伏隔核毁损术戒毒术前及术后心理学量表测评结果分析

目的 探讨伏隔核定向毁损术戒毒对智力、记忆、人格特征及焦虑情绪的影响。方法 采用中国修订韦氏成人智力量表、韦氏记忆量表、明尼苏达多项人格调查表、卡特尔16种个性因素测验及汉密顿焦虑量表对272例接受了手术的药物依赖、成瘾患者进行手术前后测评比较。结果 术后1个月及3个月未发现手术对智力、记忆有不良影响，且言语智商、操作智商和记忆商均较术前有明显改善（P〈0．01）；术后疑病、抑郁、癔病、精神病态评分明显减少（P〈O．01），偏执、精神分裂、轻躁狂评分明显增加（P〈0．01）；患者术后人格多种因素无显著改变，只有H、L、0、Q2和适应焦虑分增高（P〈0．05）；术后躯体性焦虑分数、精神性焦虑分数及焦虑总分均比术前显著降低（P〈O．01）。结论 定向伏隔核毁损术对患者智力和记忆水平无明显不良影响，部分功能较术前有所改善：可能对患者的部分个性特征如独立性、敢为性、忧虑性、怀疑性等构成一定影响。手术可使患者焦虑水平明显降低。     

伏隔核毁损术对吸毒者酒精及尼古丁依赖的影响(附68例分析)

目的 研究伏隔核毁损术对阿片类药物依赖病人酒精及尼古丁依赖的影响。方法 对接受伏隔核毁损术的68例阿片类药物依赖伴酒精及尼古丁依赖病人进行随访，采用吗啡尿检及纳络酮催瘾实验判别术后是否阿片类药物复吸，采用饮酒问卷及尼古丁依赖自评量表对术前、术后不同时期酒精、尼古丁依赖程度进行评分并比较。采用问卷法调查术后病人再次饮酒、吸烟时主观感觉的变化。将饮酒及吸烟后的轻松、兴奋感分为增加，无变化和减弱三个等级，分析手术治疗阿片类药物依赖合并酒精及尼古丁依赖的疗效的相关性。结果 术后12个月，阿片类药物复吸率为54．8％，酒精及尼古丁依赖程度术前吸毒时和术前生理脱毒治疗时差异无统计学意义：术后酒精及尼古丁依赖程度为：术后0．5个月〈术后3个月〈术后6个月，而术后6个月与术后12个月比较差异无统计学意义．但仍远低于术前生理脱毒治疗时的水平。结论 针对阿片类药物依赖病人实施的伏隔核毁损术不但能明显降低吸毒者阿片类药物的心理依赖程度．而且对酒精及尼古丁依赖也有明显的抑制作用。     

伏隔核毁损术戒毒术前及术后精神心理学量表测评结果分析

目的研究探讨伏隔核定向毁损术戒毒对智力、记忆、人格特征及焦虑情绪的影响,评价手术的安全性。方法采用中国修订韦氏成人智力量表(Wechsleradultintelligencescale-revisedinChina,WAIS-RC)和韦氏记忆量表(Wechslermemoryscale,WMS)、明尼苏达多项人格调查表(Minnesotamultiphasicpersonalityinventory,MMPI),卡特尔16种个性因素测验(theCattell16personalityfactor,16PF)及汉密顿焦虑量表(Hamiltonanxielyscale,HAMA)对2000年7月至2004年11月272名接受手术的药物依赖、成瘾患者进行术前、术后的测评比较。结果术后1个月及3个月WAIS-RC及WMS测评结果与术前比较,未发现手术对智力、记忆有不良影响,且智商和记忆商均较术前有明显改善,VIQ,PIQ,MQ改善显著(P<0.01),而FIQ改善不显著(P>0.01);MMPI测评术后评分较术前显著减少(P<0.01)的有疑病、抑郁、癔病、心理病态,评分显著增加并有显著差异(P<0.01)的有偏执、精神分裂、轻躁狂;术后16PF测评显示,志愿者手术后的人格的多种因素无显著改变,只有H、L、O、Q2和适应焦虑分增高;HAMA测评结果显示,术后躯体性焦虑分数、精神性焦虑分数及焦虑总分均比术前显著降低(P<0.001)。结论定向伏隔核毁损术对志愿者的智力和记忆水平无明显不良影响,部分功能较术前有所改善;对志愿者的人格特征总体影响不显著,但可能对其中的部分个性特征如独立性、敢为性、忧虑性、怀疑性等构成一定影响。手术可使志愿者的焦虑水平明显降低,伏隔核定向毁损术戒毒是安全可行的。     

药物依赖患者伏隔核毁损后行为选择变化的初步研究

目的探讨伏隔核毁损对于阿片类药物成瘾患者行为选择缺陷的影响并初步分析原因。方法对伏隔核毁损前后阿片药物依赖患者(15例)以及正常对照组(14例)进行爱荷华赌博任务测验(IOWA gambling test,IGT),剑桥赌博任务测验(Cambridge gambling test,CGT),go／nogo逆转学习／行为抑制测验以及数字记忆广度的测评,采用LSD-t检验、配对t检验以及levene方差齐性检验法进行统计学分析。结果IGT测试显示手术组术前较术后和正常组成绩均偏低,术前与术后差异有统计学意义(t=2．547,P<0．01),术后与正常对照组差异无统计学意义(t=0．746,P>0．1)。CGT测试术前与术后差异无统计学意义(t=1．254,P>0．1)。go／no-go行为抑制测试术前与术后差异无统计学意义(t=1．036,P> 0．1)。数字广度测评手术组成绩较正常对照组偏低,术前及术后差异无统计学意义(t=1．126,P>0．1)。结论伏隔核毁损可以改善成瘾患者行为选择的缺陷,这种改善作用与冒险行为、工作记忆及逆转学习／行为抑制等神经心理机制无关。     

单靶点与多靶点联合毁损术治疗阿片类药物成瘾的长期疗效

目的比较伏隔核损毁术与伏隔核加其他靶点联合损毁术治疗阿片类药物成瘾的长期疗效。方法从我国7个医疗中心接受过双侧伏隔核毁损术(单靶点)与双侧伏隔核加其他靶点联合毁损术(多靶点)治疗阿片类药物成瘾的两组病人中分别随机抽取75名病人,术后第5年回顾性随访研究,比较两组的复吸率和副反应发生率。结果单靶点组和多靶点组各有62例和60例病人接受并按计划完成随访。两组间复吸率和非特异性副反应的病人比例差异均无统计学意义(P=0.678,P=0.780)。多靶点组特异性副反应的比例与严重程度均高于单靶点组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.011,P=0.008)。结论与立体定向伏隔核单靶点损毁术相比,伏隔核加其他靶点联合损毁术治疗阿片类药物成瘾的复吸率未降低,但特异性副反应发生率明显增高。     

内侧隔-斜角带核:阿片类药物精神依赖外科治疗的新靶点(附34例报告)

目的 探讨单纯双侧内侧隔-斜角带核毁损对阿片类药物精神依赖的治疗作用。方法 采用立体定向毁损双侧内侧隔一斜角带核后部治疗34例阿片类药物精神依赖病人，观察手术前后成瘾个体对药物的精神依赖和尼古丁依赖的变化情况．采用简明心理状况检查量表（MMSE）、汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和焦虑量表（HAMA）评价手术对记忆、情感的影响。结果 随访12-18个月，精神依赖完全消除25例（73．5％），复吸9例。术后病人学习和记忆力无明显变化，抑郁和焦虑症状有显著性改善（P〈0．01）。结论 单纯内侧隔一斜角带核毁损治疗阿片类药物依赖有效。     

无框架立体定向海马杏仁核毁损术治疗颞叶内侧癫痫的神经心理学评估

目的了解无框架立体定向海马杏仁核毁损术在治疗颞叶内侧癫痫中对神经心理学功能的影响。方法 61名MRI阴性药物难治性颞叶癫痫患者在全麻下行经额旁正中入路无框架立体定向海马杏仁核复合体毁损术;其中23例成人患者分别在术前、术后一周及术后6个月进行了韦氏记忆量表及韦氏智力量表检测评分。结果回访时间14～82个月不等,EngelⅠ级31例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级8例,Ⅳ级19例,痫性发作消失率(EngelⅠ)51%。手术前受试者的平均记忆商数、平均智力商数都明显低于健康人群中常值范围。术后一周较术前下降(P<0.05)的有语言智商、操作智商及记忆商数,总智商下降不明显(P>0.05);术后6个月以后受试者较术前明显增加(P<0.05)的有总智商、语言智商、操作智商及记忆商数。右颞叶内侧毁损者言语智商较术前明显增加(P<0.05)。结论无框架立体定向海马杏仁核毁损术术后早期存在记忆力及智力下降,但此类认知功能的下降程度较轻,且会在术后6个月内恢复甚至较术前明显改善,远期来讲右侧手术者其语言智商改善更为明显。无框架立体定向海马杏仁核毁损术在神经心理学功能保留方面是可逆的、甚至是有益的。     

深部脑刺激戒断阿片类药物精神依赖1例临床报道(附3个月随访结果)

目的在立体定向射频毁损手术的研究基础上，进行了1例深部脑刺激(deep brain stimulation，DBS)戒断阿片类药物精神依赖手术，探讨一种既能起到有效治疗作用，而又减少副损伤的外科治疗方法。方法药物依赖患者，男性，24岁，吸食海洛因等多种毒品成瘾5年，反复戒毒5次无效。在阿片脱毒术脱毒后，行双侧伏隔核DBS电极植入术，立体定向MRI定位，植入Medtronic 3387刺激电极及脉冲发生器。术后定期进行疗效随访，以及副作用、心理学量表和症状量表等评估。结果患者术后即停止吸毒，通过3个月的临床观察，至今无复吸现象。临床证实该方法较射频毁损方法微刨、副反应小，心理学量表(WMS、WEIS-RC和MMPI)评估未发现有记忆、智力和人格等方面影响。术后患者饮食较术前明显好转，体重增加，吸烟量明显减少；症状自评量表(SCL90、SAS和SDS)评估提示多因素均有明显改善。结论应用DBS外科方法戒断阿片类药物精神依赖，取得短期满意疗效。     

前颞叶切除术对颞叶癫痫病人认知功能的影响

目的分析不同侧别前颞叶切除手术对颞叶癫痫(TLE)病人认知功能的影响。方法回顾性分析2014~2015年行标准单侧前颞叶及内侧结构切除的44例TLE的临床资料,分析术前及术后1年韦氏智力分测验即言语智商(VIQ)、操作智商(PIQ),以及术前、术后3个月、术后1年复查韦氏记忆量表(MQ)中的理解和再生分测验结果。结果左侧手术TLE病人术后1年PIQ较术前显著提升(P0.05),右侧手术TLE病人术后1年MQ较术前显著提升(P0.05)。左侧手术TLE病人术后3个月理解分测验分数较术前明显下降(P0.05),术后1年与术前无显著性差异(P0.05);再生分测验分数术后3个月较术前无明显变化(P0.05),术后1年较术前明显提升(P0.05)。右侧手术TLE病人理解分数和再生分数手术前后均无显著差异(P0.05)。结论左侧颞叶手术主要改善TLE病人PIQ,而右侧颞叶手术则主要改善TLE病人记忆力。     

前交通动脉动脉瘤显微手术对认知功能的影响

目的分析前交通动脉动脉瘤显微手术后患者认知功能变化的相关因素。方法用韦氏智力量表和韦氏记忆量表对24例前交通动脉动脉瘤夹闭术后的患者和对照组20例正常人进行认知功能测试。结果患者组与对照组相比,言语智商、操作智商、总智商、短时记忆、长时记忆及记忆商的分值均明显降低（P〈0.05）,切除直回组与保留直回组相比短时记忆分值明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论部分前交通动脉动脉瘤显微术后的患者在言语智商、操作智商、总智商、短时记忆、长时记忆及记忆商等认知功能方面均存在障碍。直回切除对短时记忆有明显影响,而不参与智商的改变。     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

Bibliography of officers of department of mental hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005