神经导航辅助显微手术治疗脑功能区肿瘤

目的探讨神经导航系统辅助下脑重要功能区肿瘤显微手术的治疗效果和应用价值。方法1999年12月～2002年6月应用StealthStation神经导航系统辅助切除邻近脑重要功能区肿瘤10例,对神经导航系统术中应用的优越性、精确性等进行分析。结果本组平均注册误差为(2.8±0.9)mm,肿瘤和重要解剖功能结构定位准确,肿瘤全切除率77.8%。术后神经功能未受明显影响,无手术并发症及死亡。结论神经导航系统对于切除邻近脑重要功能区肿瘤具有定位准确,动态示踪和实时导航,侵袭性小,安全、可靠等特点,有助于提高肿瘤全切率及降低手术并发症。     

神经导航下锁孔开颅显微手术切除脑深部海绵状血管瘤(附15例分析)

目的探讨神经导航下锁孔开颅显微手术切除脑深部海绵状血管瘤的技巧及疗效。方法对15例脑深部海绵状血管病人在神经导航下行锁孔开颅，运用显微神经外科技术切除病灶。结果本组脑深部海绵状血管瘤均取得了显微镜下全切除。术中出血少，均未输血。病人术后恢复良好，无手术死亡。结论采用神经导航技术可精确定位脑深部病变，锁孔手术又是处理颅内病变的微创神经外科技术。正确应用这两项技术，结合熟练的显微神经外科技巧，可明显提高脑深部海绵状血管瘤的临床治疗效果。     

无框架MRI导航下的内镜经蝶鞍区肿瘤切除术

目的探讨无框架MRI导航系统在内镜经蝶垂体腺瘤和颅咽管瘤切除术中的作用.方法对8例垂体腺瘤和2例颅咽管瘤病人在无框架MRI影像导航引导内镜下经蝶入路切除肿瘤.结果机器定位误差平均1.5mm,重要结构和病变定位满意,导航注册时间平均5 min,手术时间平均50min,术后病人症状均减轻.结论在内镜经蝶鞍区手术治疗中,无框架影像导航使重要结构及病变定位准确,可在手术中发挥重要作用.     

CT-Based Needle Marking of Superficial Intracranial Lesions for Minimal Invasive Neurosurgery

A CT-based method of marking superficial intracranial lesions with a needle is presented. This form of neuronavigation can be applied in every neurosurgical centre. Owing to its rapid application it is also suitable for cases of emergency. The neurosurgical approach can be centred precisely over the lesion providing for a minimally invasive operation. The method has proved its efficacy in numerous cases of haematomas and cystic lesions.     

Image Guided Neuroendoscopy for Third Ventriculostomy

Summary  Third ventriculostomy has become an increasing popular procedure for the treatment of hydrocephalus of different aetiologies. Between october 1997 and october 1998, 17 patients (12 females, 5 males; 12–82 year-old; mean age 43) underwent image-assisted endoscopic third ventriculostomy for hydrocephalus at the Istituto Nazionale Neurologico “C.Besta” of Milano. There was no mortality and no long term morbidity. Neuronavigation has been found useful in selecting the safest trajectory to the target avoiding any traction on the foramen of Monro related structures and allowing the necessary mobility for fine adjustments under visual and “tactile” control when choosing the safest point to perform the stoma.  According to our experience neuro-endoscopy and neuronavigation seems to be complementary in reaching easy, safe and successful results in the treatment of hydrocephalus of different origins.     

Open MRI-Guided Microsurgery of Intracranial Tumours. Preliminary Experience Using a Vertical Open MRI-Scanner

Summary ? Objectives. A number of different image-guided surgical techniques have been developed during the past decade. None of these methods can provide the surgeon with information about the dynamic changes that occur intra-operatively. The development of open configurated MRI-scanners leads to new perspectives in the intra-operative management and resection control of intracranial tumours.  Material and Method. Using a vertical open 0.5 T MRI-scanner for intra-operative MR image guided neurosurgery, forty-four patients (20 female/24 male) with different intracranial tumours have been operated on since August 1997. The patients ranged in age from 20 to 70 years (mean±standard deviation=47.2±15.9 ys).  Results. In 36 (82%) of 44 patients the tumours were completely removed with the aid of MR image-guidance. In 8 cases (18%) complete removal was not achieved. Postoperatively 6 (14%) of 44 patients developed neurological deficits which were transient in 5 cases (paresis, dysphasia). In these patients the tumours were located in or near eloquent brain areas (sensorimotor cortex/speech center).  Conclusion. Intra-operative MRI is helpful for navigation as well as determining of tumour margins to achieve a complete and safe resection of intracranial lesions. Complications related to the surgical procedure are reduced and the risk of neurological deterioration due to tumour removal and postoperative complications is minimized. It can be concluded that the intra-operative application of interventional MRI technology may represent a major step foreward in the field of neurosurgery.     

椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤的治疗方法探讨

目的：探讨椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤的治疗方法与策略。方法33例患者经全脑血管造影术证实为椎基底动脉分支大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉、小脑前下动脉与小脑后下动脉之远端动脉瘤,分别为8例、6例、9例、10例。其中血管内栓塞治疗29例,直接行开颅动脉瘤夹闭术2例,数字减影血管造影（DSA）与磁共振成像（MRI）三维影像融合数据输入神经导航,在神经导航指引下行开颅动脉瘤灼闭手术1例,1例因血管内栓塞治疗失败未进行手术治疗。结果所有病例无手术相关死亡,2例患者行弹簧圈栓塞术,术后1 d 患者再出血死亡,1例栓塞未成功又未行手术患者病情好转出院,余30例患者未发生术后再出血。结论椎基底动脉分支远端动脉瘤多数手术治疗难度大,应首选血管内栓塞治疗。     

神经导航引导经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝治疗三叉神经痛的研究

目的 探讨神经导航引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝术在治疗三叉神经痛中的应用.方法 选取我科神经导航引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝治疗的156例患者资料.所有患者术前均经头部3D-CT薄层连续平扫,并将影像资料导入SteahhStation Tria Plus手术导航系统,图像经三维重建后,确认患侧卵圆孔作为靶点,在导航实时引导下进行卵圆孔穿刺,并行电生理测试,再次确认靶点的位置无误后,进行射频热凝治疗.结果 所有患者顺利穿刺成功,射频热凝术后,患者原有的面部疼痛均明显缓解或消失,术前患者VAS评分为9.67±0.47,术后VAS评分为0.22±0.57,差异有明显的统计学意义,且所有患者术后均无严重并发症.结论 神经导航引导下经皮穿刺三叉神经半月节射频热凝术是一种微创,安全和疗效显著的三叉神经痛外科治疗手段.     

多参数影像技术在脑活检手术的应用

目的探讨多种影像学技术共同确定脑活检手术靶点的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析20例脑内病变并行活检手术的病例资料。术前均行18F-脱氧葡萄糖（18F—FDG）PET、CT和MRI检查。术前将PET、CT和MRJ图像进行融合,综合确定活检部位,术中在多参数影像引导下完成脑内病变活检术。结果术后病理诊断：胶质瘤15例（WHOIV级5例,Ⅲ级4例,Ⅱ级6例）,淋巴瘤3例,生殖细胞瘤1例,血管炎性病变1例。PET确定的活检部位与MRI相符9例,单纯依赖PET确定活检部位7例．综合确定活检部位4例。术后病人均未出现新的神经功能损害。结论多参数影像辅助技术可帮助确定脑内病变活检部位,得到准确病理诊断．为下一步治疗奠定基础。     

神经导航联合神经内镜治疗高血压脑出血50例临床分析

目的观察神经导航联合神经内镜治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法 132例高血压脑出血患者,应用神经导航联合神经内镜治疗高血压脑出血50例(神经内镜组)与常规开颅血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血82例(常规手术组)临床资料进行回顾性分析,比较两组的手术时间、术中失血量、血肿清除率及术后6个月日常生活能力(ADL)。结果神经内镜组平均手术时间[(2.1±1.2)小时],明显短于常规手术组[(4.1±2.1)小时](P0.01)。平均失血量神经内镜组为(52.5±11.3)ml,常规手术组为(458.2±185.2)ml,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=6.125,P0.01)。神经内镜组颅内血肿平均清除率[(94.8±5.2)%]明显高于常规手术组[(81.2±18.8)%](P0.05)。依据ADL分级法,神经内镜组预后优于常规手术组(P0.05)。结论神经导航联合神经内镜治疗高血压脑出血手术切口小,骨窗小,手术时间短,术中失血量少等优势。