老年抑郁症的治疗进展

<正>抑郁症在老年人群中较为常见,主要表现为持久而显著的情绪低落,是一种比较普遍的心境障碍。广义的老年抑郁症是指存在于老年期(≥60岁)的抑郁症(包括存在于老年期的原发性、复发性以及继发性抑郁症),狭义的老年抑郁症特指首发于60岁以后的不能由躯体症状或其他器质性疾病解释引起的原发性抑郁。老年抑郁症除具备一般抑郁症的典型症状外,疑病性、激越性、隐匿性即躯体症状化、抑郁症性假性痴呆即可逆性认知功能障碍等为其独     

老年抑郁症的研究进展

广义的老年抑郁症指发生于老年期 (≥ 6 0岁 )的抑郁症 ,包括原发性 (含青年或成年期发病 ,老年期复发 )和见之于老年期的各种继发性抑郁。狭义的老年抑郁症特指≥ 6 0岁首次发病的原发性抑郁。国际疾病分类第 10版、美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第 4版 (DSM Ⅳ )和中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第 3版均未将老年抑郁列为独立诊断类别。然而就发病年龄、临床相而言 ,老年抑郁症与一般抑郁症又确有诸多不同。有人认为老年抑郁症可能就是抑郁症的一个特殊亚型 ,但尚无定论。　流行病学老年抑郁症的发病率由于调查方法如样本来源、年龄结构、筛…     

老年抑郁症患者脑磁共振成像的研究进展

老年抑郁症(1ate-life depression,LLD)是老年期常见的神经精神疾患.根据发病年龄,可将其分为晚发性抑郁(1ate-onset depression,LOD)(≥60岁)和早发性抑郁(early-onset depression,EOD)(<60岁)[1].     

中国畲族人老年期抑郁症患病率调查及危险因素分析

目的了解中国畲族人老年期抑郁症的患病率及其相关因素,为制订防治措施提供科学依据。方法以2011年福建省福安市穆云乡畲族聚居区638例畲族老年人作为老年期抑郁症患病率的调查对象进行问卷调查,应用简易精神状态量表(MMSE)、老年抑郁量表(GDS)对全部调查对象进行筛查,筛查阳性者再采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行评定。采用描述性分析、Logistic回归分析方法对调查数据进行分析。结果畲族60岁以上老年人抑郁症的患病率为7.52%。单因素分析显示不同年龄(P=0.01)、不同经济状态(P<0.01)及不同婚姻状况(P<0.05)的老年人之间的抑郁症患病率差异均有统计学意义;患有心脑血管疾病或人际关系紧张的抑郁症患病率高于无相关危险因素(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示人际关系紧张(P=0.000)、心脑血管疾病(P=0.000)、其他躯体疾病(P=0.008)、增龄(P=0.01)为畲族老年抑郁症的独立危险因素。结论畲族老年抑郁症患病率(7.52%)稍高于中国其他民族的平均患病率。增龄、人际关系紧张、心脑血管疾病、其他系统疾病是影响畲族老年抑郁症发生的独立危险因素。     

磁共振成像预测老年抑郁症治疗效果的研究进展

<正>老年抑郁症(late-life depression,LLD)包括早发型老年抑郁症(早期抑郁发作持续至年龄大于60岁或60岁以后抑郁复发)及晚发型老年抑郁症(首次抑郁发作年龄大于60岁)~[1]。LLD是一种患病率很高的情感性精神障碍,主要表现为精神运动性迟滞、情感低落、焦虑、自知力差、躯体疾病共患率高、行为能力差等~[2],并伴有显著的认知功能损害~[3]和高自杀率~[4],严重危害老年人的健康,给社会和家庭带来沉重     

老年期与非老年期抑郁症临床对照研究

目的:探讨老年期抑郁症的临床特征.方法:以单相抑郁症患者79例,其中39例首发年龄≥60岁为老年组,40例首发年龄＜60岁为非老年组.对两组一般临床资料进行对照分析,并在治疗前及治疗第2、4、6周用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)及汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)比较两组疗效.结果:老年组伴有躯体疾病者明显高于非老年组,HAMA评分老年组明显高于非老年组,治疗第2、4、6周HAMD减分率老年组均低于非老年组.治疗6周后总有效率老年组为61.5%,非老年组为85.0%.结论:老年期与非老年期抑郁症临床特征有所不同,老年期抑郁症治疗效果差于非老年期抑郁症.     

老年期抑郁症病人听觉事件相关电位P300的比较研究

目的 探讨老年期抑郁症病人的认知功能状况。方法 按CCMD-3中心境障碍抑郁发作诊断标准，收集33例60岁以上首次抑郁发作的病人(抑郁组)，32名健康老年人(对照组)。使用HAMD、HAMA和MMSE量表对所有入组者进行评定，并作P300测定。结果 抑郁组MMSE总分低于对照组。抑郁组N2和P3潜伏期比对照组延长；抑郁组的P300潜伏期N2和P3与HAMD的迟缓因子分呈正相关，与MMSE总分呈负相关。结论 老年期抑郁症病人存在认知功能障碍。     

舒肝解郁胶囊与文拉法辛治疗老年期抑郁症患者对照研究

我们评估舒肝解郁胶囊和文拉法辛治疗老年抑郁症的疗效和安全性,报告如下。1对象和方法为我院2009年10月至2010年10月门诊和住院的患者,年龄≥60岁;符合中国精神障碍分类及诊断标准第3版抑郁症诊断标准;汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)总分≥18岁;     

艾司西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症的疗效和安全性

老年性的抑郁症属于一种原发性的抑郁障碍,主要多发于60岁以上的老年患者,尤其是随着我国老龄化现象的加剧,患有抑郁症的老年患者也随之增多,已经成为了影响老年人生活以及健康的重要危险因素。本文中将以使用帕罗西汀治疗的患者疗效及安全性与使用艾司西酞普兰治疗的     

老年与非老年抑郁症的临床特征差异

目的:探讨老年期抑郁症的临床特征。方法:以60例老年期抑郁症患者作老年组,选60例非老年期抑郁症患者为非老年组。对两组分别用汉密尔顿抑郁量表和汉密尔顿焦虑量表进行评定。结果:老年组抑郁症状中激越和疑病症状显著高于非老年组(P<0.01),老年组的躯体症状中自主神经系统症状、心血管系统症状和消化系统症状显著高于非老年组(P<0.05或P<0.01);躯体性焦虑和认知障碍、焦虑/躯体化和睡眠障碍的严重程度均显著高于非老年组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:老年期抑郁症激越、疑病、躯体症状、焦虑、睡眠障碍及认知障碍等更加突出。     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.