚未完全清楚。本文就近年来VM在结肠癌中发现、可能分子机制及其对治疗的影响作一综述,探讨当前研究中存在的问题,展望未来的发展方向。     

无症状成人颈胸交界区脊柱矢状面参数的相关性

背景:颈胸交界区脊柱矢状面平衡不仅与全脊柱矢状面平衡相关,还与颈椎矢状面平衡相关。目的:探讨无症状成人颈胸交界区脊柱矢状面参数的相关性。方法:选择2017年1月至2018年12月在河北医科大学第二医院体检中心行健康体检且无颈椎病相关临床症状者120名,年龄23-79岁,根据年龄分为21-40岁组、41-60岁组、61-80岁组,每组40名,均拍摄颈椎侧位DR影像,测量下面影像学参数:C2-C7矢状面轴向垂直距离、头部重心到C7椎体矢状面轴向垂直距离、胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角、颅倾角。结果与结论:①3组间C2-C7矢状面轴向垂直距离、头部重心到C7椎体矢状面轴向垂直距离、胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角、颅倾角比较差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05),并且组间两两比较差异亦有显著性意义(P<0.05);胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角随着年龄的增大而增大;②相关性分析显示胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角与年龄呈正相关(r=0.622,r=0.439,r=0.533,P均<0.001);胸廓入口角与T1倾斜角呈正相关(r=0.569,P<0.001);胸廓入口角、T1倾斜角均与C2-C7矢状面轴向垂直距离呈负相关(r=-0.725,r=-0.352,P均<0.001);③结果表明,无症状成人胸廓入口角、颈倾角、颅倾角、T1倾斜角呈随年龄增大而增大的趋势,且胸廓入口角、颈倾角、T1倾斜角与年龄呈正相关。     

臂丛根部的显微外科解剖研究及其临床意义

为进一步认识臂丛神经诸根间根部损伤后其病理特点差异的形态学基础，用显微外科解剖及ＨＥ，Ｍａｓｓｏｎ＇ｓ染色组织病理检查方法对椎管内臂丛神经诸根的显微结构进行观测。结果提示：臂丛神经诸根之间在解剖结构上存在一定的差异，由于这种差异的存在，造成颈５．６神经根在受到同等暴力作用下较７．８及胸１神经根不易形成根性撕脱。即使颈５．６神经根根性撕脱，亦往往伴有节后损伤。作者认为对于臂丛上干近椎间孔的节后损伤，