新疆13～18岁少数民族中学生1985和2010年的身体形态发育状况的比较研究

目的了解新疆地区13~18岁维、哈、柯等三个少数民族中学生的生长发育状况及之间存在的差异和原因,为改善新疆少数民族中学生体质健康水平提供科学依据。方法通过文献资料、数理统计、对比分析等研究方法,利用新疆地区1985年和2010年13~18岁少数民族学生体质健康调研所获得的数据,对该地区维、哈、柯等三个少数民族学生的身体形态发育状况作25年的动态观察、对比和分析。结果近25年间,新疆13~18岁维、哈、柯等少数民族中学生的身高、体重、胸围平均增长值基本保持增长(除了维女生身高,维、柯男生胸围指标外),平均增长值分别为:维男生3.3cm、3.9kg、-0.5cm,维女生-0.2cm、0.9kg、4.2cm;哈男生6.1cm、4.8kg、1.7cm,哈女生4cm、4.1kg、2.6cm;柯男生4.8cm、3.6kg、-0.5cm,柯女生3cm、3.3kg、0.4cm。维、哈、柯等少数民族学生的身体形态发育各有差异,总体水平:哈男、女生的身体形态发育水平优于维、柯男、女生,柯男、女生的优于维男、女生,且差异均有统计学意义(P0.05~0.001)。结论近25年间,新疆维、哈、柯等少数民族中学生的身体形态发育各有差异,身体形态发展不平衡,其原因是多方面的,除了遗传、历史、自然环境、学校、家庭、社会等因素外,最主要与新疆经济发展区域间存在不均衡性有关。     

Functional and chronic anorectal and pelvic pain disorders

Several organic and functional disorders of the urinary bladder, reproductive tract, anorectum, and the pelvic floor musculature cause pelvic pain. This article describes functional disorders in which chronic pelvic and anorectal pain cannot be explained by a structural or other specified pathology. Currently, these functional disorders are classified into urogynecologic conditions or cystitis and painful bladder syndrome, anorectal disorders, and the levator ani syndrome. Although nomenclature suggests that these conditions are distinct, there is considerable overlap of their symptoms and these disorders have much in common.     

新疆和田地区维吾尔族儿童糖尿病患病率调查

目的 调查新疆和田地区维吾尔族儿童糖尿病（diabetes mellitus,DM）患病率,以及DM患病的影响因素。 方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法抽取新疆和田地区5 308名在校中小学、幼儿园4~18岁儿童作为研究对象。调查方式包括问卷调查及身高、体重测量。对所有研究对象进行空腹指尖微量血糖检测,以调查DM和空腹血糖受损（impaired fasting glucose,IFG）的患病率。 结果 回收有效问卷5 184份,检出DM 14例（0.27%）,包括8例1型DM,2例2型DM,4例未分型DM;检出IFG 29例（0.56%）。男生和女生DM及IFG患病率的比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。4~<10岁、10~<15岁和15~18岁组DM的患病率分别为0.18%、0.47%、0.07%,各年龄组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0.072）;以上3个年龄组IFG的患病率分别为0.18%、0.94%、0.42%,各年龄组间比较差异有统计学意义（P=0.007）。DM儿童DM家族史比例和超重/肥胖比例显著高于非DM儿童（P<0.05）,而DM儿童喜食粗粮比例显著低于非DM儿童（P<0.05）。 结论 新疆和田地区维吾尔族儿童DM和IFG的患病率较低;不同性别和年龄段儿童DM患病率无明显不同,但不同年龄段儿童IFG患病率不同。DM家族史、超重/肥胖、粗粮摄取不足可能与DM的发生有关。     

Circulating markers of oxidative stress and liver fibrosis in Sudanese subjects at risk of schistosomiasis and hepatitis

Epidemiological studies in the developing world are frequently biased by the simultaneous presence of several infectious pathogens. In the present study, we examined the usefulness of circulating markers of oxidative stress and liver fibrosis to investigate the distinct forms of chronic liver inflammations associated with schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis, respectively. The study was performed in a Sudanese population exposed to Schistosoma. Circulating hyaluronic acid (HA) was used as a marker of liver fibrosis; the severity of schistosomiasis was determined by ultrasonic examination; viral hepatitis infection was ascertained by circulating anti-hepatitis antibodies. Serum markers were examined also in Sudanese subjects not exposed to Schistosoma infection and in French control subjects. We found a drastic decrease of lycopene levels in the subjects exposed to schistosomiasis in comparison with non-exposed Sudanese and French control subjects. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol and five carotenoids were unchanged. Lycopene depletion was unlikely to be due to variations of nutritional origin, since the lycopene/beta-carotene ratio was five-fold lower in the population at risk of schistosomiasis than in the other groups. We found that high HA serum levels were associated with severe periportal fibrosis but not with viral infection. Conversely, levels of the oxidized lipid malondialdehyde (MDA) were associated with viral infection but not with the severity of schistosomiasis, even though the two infections had additive effects. We concluded that serum markers are valuable tools for investigating the complex effects of co-existing factors of chronic liver inflammation.     

用乙肝诊断试剂盒对新疆野生啮齿动物进行血清学调查

目的调查新疆野生啮齿动物的血清中乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的存在状态.方法应用乙肝表面抗原诊断试剂盒和乙肝表面抗体诊断试剂盒,对野生啮齿动物进行了血清学调查.结果灰旱獭(Marmota baibacina)的阳性率为17.8%(24/135)、长尾黄鼠(Citellus undulatus)阳性率为17.4%(12/69)和赤颊黄鼠(Citellus erythrogenys)阳性为(8/15).结论血清学调查表明,野生啮齿动物血清中存在乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原.     

2016－2020年新疆维吾尔自治区人间布鲁氏菌病流行特征分析

  目的   分析新疆维吾尔自治区（新疆）人间布鲁氏菌病（布病）流行特征和现状,为今后制定防控策略提供参考依据。   方法   对2016 — 2020 年新疆报告的布病病例流行病学特征采用描述性方法进行分析。   结果   2016 — 2020年,新疆14个地（州、市）共报告布病病例23 045 例,平均发病率为91.33/10万。 病例主要分布在伊犁哈萨克自治州、昌吉回族自治州、塔城地区和阿克苏地区,占总病例数的59.12%（13 625/23 045）。 报告病例数呈逐年下降趋势,发病率由2016年的31.14/10万降低到2020年的10.19/10万。 布病发病高峰在每年的5 — 8月,各年龄组均有病例报告,年龄最小1月龄,最大94岁,平均41岁,以30～50岁组报告病例数最多（占66.70%）。 男性16 347例,女性6 698例,男女性别比为2.44∶1。 职业以农牧民占比最高,为68.90%。   结论   新疆布病报告病例数和发病率整体呈逐年下降趋势,但报告病例分布范围较广,建议加强多部门联防联控,落实相关防控措施。     

Rheumatoid arthritis and anti-thyroid antibodies

The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of B cell responses in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and healthy individuals of different ages, vaccinated with the pandemic (p)2009 influenza vaccine. The in vivo response was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay, which represents the most established correlate with vaccine protectiveness. The in vitro response was measured by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in cultures of vaccine-stimulated PBMC. Both responses are somewhat impaired in IBD patients undergoing anti-TNF-α treatment but these are much more decreased in IBD patients undergoing treatment with anti-TNF-α and immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. These latter patients had in vivo and in vitro B cell responses similar to those of elderly individuals. Moreover, as we have previously demonstrated in healthy subjects, the in vitro response to the polyclonal stimulus CpG may be used as a biomarker for subsequent vaccine response and AID activation is correlated with the serum response in IBD patients, as it is in healthy individuals. These results altogether indicate that IBD patients on anti-TNF-α and IS have significantly impaired in vivo and in vitro B cell responses, as compared to those on monotherapy. This is the first report to demonstrate that B cell defects, as measured by the autonomous AID reporter, in IBD patients contribute to reduced humoral responses to the influenza vaccine, as we have previously shown for elderly individuals.