实验性癫痫大鼠发作后海马γ-氨基丁酸B受体亚单位的表达及其激动剂的影响

目的 观察海人酸(KA)诱导的实验性癫疒间(EP)大鼠发作后海马γ-氨基丁酸B受体(GABABR)亚单位mRNA表达及其激动剂巴氯芬的影响.方法 运用原位杂交法检测各实验组大鼠EP发作后及巴氯芬干预后海马区GABABR亚单位GAR1a及GAR2 mRNA表达.结果 KA致疒间早期(6～12 h)2种亚单位mRNA表达水平广泛下降,至1 d仍明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),但齿状回(DG)区mRNA表达开始回升,3 d后表达水平已明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而CA1与CA3区表达仍维持低水平(均P<0.05),但其表达水平渐向对照组水平恢复.巴氯芬干预后亚单位表达明显下降的时间点延迟,且表达水平明显高于非干预的致疒间组(P<0.05～0.01).结论 致疒间鼠2种亚单位表达下降后又上调为颞叶EP的内源性自我保护机制;巴氯芬促进2种亚单位表达,增强GABA抑制作用,有利于控制EP,为筛选针对GABABR亚单位的抗疒间药提供新途径.     

海人酸致(癎)大鼠海马结构GABAB受体亚单位表达的研究

目的:探讨海人酸诱导大鼠颞叶癫(癎)(EP)发作后2种Y-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体亚单位GABAnR亚单位1a(GBRla)和GABABR亚单位2(GBR2)在EP发生、发展中的作用.方法:运用原位杂交及免疫组化法,检测EP发作后GABABR亚单位mRNA及蛋白在海马的表达.结果:致痫早期Cal和CA3区2种亚单位mRNA表达持续低下后逐渐增加,DG区则暂时性下降后很快回升;而免疫反应早期却未见明显改变,随后Cal和CA3区表达处于低水平,DG区和颞叶皮质表达下降后很快恢复.结论:致(癎)后2种GABAB受体亚单位基因和蛋白表达上调为颞叶EP的内源性自我保护机制.     

海人酸致大鼠海马结构GABA_B受体亚单位表达的研究

目的:探讨海人酸诱导大鼠颞叶癫(EP)发作后2种γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)受体亚单位GABABR亚单位1a(GBR1a)和GABABR亚单位2(GBR2)在EP发生、发展中的作用。方法:运用原位杂交及免疫组化法,检测EP发作后GABABR亚单位mRNA及蛋白在海马的表达。结果:致早期CA1和CA3区2种亚单位mRNA表达持续低下后逐渐增加,DG区则暂时性下降后很快回升;而免疫反应早期却未见明显改变,随后CA1和CA3区表达处于低水平,DG区和颞叶皮质表达下降后很快恢复。结论:致后2种GABAB受体亚单位基因和蛋白表达上调为颞叶EP的内源性自我保护机制。     

海人酸致痫大鼠海马结构GABAB受体亚单位表达的研究

目的：探讨海人酸诱导大鼠颞叶癫痫（EP）发作后2种γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）受体亚单位GABABR亚单位1a（GBR1a）和GABABR亚单位2（GBR2）在EP发生、发展中的作用。方法：运用原位杂交及免疫组化法，检测EP发作后GABABR亚单位mRNA及蛋白在海马的表达。结果：致痫早期CA1和CA3区2种亚单位mRNA表达持续低下后逐渐增加，DG区则暂时性下降后很快回升；而免疫反应早期却未见明显改变，随后CA1和CA3区表达处于低水平，DG区和颞叶皮质表达下降后很快恢复。结论：致痫后2种GABAB受体亚单位基因和蛋白表达上调为颞叶EP的内源性自我保护机制。     

慢性癫癎大鼠海马电压依赖性钙通道α1亚单位mRNA的研究

目的研究Ca2+及其通道mRNA在癫癎发病中的作用.方法采用半定量原位杂交和Northern杂交技术,对戊四氮慢性致癎大鼠在致癎不同时段海马内电压依赖性钙通道(VDCC)α1亚单位mRNA的表达变化进行了研究.结果实验大鼠在癫癎形成早期海马不同亚区内α1A、α1D、α1E亚单位mRNA表达水平较对照组明显升高,α1B亚单位mRNA在CA1区和齿状回表达水平下降,而α1C-Ⅰ、α1C-Ⅱ表达无明显变化.充分点燃期仅α1B亚单位mRNA水平在CA3区明显升高.最后一次癫癎发作后第28天,各亚单位无明显变化.结论在致癎过程中,VDCC α1亚单位mRNA有不同程度的变化,其结果可能通过改变神经递质的释放模式而在癫癎灶形成中起一定作用.     

红藻氨酸致颞叶癫痫大鼠海马内Semaphorin3C、Semaphorin3F基因表达的研究

目的研究神经轴索导向分子Sem aphorin3C(Sem a3C),Sem aphorin3F(Sem a3F)mRNA对颞叶癫痫(TLE)大鼠海马神经轴索环路重建的调控作用。方法采用侧脑室内注射红藻氨酸(KA)制作TLE大鼠模型,用N issl染色及原位杂交的方法,分别检测致痫后1d、1w、2w、3w、4w大鼠海马的齿状回(DG),CA1区、CA3区神经细胞丢失程度以及Sem a3C、Sem a3F mRNA的表达。结果KA致痫后1d始出现神经元丢失,至4w神经元丢失明显增多。KA致痫后1w,Sem a3C、Sem a3F mRNA在海马的CA1区、Sem a3F mRNA在海马的CA3区表达明显下降,持续至3w(P<0.01),4w时恢复至正常(P>0.05);Sem a3C、Sem a3F mRNA在DG的表达,Sem a3C在CA3区的表达,实验组与对照组均无明显差别(P>0.05)。结论KA致痫后海马CA1区神经元下调Sem a3C、Sem a3F mRNA的表达,CA3区神经元下调Sem a3F mRNA的表达,可能促进TLE大鼠海马神经轴索环路重建。     

颞叶癫大鼠海马轴突导向分子Sema3F及其受体Np2表达的变化

目的 研究颞叶癫(癎)大鼠海马轴突导向分子Sema3F及其受体Np2表达的变化.方法 给SD大鼠腹腔注射匹罗卡品、氯化锂制作颞叶癫(癎)模型.用免疫组化法和原位杂交技术对致(癎)后不同时间点大鼠海马CA1区、CA3区、齿状回的Sema3F mRNA、Np2 mRNA和蛋白表达进行检测,并与正常对照组比较.结果 颞叶癫(癎)大鼠致(癎)后7 d、15 d,海马CA1区、CA3区Sema3F mRNA、Np2 mRNA和蛋白的表达明显低于正常对照组(P＜0.05～0.01), 致(癎)后30 d、60 d表达与正常对照组差异无统计学意义;而齿状回Sema3F mRNA、Np2 mRNA和蛋白的表达与正常对照组的差异无统计学意义.结论 颞叶癫(癎)大鼠海马CA1区、CA3区Sema3F、Np2表达在致(癎)后早期明显下调,而在慢性期恢复正常.     

rhGDNF的抗癎作用与CaBPs上调的关系

目的探讨大鼠致癎后海马区钙结合蛋白(CaBPs)的变化以及rhGDNF抗癎作用与CaBPs的关系.方法应用免疫组化法检测海人藻酸(KA)致癎前后以及rhGDNF干预后海马区3种CaBPs(PV、CR、CBN)的表达.结果KA致癎后大鼠海马区含3种CaBPs的GABA中间神经元明显下降,其中以CR下降显著,下降明显区域为齿状回(DG)区和门区;而rhGDNF干预后未见癎性发作,其海马各区CV、CR、CBN标记数较对照组增加.结论癫癎持续发作使海马区含3种CaBPs的GABA能中间抑制神经元丧失,而外源性rhGDNF具有抗癎样作用,其机制可能与增加海马区CaBPs有关.     

红藻氨酸致癫痫持续状态大鼠海马neuropilin-2 mRNA及其蛋白表达的研究

目的研究轴索导向分子NPN-2mRNA及其蛋白对癫痫持续状态(SE)后大鼠海马内神经纤维外向性生长和突触重建中的调控作用。方法采用侧脑室内注射红藻氨酸(KA)制作TLE大鼠模型,用Nissl染色、原位杂交和免疫组织化学的方法,分别检测致SE后1d、1w、2w、3w、4w大鼠海马齿状回(DG)、CA1区、CA3区、门区神经元丢失程度以及NPN-2mRNA及其蛋白的表达。结果 KA致SE后1d开始出现神经元丢失,至4w神经元丢失明显增多。KA致SE后1d,NPN-2mRNA及其蛋白在DG和CA1区表达明显下降,持续至3w(P0.01),4w恢复至正常(P0.05);NPN-2mRNA及其蛋白在门区、CA3区表达实验组与对照组无明显差别(P0.05)。结论 KA致SE后,海马DG及CA1区神经元下调NPN-2mRNA及其蛋白的表达,促进DG及CA1区神经纤维外向性生长和突触的重建。     

戊四氮点燃癫癎大鼠空间学习记忆改变及海马NR2B表达

目的观察戊四氮点燃癫癎大鼠空间学习记忆功能变化及海马NMDA2型受体(NR2)B亚单位(NR2B)表达,探讨二者的关系及PTZ致癎大鼠认知障碍发生的分子机制。方法采用戊四氮(PTZ)慢性癫癎(CE)模型,Y-迷宫对两组大鼠进行行为学检测,免疫组织化学方法观察两组大鼠海马CA3区NR2B表达的变化,反转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法检测大鼠海马NR2B mRNA的表达。结果癫癎组大鼠空间学习记忆能力受损;其海马CA3区NR2B阳性细胞较对照组明显减少(P<0.01),同时伴有海马NR2B mRNA表达下降(P<0.01)。结论戊四氮点燃癫癎大鼠空间学习记忆受损可能与海马神经元NR2B的表达减少有关。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高，而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。