The effect of trimodal prehabilitation on the physical and psychological health of patients undergoing colorectal surgery: a randomised clinical trial

Prehabilitation aims to increase the endurance capacity of patients who are awaiting major surgery. However, there are no studies investigating the implementation of this demanding and expensive intervention in low-income countries. This study aimed to assess the impact of a 4-week trimodal prehabilitation program on the physical and psychological health of patients waiting for colorectal surgery compared with a control group managed according to enhanced recovery after surgery principles supplemented by nutritional care. This study was a single-centre, randomised controlled trial. The primary outcome measures for the physical aspects were 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) and incentive spirometry, whereas the psychological elements were measured using the 36-item short form survey questionnaire and the hospital anxiety and depression score. In total, data from 149 patients were analysed (77 in the prehabilitation group and 72 in the control group). At the time of surgery, patients in the prehabilitation group had improved 6MWD and incentive spirometry compared with the control group (median (IQR [range]) percentage improvement 131% (112–173 [68–376]) vs. 107% (99–120 [63–163]); p < 0.001 and 113% (100–125 [75–200]) vs. 100% (100–112 [86–167]); p < 0.001 respectively). Patients in the prehabilitation group also had reduced anxiety scores compared with the control group (mean (SD) anxiety score (4 (3) vs. 5 (3) respectively; p = 0.032). However, these effects did not translate into improvements in postoperative mortality and morbidity, or a reduction in duration of hospital stay. Trimodal (physical, emotional and nutritional) prehabilitation is able to improve functional status as well as some parameters of emotional and physical well-being of patients waiting for colorectal surgery.     

从围手术期处理到围手术期病人之家：认识进展与展望

随着社会老龄化及环境、工作模式等外部因素的改变,外科治疗病种发生了巨大变化,需要外科治疗的复杂免疫疾病、肿瘤及器官移植等病种数量显著增加。为适应这一新形势,围手术期处理理念取得显著进步,学术界正在探索并建立以多学科团队为基础、多级医疗机构相互配合甚至整合全社会医疗资源共同参与的围手术期病人之家运行模式,实现以病人为中心、以优化外科疾病治疗全流程为目的的综合治疗体系,促进病人的术后康复。     

围手术期外科之家在减重代谢外科的应用

围手术期外科之家（PSH）是对病人从术前准备到术后随访进行重新设计的临床新理念,强调从评估手术指征到围手术期并发症预防的长程管理模式。PSH涵盖了以往围手术期医学和加速康复理念。PSH理念更适合针对接受减重代谢手术的重度肥胖病人院前和围手术期管理以及长期随访,即在院前对于病人的伴发疾病进行干预,包括术前减重,心肺功能改善,血糖血压治疗等;住院以后针对病人的心理问题以及维生素缺乏、肝肾功能障碍、心肺功能进行评估,在术后施行加速康复措施,全程优化病人术式选择以及术后康复指导等。针对减重手术的特殊性,倡导终身随访,多学科团队干预,特别是内分泌科营养科以及心理医师进行术后的随访指导等。PSH理念可以为重度肥胖病人提供多学科全程围手术期管理,提高安全性。     

Can physical prehabilitation prevent complications after colorectal cancer surgery in frail older patients?

IntroductionFrail patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are at increased risk of complications after surgery. Prehabilitation seems promising to improve this outcome and therefore we evaluated the effect of physical prehabilitation on postoperative complications in a retrospective cohort of frail CRC patients.MethodsThe study consisted of all consecutive non-metastatic CRC patients ≥70 years who had elective surgery from 2014 to 2019 in a teaching hospital in the Netherlands, where a physical prehabilitation program was implemented from 2014 on. We performed both an intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis to evaluate postoperative complications in the physical prehabilitation (PhP) and non-prehabilitation (NP) group.ResultsEventually, 334 elective patients were included. The 124 (37.1%) patients in the PhP-group presented with higher age, higher comorbidity scores and walking-aid use compared to the NP-group. Medical complications occurred in 26.6% of the PhP-group and in 20.5% of the NP-group (p = 0.20) and surgical complications in 19.4% and 14.3% (p = 0.22) respectively. In all frailty subgroups, the medical complications were lower in the PhP-group compared to the NP-group (35.9% vs. 45.5% for patients with ≥2 comorbidities, 36.2% vs. 39.1% for ASA score ≥ III, 29.2% vs. 45.8% for walking-aid use). Differences were not significant.ConclusionsIn this study, patients selected for physical prehabilitation had a worse frailty profile and therefore a higher a priori risk of postoperative complications. However, the postoperative complication rate was not increased compared to patients who were less frail at baseline and without prehabilitation. Hence, physical prehabilitation may prevent postoperative complications in frail CRC patients ≥70 years.     

三联预康复策略在肝癌腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用价值

目的:探讨三联预康复策略在肝癌腹腔镜肝切除术中的应用价值。方法:选取2015年1月至2018年1月四川大学华西医院胆道外科收治的120例行腹腔镜肝切除术的肝癌患者，按随机数字表法分为观察组及对照组各60例。观察组在门诊收治当日开始三联预康复策略干预，干预时间约2～4周；对照组予以常规肝癌腹腔镜肝切除术术前准备。于干预前、术前1天及术后4周分别记录六分钟步行距离(6MWT)、医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)评分、健康调查简表(SF-36)评分及检测血清白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、转铁蛋白(TRF)水平。结果:术前1天，观察组6MWT、血清ALB、PA、TRF水平高于干预前(P＜0.05)；对照组6MWT、血清ALB、PA、TRF水平与干预前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；术后4周，观察组6MWT、血清ALB、PA、TRF水平与干预前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；对照组6MWT、血清ALB、PA、TRF水平低于干预前(P＜0.05)；术前1天、术后4周观察组HADS评分低于干预前，SF-36评分高于干预前(P＜0.05)；对照组HADS、SF-36评分与干预前差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)；术前1天、术后4周，观察组6MWT、SF-36评分、血清ALB、PA、TRF水平高于对照组，HADS评分低于对照组(P＜0.05)。结论:三联预康复策略应用于肝癌腹腔镜肝切除术可明显改善患者围术期活动能力、心理状态及营养状况，加速患者术后恢复。