58例炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤临床特点与疗效分析

目的 分析炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤患者局部区域复发风险和影响长期生存的相关因素。方法 回顾分析2002—2017年本院收治的58例首程治疗或首程辅助治疗的炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤患者资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析。结果 中位随访34个月,单纯手术50例,手术+辅助放疗7例。17例治疗失败,16例为LRR,3例DM中2例合并局部失败。5例死因为肿瘤复发或转移。5年LRRFS率为75%、OS率为90%。单因素分析提示手术切缘(P=0.018)及肿瘤局部分期(P=0)是影响LRRFS因素。结论 外科根治性切除联合辅助治疗是提高炎性肌纤维母细胞瘤疗效的关键。     

蝶窦原发恶性肿瘤16例治疗分析

目的 分析原发蝶窦恶性肿瘤治疗结果。方法 回顾分析2000—2013年我院收治的原发蝶窦恶性肿瘤16例。初诊无颈部淋巴结发生转移。Ⅳ_A期1例, Ⅳ_B期15例。治疗方法包括手术+放疗11例、单纯手术1例、单纯放疗3例、单纯化疗1例。手术全部为减瘤手术。放疗中位剂量69.96 Gy (56.00~ 80.56 Gy)。结果 全组3年LC、DMFS、DFS、DSS分别为67%、69%、44%、58%, 减瘤术+放疗组分别为67%、55%、30%、41%。全部保留眶内容物及颅底。全组LR率25%, 远处转移率37%, 淋巴结复发率6%。预后分析未见与LC率及DSS相关因素。结论 蝶窦肿瘤经减瘤手术+术后放疗在保留眼眶及颅底前提下能取得良好疗效。蝶窦肿瘤治疗后淋巴结复发率低, 临床不建议常规颈部淋巴结预防照射。     

416例鼻咽癌调强放疗远期生存与影响因素分析

目的 总结鼻咽癌调强放疗(IMRT)的远期生存与影响因素。方法 本院2001—2009年采用IMRT技术治疗初程鼻咽癌患者 416例,鼻咽原发灶、阳性淋巴结的大体肿瘤体积处方剂量为 70~78 Gy,临床靶体积处方剂量为60 Gy,淋巴结阴性引流区处方剂量为 50~56 Gy。Ⅲ+Ⅳ期 333例中 187例接受以顺铂30 mg/m²每周1次为主的同期化疗。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率并Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox法多因素预后分析。结果 随访率98.0%,随访超过 5年的 158例。影响总生存的因素有性别(χ²=4.59,P=0.03)、年龄(χ²=11.20,P=0.00)、T分期(χ²=19.40,P=0.00),N分期(χ²=18.00,P=0.00),T分期影响局部控制(χ²=34.80,P=0.00),T分期、N分期均影响无瘤生存率和无远处转移生存(χ²=33.50、21.20,P=0.00、0.00和 χ²=11.90、14.60,P=0.01、0.01)。Ⅲ+Ⅳ期 333例中同期放化疗(187例)和单纯放疗(146例)的 5年局部控制率为82.2%和90.7%(χ²=1.72, P=0.19)、总生存率为70.2%和83.4%(χ²=1.42,P=0.23)、无瘤生存率为62.8%和73.2%(χ²=2.83,P=0.09)、无远处转移生存率为78.0%和83.2%(χ²=0.37,P=0.55)。结论 鼻咽癌IMRT取得较好疗效,但同期化疗的作用仍有待进一步证实。     

人转化生长因子β3的构建

目的:获取人转化生长因子β₃的编码基因,开发抗衰老的皮肤药物。 方法：采用重叠PCR的方法,设计4对引物,进行4次PCR合成人转化生长因子β₃的编码基 因。 结果：4次PCR后,经2％的琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见一357 bp的条带,将电泳产物回收,连接入pMD-18T载体,经测序分析证实,所获得DNA片段为人转化生长因子β₃的编码基因。 结论：利用重叠PCR方法能够成功构建人转化生长因子β₃的编码基因。     

黄芪注射液对糖尿病动物不同器官病理进程的影响

目的探讨黄芪注射液对糖尿病大鼠心、肾、肝、胰腺器官病理改变进程的影响,寻找出黄芪治疗的敏感器官,有针对性地使用该中药制剂进行糖尿病治疗。方法注射使Wistar大鼠建立糖尿病模型,将糖尿病大鼠分为糖尿病组(DM)和黄芪治疗组(RA),另设一正常组动物。黄芪治疗组动物每天给予黄芪注射液腹腔注射3.3 ml/kg,糖尿病组动物每天给予生理盐水腹腔注射3.3 ml/kg,连续注射30天,观察各组大鼠肝脏、肾脏、心脏和胰腺形态的变化。结果 RA治疗7 d、14 d、30 d和60 d时,RA组和DM组大鼠的肝脏、肾脏和心脏的病理改变没有显著的差异,与正常大鼠的组织结构相似。30 d时,DM组大鼠的胰腺的病理改变明显,胰腺内有较多的炎细胞浸润,并且细胞数目减少。RA治疗60天时,RA组和DM组大鼠肝脏、心脏的病理组织改变不明显,与正常大鼠的组织结构相似。与RA组相比较,60 d时,DM组大鼠肾脏和胰腺的病理改变明显,胰岛内细胞松散明显,细胞数明显减少,细胞核大小不一,半数细胞内可见明显的空泡,可见明显的炎细胞浸润。RA治疗组大鼠的肾脏和胰腺的病理组织改变不明显,与正常大鼠的组织结构相似。结论 RA能够延缓或阻止STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠组织器官的病理进程。     

Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.     

口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤颈部淋巴结转移规律及颈部预防治疗的价值

目的 分析口腔黏膜恶性黑色素瘤(OMM)颈部淋巴结转移规律以及颈部预防治疗的价值。方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院1984-2016年间收治的61例无远处转移的OMM病例的颈部淋巴结转移规律,颈部预防治疗疗效,失败模式及预后因素。结果 OMM颈部淋巴结转移率为55.7%。Ⅰ b区是最常见的颈部淋巴结转移区域,占颈部淋巴结转移患者的76%,其次是Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区。对于cN0患者,接受至少同侧Ⅰ b-Ⅲ区颈部预防治疗和未接受的5年无区域复发生存率分别为91.7%和52.4%(P=0.036),接受至少同侧Ⅰ b-Ⅲ区颈部预防治疗能将区域失败率由46%降至6%(P=0.035)。发生区域失败患者中93%发生在Ⅰ b区,50%发生在Ⅱ区,36%发生在Ⅲ区。结论 OMM颈部淋巴结转移率较高,淋巴结引流具有一定规律性,最常见转移和复发部位均为Ⅰ b-Ⅲ区。对于cN0的OMM,推荐至少包括同侧颈部Ⅰ b-Ⅲ区的预防治疗。     

盐酸罗哌卡因对胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的作用

目的:探讨盐酸罗哌卡因对人胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:细胞计数试剂盒（CCK-8）检测盐酸罗哌卡因对MGC-803细胞增殖能力的影响,并确定盐酸罗哌卡因的用药浓度,流式细胞术检测盐酸罗哌卡因对MGC-803细胞周期的影响,Annexin V-FITC/PI法检测盐酸罗哌卡因对MGC-803细胞凋亡的影响,蛋白免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测盐酸罗哌卡因对MGC-803细胞中B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2（Bcl-2）、Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）和剪切的含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3（Cleaved Caspase-3）蛋白表达水平。结果:随着盐酸罗哌卡因用药浓度的升高,MGC-803细胞增殖能力逐渐降低,根据CCK-8实验结果分别筛选出浓度为10、50 μg/ml和100 μg/ml的盐酸罗哌卡因用于后续实验。盐酸罗哌卡因能够明显阻滞细胞周期于G2期,诱导细胞凋亡,抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达,促进Bax和Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达。结论:盐酸罗哌卡因能够抑制胃癌MGC-803细胞增殖,阻碍MGC-803细胞周期进程,诱导细胞凋亡,该过程可能与下调Bcl-2蛋白表达,上调Bax和Cleaved Caspase-3蛋白表达有关。     

老年头颈恶性肿瘤患者放疗前后心理痛苦状态分析

目的:评估≥60岁老年头颈部恶性肿瘤患者调强放疗(IMRT)前后的心理痛苦情况。方法:采用心理痛苦温度计对85例老年头颈部恶性肿瘤患者进行IMRT前、后心理痛苦程度和痛苦问题前瞻性调查。IMRT前后比较采用配对 t检验,采用 Logistic回归模型分析相关因素。 结果:全组中位年龄为...     

Comparison of acute toxicities between two postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy regimens of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer

Objective To compare the acute toxicities between two prospective, non-randomize phase Ⅱ trials on adjuvant radiochemotherapy of capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin in patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer. Methods From March 2005 to November 2007,based on two fulfilled phase Ⅰ studies,two phase Ⅱ trials were launched respectively to further observe the tolerance and toxicity. In one tria1,118 patients were treated with concurrent capecitabine and radiotherapy (Cap-CRT trial), with radio-therapy of DT50 Gy/25 F/5 wks to the pelvis, and capecitabine at a dose of 1600 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). In the other trial, 90 patients received concurrent oxaliplatin, capecitabine and radiothera-py(Cap-Oxa-CRT trial), with the same radiotherapy schedule, while oxaliplatin at a dose of 70 mg/m2(d1, d8) and capecitabine of 1300 mg/m2/d(d1-d14,3 weeks per cycle). Results There was no significant difference in the delay of radiotherapy (10.2% vs 6.7%, X2=0.80, P=0.460) or chemotherapy (9.3% vs 19.1%, X2=4.80,P=0.090) between Cap-CRT and Cap-Oxa-CRT trials. Grade 1-4 leukopenia,diar-rhea and nausea were the most common acute side-effects in the both trials, accounting for 70.2%, 65.9% and 42.3%, respectively. When comparing with Cap-CRT trial, Cap-Oxa-CRT trial had significantly more grade 1-4 non-hemotological toxicities, mainly in Gl,including nausea (68.9% vs 22.0%, X2=46.90, P= 0.000), diarrbea(76.7% vs 57.6%, X2=13.50, P=0.009), fatigne(47.8% vs 13.7%, X2=18.90,P= 0.000), hand-foot syndrome (14.4% vs 4.2%, X2=7.10, P=0.029), and inappetence (50.0% vs. 27.9%, X2 = 25.70, P=0.000), but not in hematological toxities of leukopenia, anemia or thrombocytope-nia. Of all the patients,grade 3 and grade 4 toxicities were diarrhea(24.0% and 1.0%),leukopenia(4.3% and 0.0%),radiation-induced dermatitis(3.8% and 0.0%),cramping abdominal pain(1.0% and 0.0%) and fatigue(0.5% and 0.0%). Only grade 3 and 4 diarrhea was significantly more in Cap-Oxa-CRT trial than in Cap-CBT trial(33.0% vs 18.6%, X2=5.90,P=0.023). Conclusions For patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ rectal cancer,both the postoperative concurrent radiochemotherapy regimens are tolerable,though Cap-Oxa-CRT trial has more grade 3 and 4 diarrhea.