计算机体层成像多平面重建在评价椎间融合中的作用

目的 探讨计算机体层成像多平面重建(CTMPR)在评价椎间融合中的作用,寻找定量评价椎间融合的新方法.方法 13例行腰椎间融合的患者术后1周、3个月、6个月行CTMPR,行椎间融合器(Cage)内植骨CT值定量测量.结果 术后1周Cage内植骨CT值为(619.52±26.97)Hu,术后3个月为(628.69±42.60)Hu,术后6个月为(657.77±37.43)Hu.术后1周与术后3个月相比无显著性差异,与术后6个月相比有显著性差异.结论 CT值的测量在椎间融合的判断中具有高准确性.     

羟基磷灰石/多聚左旋乳酸椎间融合器的力学评价

目的:评价羟基磷灰石和多聚左旋乳酸(hydroxyapatite/poly-L-lacticacid,HA/PLLA)制成的可吸收性腰椎椎间融合器(cage)的力学特性。方法:形状相同的HA/PLLAcage和Brantigan碳纤维cage及与cage外径相同的人尸体髂骨块各16枚,在材料实验机MTS上分别将3种椎体间置入体行压缩破坏(n=8)和压缩疲劳(n=8)试验,记录置入体压缩破坏时的最大压力、弹性系数以及1万次压力负荷后的高度变形率,并加以比较。结果:在瞬间破坏压力和弹性系数方面,HA/PLLAcage和碳纤维cage均显著高于髂骨块(P<0.05),但两种cage间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。1万次压力负荷后,两种cage的高度压缩率均显著小于髂骨块(P<0.05),且HA/PLLAcage的平均压缩率显著小于碳纤维cage(P<0.05)。结论:HA/PLLAcage和碳纤维cage较髂骨块具有更强的力学稳定性;与碳纤维cage相比,HA/PLLAcage不仅具有同等的瞬间抗破坏强度,而且具有更强的抗重复负荷变形的能力。     

记忆合金网球与单纯减压植骨治疗股骨头坏死的对照研究

目的对比研究记忆合金网球植入与单纯减压植骨两种方法治疗成人股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效.方法成人股骨头缺血性坏死(FicatⅡ～Ⅲ期)45例,分别采用记忆合金网球植入和单纯减压植骨+股方肌骨瓣移植治疗,网球组23例26髋,减压植骨组22例26髋,分别观察两组病例的手术时间,术中出血量,术后髋关节的功能评分.结果网球组和减压植骨组的手术时间和出血量,分别为62.4±20.5 min、50.8±16.6 min(P＜0.05)和180.6±38.5 ml、169.9±45.8 ml(P＞0.05),术后所有病例经平均32个月随访,采用百分评分法评价,网球组的优良率为88.4%,减压植骨组的优良率为53.8%(P＜0.05).结论记忆合金网球植入能增加股骨头的机械支撑力,重建股骨头血运,延长股骨头的使用年限.     

Differential effects of two types of environmental novelty on activity and sleep in BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice

Change in the sleeping environment can produce significant alterations in sleep. To determine how these alterations may vary with the amount of change and the relative reactivity of the sleeper, we examined the influences of environmental novelty on sleep in two mouse strains that differ in behavioral anxiety. Mice [BALB/cJ (n=7) and C57BL/6J (n=8)] were implanted for recording EEG and activity via telemetry. Following baseline data collection, activity and sleep were examined over 46 h after routine cage change, after placing a simple novel object (PVC Tee) in the home cage, and after handling controls. Mice of both strains showed immediate increases in activity and decreases in rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and non-REM (NREM) after cage change and novel object. Within strain, changes in activity and sleep were greater after cage change than after novel object. Changes in activity and sleep time were significantly correlated in each strain. Compared to C57BL/6J mice, BALB/cJ mice exhibited greater and longer duration initial reductions in sleep time, and greater increases in EEG slow wave activity power after cage change and novel object, but these changes were not followed with subsequent increases in sleep time. In contrast, C57BL/6J mice showed significantly greater subsequent increases in sleep time following the initial reductions induced by both manipulations. The results suggest that initial decreases and subsequent increases in sleep time are related to putative differences in the intensity of environmental novelty (cage change>novel object) and to previously described strain differences in anxiety (BALB/cJ>C57BL/6J).     

皮质骨圈在椎弓根钉固定系统中支撑作用的生物力学评价

目的：了解脊椎椎弓根钉固定系统在人体皮质骨圈（allograft fusion cage,AFC)植入椎间隙前后对脊柱稳定性的影响。方法：在8具新鲜成年猪离体腰椎标上，以L2－3，L3－R，L4－5节段为实验对象，测试各节段在正常状态下（正常组）、椎间盘切除并Steffee钢板固定（内固定组）、椎间盘切除AFC植入Steffee钢板固定（AFC组）等三种种状态下的轴向压缩刚度。结果：（1）内固定组节段轴向压缩刚度为正常组的14．0％；（2）AFC组节段的轴向压缩刚度明显增加，达到了正常椎间的轴向压缩刚度；（3）在相同轴向压缩载荷作用下，AFC给椎弓根钉受力移位较内固定组明显减小。结论：脊椎椎弓根钉固定系统在AFC椎间植入后，对脊椎稳定性较无AFC植入显著增强，其受力移位明显减小，即可显著减少临床断钉。钢板折弯的机会。     

Alignment in Medial Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: The Limb Has a Leg Up on the Component

BackgroundTo assess how implant alignment affects unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) outcome, we compared tibial component alignment of well-functioning UKAs against 2 groups of failed UKAs, revised for progression of lateral compartment arthritis (“Progression”) and aseptic loosening (“Loosening”).MethodsWe identified 37 revisions for Progression and 61 revisions for Loosening from our prospective institutional database of 3351 medial fixed-bearing UKAs performed since 2000. Revision cohorts were matched on age, gender, body mass index, and postoperative range of motion with “Successful” unrevised UKAs with minimum 10-year follow-up and Knee Society Score ≥70. Tibial component coronal (TCA) and sagittal (TSA) plane alignment was measured on postoperative radiographs. Limb alignment was quantified by hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle on long-leg radiographs. In addition to directly comparing groups, a multivariate logistic regression examined how limb and component alignments were associated with UKA revision.ResultsIn the Progression group, component alignment was similar to the matched successes (TCA 3.6° ± 3.5° varus vs 5.1° ± 3.5° varus, P = .07; TSA 8.4° ± 4.4° vs 8.8° ± 3.6°, P = .67), whereas HKA angle was significantly more valgus (0.3° ± 3.6° valgus vs 4.4° ± 2.6° varus, P < .001). Loosening group component alignment was also similar to the matched successes (TCA 6.1° ± 3.7° varus vs 5.9° ± 3.1° varus, P = .72; TSA 8.4° ± 4.6° vs 8.1° ± 3.9°, P = .68), and HKA was significantly more varus (6.1° ± 3.1° varus vs 4.0° ± 2.7° varus, P < .001). Using a multivariate logistic regression, HKA angle was the most significant factor associated with revision (P < .001).ConclusionIn this population of revised UKAs and long-term successes, limb alignment was a more important determinant of outcome than tibial component alignment.Level of EvidenceLevel III case-control study.     

腰椎斜外侧椎间融合术后融合器沉降的原因分析

目的:观察斜外侧椎间融合(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)治疗腰椎病变术后融合器沉降现象,总结融合器沉降特点,并分析其原因,提出预防性措施。方法:回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年12月收治的144例腰椎病变资料,其中男43例,女101例;年龄20~81(60.90±10.06)岁;腰椎间盘退行性病变17例,巨大型腰椎间盘突出12例,椎间盘源性腰痛5例,腰椎管狭窄症33例,腰椎退行性滑脱26例,腰椎椎弓峡部裂伴椎体滑脱28例,腰椎内固定术后邻椎病11例,炎症转归期原发性椎间隙炎7例,腰椎退行性侧后凸5例。术前双能X线骨密度检查提示存在骨量减少或骨质疏松57例,骨密度正常87例。融合节段数:单节段124例,2节段11例,3节段8例,4节段1例。采用Stand-alone OLIF 40例,OLIF联合后路椎弓根螺钉固定104例。记录术后融合器沉降的发生情况,对可能风险因素进行单因素分析,观察融合器沉降对于临床结果的影响。结果:所有手术顺利完成,手术时间中位数99 min,术中出血量中位数106 ml;术中发生终板损伤30例,合并椎体骨折5例。所有患者获得随访,时间6~30(14.57±7.14)个月。随访过程中除原发性腰椎间隙炎病例、部分腰椎椎弓峡部裂伴椎体滑脱病例,其余出现不同程度的融合器沉降现象,其中正常沉降119例,异常沉降25例(Ⅰ级23例,Ⅱ级2例)。未出现椎弓根螺钉系统松动或断裂现象,椎间隙高度由术前的(9.48±1.84) mm恢复至术后3~5 d的(12.65±2.03) mm及末次随访时的 (10.51±1.81) mm,术后3~5 d与术前比较、末次随访与术后3~5 d比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。椎间融合率为94.4%(136/144)。腰痛和腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分别由术前的(6.55±2.29)、(4.72±1.49)分降低至末次随访时的(1.40±0.82)、(0.60±0.03)分(P<0.000 1);ODI由术前的(38.50±6.98)%恢复至末次随访时的(11.30±3.27)%(P<0.05)。并发症发生率为31.3%(45/144),再手术率9.72%(14/144),其中因融合器沉降或移位而再次手术8例,占再手术的57.14%(8/14)。单因素分析结果显示:在骨量减少或骨质疏松组、Stand-alone OLIF组、2节段或以上融合组、终板损伤组中其异常沉降例数分别高于骨量正常组、OLIF联合椎弓根螺钉固定组、单节段融合组、终板无损伤组。结论:融合器沉降是OLIF术后较为常见的现象,术前骨量减少或骨质疏松、Stand-alone OLIF应用、2节段或以上融合和术中终板损伤可能是术后融合器沉降的重要因素。虽然融合器沉降程度与临床症状无明显相关,但存在融合器移位的风险,需要加强预防,以降低因融合器沉降而带来的严重并发症,包括再手术。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定联合Cage治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨后路椎弓根螺钉内固定联合椎间融合器(Cage)治疗腰椎滑脱症的疗效。方法分析自2000年4月~2003年12月,采用后路椎管及神经根管减压,短节段椎弓根系统固定联合Cage治疗腰椎滑脱症共12例,按M eyer-d ing分度:Ⅰ°滑脱7例,Ⅱ°滑脱4例,Ⅲ°滑脱1例。术后随访2~4.5年,平均3.2年。结果12例患者椎体间骨性融合率1年89%,2.3年达100%,优良率为91.7%。结论采用椎弓根内固定系统结合Cage治疗腰椎滑脱效果良好,二者能够相互协同,相互促进,符合腰椎生物力学的要求,是治疗腰椎滑脱症的有效方法之一。     

同种异体骨 Cage 在经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合手术中的应用

目的评估同种异体骨 Cage 在经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion，TLIF）术后的融合效果。方法回顾分析 2015 年 1 月—2017 年 1 月使用同种异体骨 Cage 行 TLIF 的 30 例患者（38 个节段）临床资料。男 25 例，女 5 例；年龄 44～72 岁，平均 56.9 岁。腰椎间盘突出症 20 例，腰椎滑脱 7 例，腰椎管狭窄 3 例。手术节段：单节段 22 例，L_3、4 4 例，L_4、5 13 例，L₅、S₁ 5 例；双节段 8 例，L_4、5～L₅、S₁ 6 例，L_3、4～L_4、5 2 例。病程 6～36 个月，平均 12 个月。术前，术后 3、6 个月及末次随访时采用疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Oswestry 功能障碍指数（ODI）和日本骨科协会（JOA）评分评估临床疗效；术后 3、6 个月摄正侧位 X 线片及行 CT 三维重建评估融合率；术前及术后 3 d、3 个月、6 个月分别摄腰椎正侧位 X 线片测量椎间隙高度。 结果手术时间 2.1～4.3 h，平均 3.1 h；术中出血量 150～820 mL，平均 407.5 mL。30 例均获随访，随访时间 8～25 个月，平均 16.4 个月。1 例术后 6 个月出现 Cage 下缘碎裂，不伴 Cage 移动，无神经症状；其余患者均无 Cage 脱出、位移、碎裂等情况发生。所有患者均无局部或全身变态反应或感染征象，随访期间无神经压迫、受损症状。30 例患者术后各时间点 VAS 评分、ODI 评分及 JOA 评分均较术前显著改善（P<0.05）；术后 6 个月及末次随访时显著优于术后 3 个月（P<0.05）；术后 6 个月和末次随访间比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。X 线片及 CT 三维重建示，术后 3、6 个月及末次随访时的融合率分别为 55.3%（21/38）、92.1%（35/38）、100%（38/38）。术后 3 d、3 个月、6 个月及末次随访时椎间隙高度均较术前显著改善（P<0.05）；末次随访时与术后 3 d 比较椎间隙高度有所丢失，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论同种异体骨 Cage 在腰椎 TLIF 术后可提供早期稳定性和较高融合率。