潮汕地区健康青年H9、H6、H5亚型甲型流感病毒血清抗体调查

目的：调查潮汕地区健康青年中H9、H6、H5三种甲型流感病毒亚型的隐性感染情况，以期了解上述三种禽类甲型流感病毒亚型是否能够或已经从禽类直接或间接传染给人。方法：潮汕地区健康青年血清946份，通过HI实验进行抗体检测。结果：H9亚型抗体阳性率达37．2％；同时发现有三份血清存在H5抗体；未见H6亚型抗体的存在。结论：H9亚型在健康青年中的隐性感染率非常高；H5亚型抗体的存在也应值得注意。     

二至丸对四氯化碳所致小鼠ALT升高的预防作用

目的研究二至丸水提物、女贞子、墨旱莲的保肝作用.方法通过检测血清酶学指标,观察二至丸对四氯化碳肝损伤模型的保护作用.结果用药各组均具有降低丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)作用,以二至丸超声水提液和水煎液作用最强,女贞子皂甙和墨旱莲乙酸乙酯提取物的混合物可作为复方保肝降酶的有效部位,但两者不同混合比例的保肝降酶作用应作进一步研究,以寻找最佳配比,达到最佳保肝效果.结论用药各组均具有保肝降酶作用,女贞子皂甙和墨旱莲乙酸乙酯提取物的混合物可作为二至丸复方的保肝降酶的有效部位.     

PHAGAQUOSONOGRAM (PASG) DIAGNOSIS FOR CANCER OF GASTRIC CARDIA A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF 223 PATIENTS

Phagaquosonographies (PASG) of 100 normal subjects and 223 patients with cardiac cancer (CC) were analyzed. The apparatus was self-designed and self-manufactured. The wave patterns and the pre-ejection period and other 8 quantitative indices in PASG were compared and patients with CC were found to have abnormal levels (P less than 0.01). The phagaquosonograms in 82 patients with esophageal, gastric or cardias (non-cancer) diseases served as controls. The PASG showed positive results in 97.3%, suspicious in 2.3% and negative in 0.4% of CC cases and 100% negative in the normal subjects. It was 1.2% positive, 8.5% suspicious and 90.3% negative in the esophageal, cardiac or gastric non-cancer diseases. PASG has high sensitivity (97.3%), and typical characteristics (98.8%). It is shown that this method can be used in screening, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and prediction of prognosis of cardiac cancer.     

正常人汉语句子事件相关电位N400的研究

目的研究汉语句子结尾词匹配与不匹配事件相关电位N400的变化,探讨正常人汉语句子N400的特征。方法对15名21~36岁右利手健康受试者,进行汉语正常句子结尾匹配词(匹配)与句子结尾歧义词(不匹配)N400的研究。结果受试者对句子结尾词匹配与不匹配的N400成分在潜伏期及波幅有显著性差异(P<0.05),句子不匹配结尾词的N400潜伏期较长,N400波幅高。N400广泛分布于脑部各区,左侧波幅偏高。结论汉语句子结尾字匹配与不匹配的N400与字词认知中的语义密切相关,可作为一个有临床价值的认知电位而用于临床多种伴有语言障碍疾病的评估。     

不同剂量甘露醇单用或合用速尿治疗颅高压的疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量甘露醇单用或合用速尿治疗颅高压的疗效。方法对60例各种原因行脑外科手术后出现颅内压增高的患者、依据使用不同剂量甘露醇单用或加用速尿而分为半量甘露醇(0.5 g/kg)组(A组)、全量甘露醇(1.0 g/kg)组(B组)、半量甘露醇 速尿(20 mg)组(C组)及全量甘露醇 速尿(20 mg)组(D组),通过颅内压监测,观察各组降低颅内压的效率、血浆渗透压及肾功能改变。结果(1)在降低颅内压的有效率、颅内压反跳率、药效持续时间上,C、D组明显优于A、B组(均P<0.05);降压幅度4组间差异无显著性。(2)连续降颅压治疗第5 d及第7 d时,各组均出现血浆渗透压的升高,与C组相比,B、D组升高更明显(P<0.05~0.01)。(3)连续使用甘露醇第5 d、7 d,与C组相比,B、D组血尿素氮、肌酐明显升高(均P<0.05)。结论半量甘露醇 速尿治疗颅内压增高疗效佳、安全性高。     

Outgrowth-regulating actions of glutamate in isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons

The present study examined the effects of glutamate on the outgrowth of dendrites and axons in isolated hippocampal pyramidal-like neurons in cell culture. During the first day of culture the survival and outgrowth of these neurons was unaffected by high concentrations (up to 1 nM) of glutamate, quisqualic acid (QA), kainic acid (KA), and N-methyl-D-aspartic acid. Beginning on day 2 of culture high levels of glutamate, KA and QA were toxic to the majority of pyramidal neurons, while subtoxic levels of these agents caused a well-defined, dose-dependent, sequence of effects on dendritic outgrowth. At increasing concentrations of glutamate, QA, and KA, the following events were observed: (1) dendritic outgrowth rates were reduced, while axonal elongation rates were unaffected; (2) dendritic length was reduced, while axons continued to grow; (3) dendrites regressed dramatically, and axonal outgrowth rate was reduced. These dendrite-specific effects of glutamate were apparently mediated at the growth cones since focal application of glutamate to individual dendritic growth cones resulted in suppression of growth cone activity and a regression of the dendrite; axons were unaffected by focal glutamate application. Pharmacological tests using glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists demonstrated that receptors of the KA/QA type mediated the glutamate effects on outgrowth and survival. The calcium channel blocker Co2+ prevented both glutamate neurotoxicity and glutamate-induced dendritic regression. Ionophore A23187 and elevations in extracellular K+ levels each caused a dose-dependent series of outgrowth and survival responses similar to those caused by glutamate. Taken together, these results indicate that activation of glutamate receptors leads to the opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels; the resulting increases in calcium influx lead to the observed alterations in dendritic outgrowth and neuronal survival.     

ICR 小白鼠脏器中铜,锌锰含量

对40只正常成年远交系 ICR 小白鼠的主要脏器,用 WFX—Ⅱ型双光束原子吸收分光光度计测定了各脏器中铜、锌、锰含量.结果表明,主要脏器中铜、锌、锰含量大小顺序不一,铜含量最多的脏器是心,锌、锰含量最多的脏器是肝,在雌雄之间均无显著性差异.     

ATP－氯化镁对脑缺血再灌流损伤后胞浆内Na~＋，K~＋，Ca~（2＋），Mg~（2＋）及SOD的影响

采用四条血管阻断方法制成家兔急性全脑缺血再灌流模型，观察家兔脑组织胞浆内ＳＯＤ及Ｎａ＋，Ｋ＋，Ｃａ（２＋），Ｍｇ（２＋）含量变化，结果发现家兔脑组织单纯缺血时ＳＯＤ活力明显下降（与正常对照组相比Ｐ＜０．０１），缺血再灌流后ＳＯＤ活力又较单纯缺血组进一步下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｎａ＋，Ｃａ（２＋）在单纯缺血时含量增高（与正常对照组相比Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｋ＋，Ｍｇ（２＋）则减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）；缺血再灌流后Ｎａ，Ｃａ（２＋）含量较单纯缺血组进一步增高（Ｐ＜０．０１），Ｋ＋，Ｍｇ（２＋）减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）．应用ＡＴＰ－氯化镁治疗后，上述指标与正常对照组相比无显著差异。     

低浓度左旋布比卡因用于多点腋路臂丛神经阻滞的研究

目的观察在神经刺激仪引导下,0·1%的左旋布比卡因是否能用于多点腋路臂丛阻滞,比较两种容量0·1%左旋布比卡因用于腋路多点臂丛阻滞的差异。方法34例择期行手部和前臂手术的患者,随机均分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ两组,每组患者均在神经刺激仪引导下,行多点腋路臂丛神经阻滞。Ⅰ组每点注射0·1%左旋布比卡因9ml分别阻滞肌皮神经、正中神经、尺神经和桡神经;Ⅱ组分别注射0·1%左旋布比卡因18ml阻滞上述各个神经。在注射完局麻药后5、10、20、30、40min时,分别对四支神经所支配的感觉区域和运动区域进行感觉和运动评估。术后随访患者,记录臂丛阻滞的镇痛时间和阻滞有效时间。结果两组患者在阻滞后5min均可产生明显的感觉和运动阻滞效果,镇痛时间和阻滞时间差异无显著意义。分别注射9ml或18ml的0·1%左旋布比卡因,两组患者肌皮、正中、桡、尺神经的感觉和运动阻滞效果相似。结论神经刺激仪定位的情况下,0·1%的左旋布比卡因行多点腋路臂丛神经阻滞,能够产生明显的痛觉和运动阻滞,这种阻滞效果并不依赖于药物容量的改变。     

凋亡抑制蛋白XIAP与肿瘤多药耐药

XIAP(X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein)是凋亡抑制蛋白(inhibitors of apoptosis protein,IAP)家族中最有效的内源性凋亡抑制因子,可以通过直接抑制caspases或者参与信号转导途径抑制细胞凋亡。研究发现,XIAP与肿瘤多药耐药有密切关系,并且有可能成为逆转肿瘤多药耐药提高化疗效果的治疗新靶点。