某固废拆解基地母乳中多氯联苯含量及其婴儿的暴露风险

目的通过测定某固废拆解基地妇女乳汁中多氯联苯(PCBs)的浓度,了解该地区母体的负荷水平和类二英PCBs分布情况,并且对婴儿通过母乳摄入多氯联苯的风险进行评估。方法在拆解区和对照区分别采集20和12份母乳,用气相色谱测定母乳中总PCBs(t-PCBs)的浓度,并对两地区各一份混合母乳样进行类二英PCBs检测。结果拆解区和对照区母乳中t-PCBs浓度为0·39~3·92μg/g脂肪和0~0·46μg/g脂肪(只检测出1例)。拆解区和对照区PCBs总TEQ值分别为59pg/gfat和6pg/gfat。结论拆解区妇女乳汁中t-PCBs高于大多数国家和地区的水平,其婴儿每日通过母乳类二英摄入量远远大于WHO推荐的成人每日耐受量。     

老年康复治疗注意事项

一、老年人常患多种疾病,要同时治疗各种疾病或一种疾病多种治疗时,要考虑所给刺激的负担量,除有协同作用的配合治疗外,一般在同一天不作多种治疗;治疗用量宜小,剂量增加宜慢,疗程亦可长一些,以有效地利用痕迹刺激的作用。二、为使其功能达到尽可能最大限度恢     

GSTT1及GSTM1和CYP2E1基因多态性与二甲基甲酰胺所致肝脏损害的关系

Objective To investigate abnormal liver function associated with polymorphism of GSTT1,GSTM1 and CYP2E1 in workers exposed to N,N- dimethylformamide.Methods Sixty-nine workers with abnormal liver function in a synthetic leather factory were recruited as case.One hundred and twenty five control subjects with similar work tasks were selected from the same factory.Genotypes for GSTT1 and GSTM1 were determined by multiplex PCR,and for CYP2E1 PstI by PCR-RFLP assay.Results The frequency of positive GSTM1 was 59.42% in cases and 38.40% in control,with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.34,95% CI:1.29～4.29 (P=0.005).For GSTT1 and CYP2E1 PstI,the frequencies of genotypes showed no significant difference between case and control.Conclusion GSTM1 positive genotype may be genetic risk factors for development of abnormal liver function in workers exposed to N,N- diroethylformamide.     

液氯储罐泄漏扩散后果的模拟研究

目的研究液氯储罐发生意外泄漏，估算液氯扩散的影响范围及人员的撤离距离，为事故应急处理及有毒物质风险管理提供科学依据。方法以ALOHA软件为分析工具，根据美国环境保护署（EPA）的危险管理计划（RMP）内容确定模拟分析的参数，对泄漏扩散进行量化分析。结果住RMP之最坏情形下，以氯气的LC50、立即危害生命或健康浓度（IDLH）和最高容许浓度（MAC）为毒性终点，泄漏影响距离分别为561、2200和8800m。在替代情形下，泄漏孔径较小（0．5cm）而毒性终点相同时，氯气的扩散距离与风速成反比；而泄漏孔径较大时，氯气的扩散距离与风速成正比。结论对液氯等储罐泄漏扩散后果模拟分析，ALOHA软件是一种较好的分析工具，可用于指导工业企业制订危险物品在生产、使用及运输过程中应急救援计划的编制及风险分析。     

职业接触二甲基乙酰胺工人尿中甲基乙酰胺生物限值研究

目的 研制我国职业接触二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)工人尿中甲基乙酰胺(NMAC)的生物限值.方法 选择3家氨纶生产企业201名接触DMAC工人,应用个体采样器采集工作周末工作日的车间空气样品,用气相色谱法检测个体DMAC接触水平,同时收集当日工人班末尿样,应用气相色谱法测定尿中NMAC浓度以评价DMAC接触工人内暴露水平.通过内外剂量的回归方程、百分位数和相对内暴露(RIE)指数计算,推荐我国职业接触二甲基乙酰胺工人尿中NMAC生物接触限值.结果 201名DMAC接触工人中接触浓度符合我国DMAC接触限值133名,占66.2％,接触浓度范围在0.40～300.12mg/m3,几何平均浓度为19.4 mg/m3.工作周末班未尿中NMAC浓度范围为1.30～189.42 mg/g Cr,几何平均浓度为23.7 mg/g Cr.尿中NMAC浓度与个体DMAC外暴露浓度有相关性(F=188.872,R2=0.487,P＜0.001),回归方程为log(NMAC mg/g Cr)=0.685+0.455 log(DMAC mg/m3).以我国DMAC职业接触限值PC-TWA为20 mg/m3推算,尿中NMAC浓度为18.92 mg/g Cr.当工作场所空气中DMAC＜20 mg/m3时,90％的工人尿中NMAC水平为23.9 mg/g Cr.按RIE指数推算的尿中NMAC为19.0 mg/g Cr.结论 参考国外DMAC生物接触限值标准,建议我国DMAC生物接触限值为工作周末班未尿中NMAC 20 mg/g Cr.     

老年病人熟悉的环境就意味着安全

Bennett太太 82岁 ,5年前 ,因为肠破裂 ,她已经有过一次临时结肠造瘘的经历。目前因为其充血性心力衰竭、失明、高血压、 型糖尿病以及听力障碍等原因 ,不得不进行结肠手术 ,而住进外科病房 ,离开她一直居住的护理院。医院安排人员连续看护 ,病房紧毗护理站 ,有一个柔软的触摸式传呼器。尽管有如此精心的护理 ,Bennett太太手术后依然意识障碍以及表现出偏执行为。与此同时 ,她的亲人尽可能花更多的时间陪伴她。术后给药量控制在最小限度 ,并保障在睡眠时不打扰她。Bennett太太是一个脾气很坏 ,性情固执的人。但是她慢慢开始信任护士而且…     

二甲基甲酰胺作业工人皮肤污染量研究

Objective To establish a method for the determination of dimethylformamide(DMF) and investigate dermal contamination and absorption among workers occupationally exposed to DMF. Method 37 workers exposed to DMF were divided randomly into two groups. DMF was washed down by isopropyl alcohol in A group (16 workers) and water in B group(21 workers).Gas chromatography was used for the quantification of dermal contamination and N-methylformamide(NMF) in urine, correlative study was done between them. Results DMF could be detected in all samples in A group, but could not be detected in B group. The miscel-laneous peaks could be completely separated from the DMF peak in the sample spectrum, without matual in-ference. The highest degree of total dermal contamination was observed in wet spinning workshop[(2.84±1.31 ) ing], postprocessing workshop[(2.50±0.95) mg] and dry spinning workshop[( 1.95±0.61) mg] were lower. The respiratory cumulative exposure dosages were 351.3, 201.3 and 135.2 mg respectively. The average DMP concentration in air of the third printing processing workshop, the dry spirning workshop and the wet spinning workshop was 60.2, 89.6, 156.4 mg/m3 respectively, and the respiratory tract contamination in the workers of the three workshops were 135.2, 201.3 and 351.3 mg respectively. There was statistical independence between the quantification of total dermal contamination and NMF in urine (r=0.176,P>0.05). Conclusion Isopropyl alcohol is the effective washing solvent.When the concentration of DMF in workplace air is above the occupa-tional exposure limit, respiratory tract absorption is the principal pathway of DMF absorption,but dermal con-tamination of DMF should not be ignored.