强迫症患者生活质量状况及其影响因素

目的 调查强迫症患者的生活质量及其影响因素.方法 采用世界卫生组织生活质量评定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)调查78例门诊强迫症患者(病例组)及60例正常对照组的生活质量,同时采用耶鲁-布朗强迫量表(Y-BOGS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评定患者强迫、抑郁及焦虑症状.结果 病例组WHOQOL-BREF量表的生理领域、心理领域、社会关系领域、环境领域得分[分别为(64.70±10.30)分,(47.60±11.50)分,(53.10±12.20)分,(63.70±10.60)分]均低于正常对照组[分别为(79.20 ±9.60)分,(71.20±10.40)分,(74.10 ±9.80)分,(75.10±10.30)分],差异有统计学意义(t=-12.50 ～-6.30,P均＜0.01).Y-BOCS总分、强迫观念总分、HAMD总分均与WHOQOL-BREF所有领域得分负相关(r=-0.28～-0.61,P＜0.05);强迫行为总分仅与生理领域得分负相关(r=-0.49,P＜0.01).多元回归分析显示,强迫行为、HAMD总评分和HAMA总评分进入“生理领域”回归方程;在“心理领域”回归方程中除HAMA总评分外其余自变量均进入方程;强迫观念总评分、强迫行为总评分及HAMD总分进入“社会领域”回归方程;强迫观念总评分和HAMD总分进入“环境领域”回归方程.结论 强迫症患者生活质量低于正常人群;强迫观念、强迫行为、伴发的抑郁症状是强迫症患者生活质量的重要影响因素.     

伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素

目的分析伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者自杀未遂的人口学资料及临床特征方面的危险因素。方法来自全国13个中心的728例伴有焦虑症状抑郁症患者,根据简明国际神经精神访谈(mini international neuropsychiatric interview,MINI)5.0中文版自杀模块,评估其是否有自杀未遂行为。采用多因素logistic回归,分析伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者在性别、年龄、民族等人口学资料及伴精神病性症状、伴不典型特征等临床特征方面可能与自杀未遂相关的危险因素。结果伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者中,135例(18.5%)有自杀未遂,593例(81.5%)无自杀未遂。有自杀未遂组与无自杀未遂组相比,起病年龄早[(32.3±11.9)vs.(35.3±13.1)],既往抑郁发作次数多(中位数:2 vs.2),既往住院次数多(中位数:1 vs.0),更多患者出现抑郁发作频繁(14.8%vs.7.4%),更常伴不典型症状(25.9%vs.15.0%)和伴自杀意念(78.5%vs.50.3%),应用抗抑郁剂治疗者更多见(81.5%vs.71.2%),差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者既往住院次数多(OR=1.18,95%CI:1.02~1.37)、抑郁发作频繁(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.14~3.68)、伴自杀意念(OR=3.55,95%CI:2.28~5.54)与自杀未遂相关联(P0.05)。结论既往住院次数多、抑郁发作频繁、伴自杀意念可能是伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素。     

抑郁症伴焦虑症状的影响因素分析

目的探讨抑郁症患者伴焦虑症状的发生情况,并从社会心理因素方面分析抑郁症伴焦虑症状的影响因素。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety rating scale,HAMA)、艾森克人格问卷(Eysenck personality questionnaire,EPQ)、生活事件量表(life event scale,LES)、特质应对方式问卷(trait coping style questionnaire,TCSQ)、社会支持问卷(social support scale,SSS)对729例抑郁症患者进行评估,根据HAMA得分将患者分为不伴焦虑症状组(HAMA7分)和伴焦虑症状组(HAMA14分),比较两组社会心理因素,并分析抑郁症伴焦虑症状的影响因素。结果抑郁症患者中焦虑症状(HAMA14分)的发生率为58.85%(429/729),16.32%(119/729)肯定不伴焦虑症状(HAMA7分)。伴焦虑症状组神经质、精神质、负性生活事件、消极应对方式的得分高于不伴焦虑症状组(P0.001);外倾性的得分低于不伴焦虑症状组(P=0.010)。抑郁程度(OR=9.255,95%CI:4.726~18.127)、神经质(OR=1.595,95%CI:1.197~2.125)、负性生活事件(OR=1.009,95%CI:1.001~1.017)、消极应对方式(OR=1.046,95%CI:1.013~1.080)均是抑郁症患者伴焦虑症状的危险因素(P0.05)。结论抑郁症患者焦虑症状的发生率高。抑郁症状严重、高神经质水平、经历更多负性生活事件、倾向于采用消极应对方式的抑郁症患者更有可能伴焦虑症状。     

当前有和无自杀观念的难治性抑郁症临床特征的比较

目的对当前有和无自杀观念的难治性抑郁症患者的临床特征进行对照分析。方法按最近1周有无自杀观念将327例难治性抑郁症患者分为自杀观念组(n=59)和无自杀观念组(n=268),比较其人口学和临床特征,并对自杀观念的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果自杀观念组的目前年龄、首次发病年龄、17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、临床大体印象量表(CGI)和HAMD-24的绝望感条目的评分均明显高于无自杀观念组(P0.05),自杀观念组的精神病性症状(OR=4.03,P0.05)、不典型症状(OR=7.53,P0.01)和躯体疾病共病(OR=11.19,P0.01)明显多于无自杀观念组。回归分析结果显示,HAMD-17总分(OR=1.19,P0.01)、绝望感(OR=2.13,P0.01)、不典型症状(OR=1.44,P0.05)和躯体疾病共病(OR=2.84,P0.05)与自杀观念相关。结论有自杀观念的难治性抑郁症具有一定的人口学和临床特征,应对其进行综合评估和干预。     

难治性抑郁症的临床特征以及甲状腺激素水平的对照研究

目的探讨难治性抑郁症的临床特征以及甲状腺激素水平。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HRSD-17)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的48例难治性抑郁症患者和54例非难治性抑郁症患者进行测评,采用放射免疫法测定两组患者血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平。结果难治性抑郁症组(TRD组)与非难治性抑郁症组(非TRD组)比较,起病年龄更早[(16.4±3.8)岁vs.(23.6±4.3)岁],受教育年限更短[(8.7±2.1)年vs.(10.6±2.3)年],本次发病病程更长[(65.1±18.3)月vs.(4.9±2.5)月],HRSD-17中行为阻滞因子评分更高[(8.37±2.43)分vs.(6.51±2.55)分],血清FT3水平更低[(3.93±0.52)pmol/L vs.(4.21±0.49)pmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论难治性抑郁症患者单次病程长,起病早,文化水平低,阻滞症状重,血清FT3水平低。     

难治性强迫症与非难治性强迫症临床特征比较

目的 比较难治性强迫症与非难治性强迫症的临床特征之间的差异.方法 分别用YBOCS量表评估51例难治性强迫症和59例非难治性强迫症患者的强迫症状,并比较两组临床症状特征的差异.结果 难治性强迫症组中的强迫思维分(11.18±3.07)、强迫行为分(7.35±4.92)及强迫总分(18.53±6.09)均显著性高于非难治性强迫症组(8.12±4.01,4.59±4.67,12.63±5.67;P＜0.05).难治性强迫症与非难治性强迫症两组中有无伴发其他精神症状(x2=0.016,P=0.899)、有无阳性家族史(x2=0.053,P=0.818)、发病年龄(20.29±8.72,20.56±8.00; t=0.113,P=0.911)及病程(7.56±3.23,8.56±3.52;t=0.486,P=0.629)无明显差异(P＞0.05).结论 难治性强迫症的临床症状严重程度(特别是强迫思维)显著性高于非难治性强迫症.     

未用药抑郁症自杀者的临床特征与HPA轴功能分析

目的探讨首发未用药的抑郁症自杀者与抑郁症非自杀者的临床特征和下丘脑—垂体—肾上腺轴功能状况。方法对112例首次发作未用药的抑郁症患者,按是否存在自杀(含自杀观念或行为)分为抑郁症自杀组(49例)和抑郁症非自杀组(63例),采用自编问卷调查患者社会人口学资料和早期抑郁发作的临床特征,包括首发年龄、抑郁程度、强迫和焦虑症状、有无自杀观念或行为等,患者治疗前均进行17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(17-item Hamilton depression scale,HAMD-l7)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)、Yale-Brown强迫量表(Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale,Y-BOCS)和自杀评估量表评定,并采用电化学发光法检测血清皮质醇(cortisol,CORT)和促肾上腺素皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)水平。结果两组间就诊年龄、首发年龄、病程均无统计学差异(P0.05)。早期临床症状中,仅见抑郁症自杀组绝望感和性欲下降多于抑郁症非自杀组(P0.05)。抑郁症自杀组HAMD总分及认知障碍因子分和绝望感因子分高于抑郁症非自杀组(P0.01);HAMA总分、Y-BOCS总分和CORT与ACTH水平在两组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。抑郁症自杀组自杀得分与早期临床特征、各量表总分、CORT和ACTH水平的相关性均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抑郁症自杀者相对无自杀者早期症状中性欲下降更明显,且认知障碍和绝望感等抑郁症状的程度更重。但早期临床特征和HPA轴功能状况尚不能为抑郁症患者发生自杀观念或行为提供佐证。     

首发未治疗抑郁症患者自杀风险与情感气质的关系

目的探讨抑郁症患者自杀风险在情感气质特征方面的危险因素。方法来自我院门诊103例首发未治疗抑郁症患者,根据简明国际神经精神访谈(the mini international neuropsychiatric interview,MINI)5.0中文版自杀模块访谈结果,分为有自杀风险组和无自杀风险组。用情感气质量表(temperament evaluation of the Memphis,Pisa,Paris,and San Diego-auto questionnaire,TEMPS-A)评估情感气质,用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(Hamilton depression rating scale,HAMD)评估抑郁症状的严重程度。结果 45.6%(47/103)的抑郁症患者伴有自杀风险。与无自杀风险组患者相比,有自杀风险组患者女性、无业及未婚者较多,发病年龄较早,HAMD总分以及TEMPSA中循环气质、抑郁气质、焦虑气质评分较高(均P 0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,女性(OR=3.392,95%CI:1.246～9.232)、发病年龄(OR=0.924,95%CI:0.844～0.966)、HAMD总分(OR=1.134,95%CI:1.022～1.258)和循环气质评分(OR=1.204,95%CI:1.015～1.427)与自杀风险相关。结论女性、发病年龄早、抑郁症状严重和循环气质突出可能为首发抑郁症患者自杀风险的危险因素。     

舒肝解郁胶囊治疗伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者的对照研究

<正>我们对舒肝解郁胶囊[1]治疗伴焦虑症状抑郁症患者的疗效和安全性进行了对照研究,现报告如下。1对象和方法为2010年6月至2012年12月我院门诊或住院单相抑郁发作患者,诊断符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版。年龄18～65岁,治疗前17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)≥17分,汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)≥14分;躯体状况良好。排除:有强烈自杀企图或自杀行为;肝、肾功能损害;严重心律失常或心功能不全;有相关药物过敏史;妊娠及     

抑郁症的强迫症状及强迫与抑郁关系的研究

自从Ｎｅｉｍａｎ(1980)提出强迫与抑郁为常见的共存症状以来,许多的临床研究表明:强迫症最常见的并发症是焦虑、抑郁,而抑郁症中也常伴有强迫症状[1～3]。目前临床公认的Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ抑郁量表(ＨＡＭＤ)[4]中,强迫症状被列入评定抑郁症状的一项常规内容,可见两者的密切联系。本研究调查了伴强迫症状抑郁症患者的症状学特征,并与不伴强迫症状的抑郁症及强迫症患者进行病例对照分析。现报道如下。1　资料和方法11　病例选择与分组111　伴强迫症状的抑郁症组(以下简称抑郁伴强迫组):收集我院1996年8月至1997年12月入院150例符合中国精神疾…     

The prediction of suicidal intent in depressed patients

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between suicidal ideation or suicidal attempts and severity of depression, presence of personality disorders, and sociodemographic factors in a population of depressed in-patients. A total of 338 adult depressed psychiatric in-patients were examined and classified according to DSM-III criteria as having major depression with or without melancholic or psychotic features, adjustment disorder with depressed mood or dysthymic disorder. Scores on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Zung Self-Rating Depression and Anxiety Scales (SDS and SAS) were measured. We found that suicidal ideation was significantly related to severity of depression (according to the HDRS and all self-rating scales), a lower global assessment of functioning the year before hospitalization, and previous psychiatric hospitalizations. The items with the strongest predictive value for suicidal ideation were hopelessness, depressed mood, feelings of guilt, loss of interest and low self-esteem. These symptoms predicted 43% of the variance in suicidal ideation. None of the above predictors of suicidal ideation was related to suicidal attempts. Depressed patients with a personality disorder attempted significantly more suicidal attempts and showed more suicidal ideation than depressed patients without personality disorder. No significant correlations were found between suicidal ideation or suicide attempts and gender, marital status, employment status or psychosocial stressors during the previous 6 months.     

难治性抑郁症的临床特征分析

目的探讨难治性抑郁症患者的临床特征及相关影响因素。方法采用自编一般情况量表、汉密顿抑郁量表、汉密顿焦虑量表、社会支持量表、及生活事件量表，对入组的难治性抑郁症和非难治性抑郁症进行调查和评定，并做相关统计分析。结果难治性抑郁症组在伴有其他慢性躯体疾病和慢性起病者的频率显著高于非难治性抑郁症组。两组在发作次数、住院次数、起病形式、绝望感、躯体焦虑方面有显著差异（P〈0．05）。多元逐步回归显示影响难治性抑郁症因素依次为：伴有其他慢性躯体疾病、首次发病年龄、慢性起病形式及躯体焦虑因子。结论发作次数频繁，病中绝望感重、躯体焦虑明显可能是难治性抑郁症的有效预测因子，临床上仅凭患者的症状严重程度不足以区分两组患者。抑郁症伴有其它慢性躯体疾病、首次发作年龄偏小、起病形式缓慢且躯体焦虑症状严重者，可能是导致抑郁症难治性的潜在危险因素。     

Psychopathologic correlates of suicidal ideation in major depressive outpatients: is it all due to unrecognized (bipolar) depressive mixed states?

BACKGROUND: Recent transatlantic concern about suicidality in patients receiving antidepressants prompted us to examine the psychopathologic correlates of suicidal ideation occurring in clinically depressed patients. METHODS: The study sample, which consisted of 644 consecutive major depressive outpatients, of which 58.0% had bipolar II disorder (BP-II), was systematically interviewed with the SCID, in order to delineate the diagnostic and psychopathologic correlates of suicidal ideation. RESULTS: Such ideation, which was present in 49.5% [and favoring BP-II vs. major depressive disorder (MDD)] at an odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 (95% confidence interval = 0.98-1.8), was clinically significantly associated with depressive mixed state (racing/crowded thoughts and psychomotor agitation/activation during index depression), mood lability, decreased self-esteem, anorexia, as well as melancholic and psychotic features. Multiple logistic regression of suicidal ideation versus depressive symptoms and intradepressive excitatory symptoms revealed that decreased self-esteem (OR = 3.3), racing/crowded thoughts (OR = 1.5), and psychomotor agitation/activation (OR = 1.4) were independent and clinically significant correlates of suicidal ideation, irrespective of depression severity. DISCUSSION: From a psychopathologic standpoint, suicidality might be conferred by a combination of both the excited (mixed) depressive and agitated (melancholic) clusters. Trait mood lability appears to favor the genesis of these affective clusters. Within the framework of Kraepelinian psychiatry, both clusters represent depressive mixed states. Given that such states are more prevalent in BP-II, our data provide a possible explanation for the greater suicidality in BP-II patients reported in the literature. In light of the higher odds of suicidal ideation in BP-II versus MDD patients, we hypothesize that the higher prevalence of mental and psychomotor activation in BP-II might be one factor among others that favors the greater likelihood of the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal action in BP-II. Our analyses delineate a mixed depressive substrate at risk for suicidality. To what extent, if any, antidepressant monotherapy might contribute to the genesis of such states and/or suicidality cannot be answered with the methodology of the present study.     

Depression, desperation, and suicidal ideation in college students: results from the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention College Screening Project at Emory University

The objective of this investigation was to examine suicidal ideation and depression in undergraduate college students who participated in the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention-sponsored College Screening Project at Emory University. The principal measure of depressive symptoms was the nine-item depression module from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Additional questions were focused on current suicidal ideation, past suicide attempts, and episodes of deliberate self-harm and on symptoms of anxiety and distress. Seven hundred and twenty-nine students participated over a 3-school-year interval (2002-2005). Most notably, 11.1% of the students endorsed current (past 4 weeks) suicidal ideation and 16.5% had a lifetime suicide attempt or self-injurious episode. Students with current suicidal ideation had significantly higher depression symptom severity than those without suicidal ideation (t = -9.34, df = 706, P<.0001, d = 1.9), and 28.5% of the students with PHQ-9 scores of 15 or higher reported suicidal ideation compared to 5.7% of those with lower scores (chi(2) = 56.29, df = 1, P<.0001, two-tailed). Suicidal ideation was prominently associated with symptoms of desperation (odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.5-4.6, P<.001). The vast majority of students with moderately severe to severe depression (85%) or current suicidal ideation (84%) were not receiving any psychiatric treatment at the time of assessment. These results suggest that there is a strong relationship between severity of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation in college students, and that suicidal feelings and actions are relatively common in this group. This underscores the need to provide effective mental health outreach and treatment services to this vulnerable population. As this analysis was based on data collected at a single institution, the results may not be representative of all college students or young adults.     

Suicidal ideation and anxiety disorders: elevated risk or artifact of comorbid depression?

Research into the possible relationship between anxiety disorders and suicidal ideation has yielded mixed results, leading some to suggest that the positive findings between anxiety and suicidal ideation might simply be a by-product of comorbid depression. Recent work has suggested that having an anxiety disorder without history of mood disorder does convey increased risk for suicidal ideation, although the study could not assess for the possible impact of subsyndromal depressiveness. This current study, therefore, examined the relationship between anxiety disorder symptoms and suicidality using continuous scales and controlling for depressiveness. Data regarding the severity of panic, social anxiety, generalized anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were obtained from a sample of 166 college students. Results generally supported the conclusions that anxiety disorders convey risk for suicidal ideation above and beyond any co-occurring depressiveness, and anxiety and depression together conveyed an additional interactive risk.     

Hopelessness and suicidal ideation in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression: prevalence and impact on treatment outcome

Depression and hopelessness are risk factors for suicide. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent of suicidal ideation and hopelessness in outpatients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and to study the impact of suicidal ideation and hopelessness on treatment with nortriptyline (NT). The degree of suicidal ideation and hopelessness was assessed during the screen visit with the use of items #3 and #30 of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) in 89 patients with TRD who entered a 6-week open trial of NT. Forty of these patients also completed the Beck Hopelessness Index (BHI) during the screen visit. In separate logistic regressions, the scores from the BHI and the two HAM-D items were then tested as predictors of clinical response to the 6-week trial with NT, controlling for the severity of depression. More than half of patients reported thoughts or wishes of death to self and significant hopelessness. A greater degree of hopelessness before treatment in completers, reflected by the score on the HAM-D item #30, predicted response to NT. More than half of patients with prominent hopelessness who completed the trial responded. Patients with TRD are more likely than not to report prominent suicidal ideation and hopelessness. Furthermore, a full 6-week trial of NT, a relatively noradrenergic tricyclic antidepressant, may be particularly useful in patients who have failed to respond to several antidepressants and also report significant hopelessness.     

社会支持对重性抑郁障碍患者自杀意念的影响

目的探讨社会支持对重性抑郁障碍(MDD)患者自杀意念的影响,为临床降低其自杀意念、减少自杀行为的发生提供参考。方法采用二阶段调查法,以在武汉市精神卫生中心门诊就诊的、符合《精神障碍诊断与统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-IV)诊断标准的1135例MDD患者为研究对象。采用患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)进行调查,采用二元Logistic回归分析探讨MDD患者自杀意念的影响因素。结果1135例MDD患者中,有688例(60.62%)存在自杀意念,有自杀意念者PHQ-9评分高于无自杀意念者,差异有统计学意义[(14.18±5.02)分vs.(11.07±4.61)分,t=10.497,P<0.01]。有自杀意念者的主观支持、对支持的利用度及SSRS总评分均低于无自杀意念者,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。以自杀意念为因变量,以客观支持、主观支持、对支持利用度及PHQ-9评分为自变量的二元Logistic回归模型为logit(P)=-0.286+0.026X1-0.035X2-0.063X3+0.128X4,其中主观支持和抑郁均对自杀意念有预测作用(B=-0.035、0.128,P<0.05或0.01)。结论存在抑郁症状及缺乏社会支持(尤其是主观支持)可能是MDD患者出现自杀意念的危险因素。     

Obsessive compulsive symptoms in individuals at clinical risk for psychosis: association with depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, particularly aggressive obsessions, are prevalent in schizophrenia patients and associated with other symptom severity, suicidal ideation and functional impairment. In a psychosis-risk cohort, obsessive-compulsive diagnosis and symptoms were assessed in terms of prevalence and content, and for associations with clinical measures. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms were prevalent in the CHR cohort, as was suicidal ideation. The presence and severity of aggressive obsessions were associated with depression, suicidal ideation and social impairment. The high prevalence of aggressive obsessions and associated suicidal ideation in a clinical high risk cohort, and their relationship to depression, is relevant for risk assessment and treatment strategies.     

Life-Satisfaction,Engagement, Mindfulness,Flourishing, and Social Support: Do they Predict Depression,Suicide Ideation,and History of Suicide Attempt in Late Life?

ObjectiveSuicide is an outcome arising from a combination of risk and protective factors. Examining psychological resilience traits associated with successful aging may help to better understand late-life suicide and depression. We examined self-reported protective factors including mindfulness, life satisfaction and engagement, flourishing, and subjective and objective social support in a high suicide-risk sample of depressed older adults.MethodsParticipants were 297 individuals aged 55+ (mean age: 64.2): 92 depressed suicide attempters, 138 depressed individuals who never attempted suicide, and 67 non-psychiatric comparisons. Using linear and binomial logistic regression, we examined the effects of a combined Protective Factor value on presence and severity of depression and suicidal ideation, and history of suicide attempt.ResultsRelative to the non-psychiatric comparison group, all depressed participants had significantly lower Protective Factor values. Higher Protective Factor value was associated with lower likelihood of depression, depression severity, and likelihood of ideation, but was not associated with ideation severity or history of suicide attempt. Participants with one standard deviation higher Protective Factor had lower odds of ideation incidence by a factor of OR=0.68 (95%CI=0.48–0.96).ConclusionResiliency characteristics relevant to psychological wellbeing and successful aging may mitigate the emergence of depression and suicidal ideation, as well as the severity of depression in late-life. The Resilience Factor used in this study can help clinicians nuance their appraisal of depression and suicide risk.     

Substance use disorder comorbidity in major depressive disorder: an exploratory analysis of the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression cohort

Patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) often present with concurrent substance use disorders (SUD) involving alcohol and/or illicit drugs. This analysis compares the depressive symptomatic presentation and a range of clinical and demographic features of patients with MDD and concurrent SUD symptoms vs those without SUD symptoms, to clarify how these two differ and to determine whether concurrent SUD symptoms may alter the clinical presentation of MDD. The first 1500 outpatients with nonpsychotic MDD enrolled in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression study were divided into those with and without concurrent SUD symptoms as ascertained by a self-report instrument, the Psychiatric Diagnostic Screening Questionnaire (PDSQ). Of the 1484 cases with completed baseline PDSQ, 28% (n = 419) of patients with MDD were found to endorse symptoms consistent with current SUD. Patients with symptoms consistent with SUD were more likely to be men (P < .0001), to be either divorced or never married (P = .018), to have a younger age of onset of depression (P = .014), and to have a higher rate of previous suicide attempts (P = .014) than those without SUD symptoms. Patients with major depressive disorder who have symptoms consistent with SUD endorsed greater functional impairment attributable to their illness than those without concurrent SUD symptoms (P = .0111). The presence of SUD symptoms did not alter the overall depressive symptom pattern of presentation, except that the dual-diagnosed patients had higher levels of hypersomnia (P = .006), anxious mood (P = .047), and suicidal ideation (P = .036) compared to those without SUD symptoms. In conclusion, gender, marital status, age of onset of major depression, functional impairment, and suicide risk factors differ in depressed patients with concurrent SUD symptoms compared to those without SUD comorbidity.