Tryptophan-induced pathogenesis of breast cancer

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of breast cancer remains unclear.AimsTo investigate the pathogenesis of breast cancer through targeted metabolomics of amino acids components in serum of patients with breast cancer.MethodsPatients with breast cancers were enrolled in our hospital between year January 1^st, 2013 and December 31^st, 2014. Targeted analysis of amino acids was performed using ESI-QTOF-MS instrument. In vitro experiment was performed to determine the influence of tryptophan towards interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion by CD4+ T cell.ResultsTargeted metabolomics of amino acids showed that the level of tryptophan significantly (p<0.05) increased in patients with breast cancer. Furthermore, the biological function of tryptophan was determined through determining the influence of tryptophan towards IL-10 secretion using in vitro method. The addition of tryptophan (100 uM) in the cell medium can significantly inhibited the secretion of IL-10 by CD4+ T cells, as indicated by the mRNA level and protein concentration.ConclusionThe inhibition of IL-10 secretion by CD4+ T cells is a potential pathogenesis of breast cancer.     

Expression of ITGB1 predicts prognosis in colorectal cancer: a large prospective study based on tissue microarray

Background: ITGB1 is a heterodimeric cell-surface receptor involved in cell functions such as proliferation, migration, invasion and survival. The aim of this study was to assess ITGB1 expression in colorectal cancer and correlate it with clinicopathological features, as well as to evaluate its potential prognostic significance. Materials and methods: In this study, we examined the expression of ITGB1 using tissue microarrays containing analyzed specimens by immunohistochemistry. ITGB1 expression was further correlated with clinicopathological and prognostic data. The prognostic significance was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and log-rank tests. A multivariate study with the Cox’s proportional hazard model was used to evaluate the prognostic aspects. Results: ITGB1 expression was present in 88.5% of the analyzed specimens. Significant differences in ITGB1 expression were found between normal mucosa and carcinomas (P<0.001). High ITGB1 expression was associated with poor prognosis, and it independently correlated with shortened overall survival and disease-free survival in colorectal cancer patients (P<0.001). More so, ITGB1 expression, bowel wall invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Additionally, significant differences in ITGB1 expression were observed in adenomas and tumors from patients with familial adenomatous polyposis compared to normal colon mucosa (P<0.05) Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that ITGB1 overexpression in colorectal tumors is associated with poor prognosis, as well as aggressive clinicopathological features. Therefore, ITGB1 expression could be used as potential prognostic predictor in colorectal cancer patients.     

表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯对大鼠创伤性脑水肿保护作用的研究

目的：观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（EGCG）对大鼠创伤性脑损伤继发脑水肿的抑制作用及其机制。方法选择Wistar大鼠200只,按随机数字表法分为假手术组（20只）、模型组（90只）和EGCG组（90只）,采用Feeney自由落体坠击法制备大鼠创伤性脑损伤模型;EGCG组于制模后即刻腹腔注射EGCG生理盐水溶液100 mg/kg（10 mL/kg）;模型组给予等量生理盐水;均每24 h注射1次,连用2 d。于给药后24、48、72 h测定各组大鼠脑组织含水量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的变化,根据脑组织中伊文思蓝（EB）含量评价脑血管通透性,采用免疫组化法和蛋白质免疫印迹试验（Western Blot）测定大鼠脑组织水通道蛋白-4（AQP4）和胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）表达的变化,并观察各组大鼠脑组织病理学改变。结果与假手术组比较,模型组给药后各时间点脑组织含水量、MDA水平均明显增加,SOD水平明显降低,脑血管通透性增加;模型组制模后24 h、72 h AQP4、GFAP阳性细胞表达评分（IHC评分）均明显升高;AQP4和GFAP蛋白表达水平〔积分吸光度（IA）〕明显升高,以制模后72 h变化更显著〔脑组织含水量：（89.71±0.94）%比（78.34±0.87）%, EB的含量（μg/g）：9.13±0.66比2.71±0.72,SOD（U/mg）：63.53±12.57比130.85±9.91,MDA（nmol/mg）：10.19±1.47比4.57±0.74,AQP4 IHC评分（分）：8.81±1.75比2.76±0.82,GFAP的IHC评分（分）：9.47±1.32比6.71±0.52,AQP4蛋白表达（IA值）：1.53±0.05比0.42±0.05,GFAP蛋白表达（IA值）：1.45±0.05比0.62±0.04,均P＜0.01〕。与模型组比较,EGCG组大鼠脑组织含水量、MDA水平和AQP4、GFAP的IHC评分及蛋白表达均显著下降,SOD水平显著提高,血管通透性明显下降,以制模后72 h变化更显著〔脑组织含水量：（86.59±0.89）%, EB的含量（μg/g）：7.82±0.32,SOD（U/mg）：107.58±10.87,MDA（nmol/mg）：5.61±1.64,AQP4 IHC评分（分）：6.92±0.71,GFAP的IHC评分（分）：6.71±0.52,AQP4蛋白表达（IA值）：1.14±0.06,GFAP蛋白表达（IA值）：1.21±0.07,均P＜0.01〕;免疫组化法检测EGCG组大鼠AQP4和GFAP的阳性细胞数减少,颜色变浅。结论 EGCG对大鼠创伤性脑损伤继发脑水肿的抑制作用与降低血管通透性、增加SOD水平,降低MDA水平及AQP4和GFAP的表达有关。     

早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线表现及误诊分析

目的探讨早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线表现,进一步提高该病的影像诊断水平,减少误诊。方法回顾性分析68例经手术或穿刺活检病理证实的早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线片。结果 68例早期乳腺癌发生于致密腺体型14例,多量腺体型21例,少量腺体型23例,脂肪型10例。X线表现为微小钙化25例(36.76%),肿块影23例(33.82%),结构紊乱9例(13.23%),局部密度增高影5例(7.35%),乳管造影异常3例(4.41%),血管增粗3例(4.41%)。其中有15例发生误诊(22.06%)。结论早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线征象不典型,诊断易受腺体类型的影响,影像与临床紧密结合可有效减少误诊。     

氢质子核磁波谱对儿童热性惊厥脑异常检出和预后评估的价值分析

目的探讨氢质子核磁波谱（H1-MRS）检查对儿童热性惊厥（FS）的脑实质异常的检测效率,及其用于预测临床预后的价值。 方法选择中山市人民医院普通儿科自2017年3月至2018年5月收治的38例FS患儿作为研究对象,所有患儿均进行颅脑MRI及H1-MRS检查,比较MRI和H1-MRS检查对FS患儿颅内异常检出效率差异。根据H1-MRS结果计算代谢物质氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）/[肌酸（Cr）+磷酸肌酸（Cho）]、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值,然后根据患儿出现临床不良预后情况分为有不良临床预后组和无不良临床预后组,比较2组患儿间NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值差异,并分析其对预后的评估价值。 结果38例FS患儿中,MRI检出颅脑异常情况有23例,H1-MRS检出颅脑异常情况有32例,异常情况检出率比较差异具有统计学意义（χ²=5.330,P=0.021）。13例FS患儿出现不良临床预后,有不良临床预后组患儿中表现为复杂型的比率高于无不良临床预后组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。有不良临床预后组患儿的NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值均小于无不良临床预后组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。绘制NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值对预测不良临床预后ROC曲线,其相应的曲线下面积分别为0.848、0.774、0.797。 结论H1-MRS检查对FS患儿脑实质异常的检出率高于MRI检查,且H1-MRS结果计算所得的NAA/（Cr+Cho）、NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho值在FS患儿中显著降低,其中,NAA/（Cr+Cho）值对患儿的预后具有较好的预测价值。     

中国南方与北方地区2013-2018年骨质疏松流行病学对比分析

目的对比分析我国南方地区和北方地区骨质疏松的流行病学特点。 方法利用万方数据库、中国知网数据库检索2013年1月至2018年12月报道的关于骨质疏松流行病学文献,按照纳入及排除标准选择其中具有区域性代表（以北京市、甘肃省、河南省、山西省和山东省代表北方地区,以广东省、广西省、四川省、贵州省和江西省代表南方地区）的文献。然后人工提取各文献中的相关数据,包括研究对象样本量、性别、年龄、骨质疏松患病人数等。率的比较采用χ²检验。 结果共筛选出符合标准的文献10篇,从中收集到研究对象38 941例,其中骨质疏松患者8 334例（21.4%）。南方地区和北方地区骨质疏松患病情况呈现出一致的流行病学特征：无论男性还是女性,骨质疏松患病率均随增龄逐渐增高;除20～29岁外的其他各年龄段,女性骨质疏松患病率均明显高于男性（P<0.05或0.01）;老年人骨质疏松患病率普遍较高（其中南方地区80～89岁女性患病率更是高达73.46%）,老年男性、女性骨质疏松患病率均显著高于非老年人（北方地区：χ²=960.180、1 315.400,均P<0.01;南方地区：χ²=773.290、1 482.720,均P<0.01）。与南方地区比较,北方地区男性、女性骨质疏松患病率均明显更高（非老年人：χ²=39.740、44.660,P<0.01;老年人：χ²=34.540、16.140）。与南方地区对应年龄段比较,北方地区40～49岁、50～59岁及60～69岁人群骨质疏松患病率更高（男性：χ²=29.300、8.000、3.900,P<0.05或0.01;女性：χ²=15.580、50.590、5.860,P<0.05或0.01）,但70～79、80～89岁人群骨质疏松患病率更低（男性：χ²=21.570、90.240,P<0.01;女性：χ²=4.430、97.200,P<0.05或0.01）。 结论南方地区总体发病率高于北方,两个地区均为70～80岁年龄段患者所占比例最高,并且各个年龄段女性患者均多于男性。南北两地区骨质疏松患病率均随年龄增加而升高,且两地区50岁年龄段人口骨质疏松患病率较前明显升高,临床上应在此时间段予以干预,预防骨质丢失及骨质疏松的发生。     

频域光学相干断层扫描检测原发性开角型青光眼视盘及黄斑参数的影响因素分析

目的 利用频域光学相干断层扫描（SD-OCT）检测健康对照和早中期原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）患者的视盘及黄斑参数,分析其相关影响因素。方法 选择2015年9月至2018年8月在我科就诊的早中期POAG患者40例（40眼）,其中20~39岁者20例、60~79岁者20例;纳入同期在我科就诊的40名（40眼）健康对照,其中20~39岁者20名、60~79岁者20名。受试者均接受全面的眼科检查,并利用SD-OCT测量所有受试者视盘周围视网膜神经纤维层（pRNFL）厚度、黄斑区平均神经节细胞层联合内丛状层（GCL-IPL）厚度、黄斑区最薄GCL-IPL厚度和黄斑区平均整体厚度。结果 健康对照组和早中期POAG组黄斑区平均GCL-IPL厚度及最薄GCL-IPL厚度均随年龄增长而变薄,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05,P<0.01）;两组黄斑区平均整体厚度随着年龄的增长均无明显变化。在健康对照组,年龄因素对pRNFL厚度影响不大,20~39岁者与60~79岁者pRNFL厚度差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。在早中期POAG组,20~39岁者和60~79岁者pRNFL平均厚度、上方厚度、下方厚度和颞侧厚度与健康对照组同年龄者相比均变薄,且60~79岁者上述pRNFL厚度与20~39岁者相比更薄,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01）;早中期POAG组pRNFL鼻侧厚度在20~39岁者与60~79岁者之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,与健康对照组同年龄者相比差异亦无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 SD-OCT测量的pRNFL厚度与POAG有关,可作为早期诊断POAG的检测指标。     

Preoperative level of serum amyloid A is superior to C‐reactive protein in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Preoperative elevations in the levels of serum amyloid A (SAA) or C‐reactive protein (CRP) have been reported to be prognostic indicators in several malignancies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the serum levels of SAA and CRP in the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In total, 252 patients with ESCC who had undergone surgery with curative‐intent were retrospectively recruited. The specificity, sensitivity, and prognostic value of SAA or CRP levels were measured as the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The clinical value of SAA and CRP levels as prognostic indicators was evaluated using Cox's proportional hazards model. The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall survival (OS) rates for the entire cohort of patients with ESCC were 71.0%, 61.0%, and 43.0%, respectively. The correlation between the levels of SAA and CRP was significant (r² = 0. 685, P < 0.001). The ROC analysis showed that the levels of CRP were associated with a significantly lower overall accuracy than were the SAA levels (AUC, 0.615 vs. 0.880; P < 0.001). For the complete cohort, the median OS was 52.0 months longer in patients with low preoperative serum levels of SAA (72.0 months) compared with patients who had high SAA levels (20.0 months, P < 0.001). The median OS among patients with low CRP levels was also longer compared with the patients who had high CRP levels (72.0 vs. 51.0 months, respectively; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses showed that the preoperative elevated levels of SAA could find significant differences in OS for stage I, stage II, and stage III (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively), whereas the increased levels of CRP could only find a difference in OS for stage II cancers. After a multivariate analysis, preoperative elevated level of SAA was found to be an independently and significant prognostic factor (P < 0.001). Our study indicates that the preoperative levels of SAA and CRP can act as prognostic factors, and that elevated levels of these proteins are associated with negative effects on the survival of patients with ESCC. SAA showed a higher prognostic value than CRP in both cohort and subgroup analysis.