无灶性癫痫患者静息态fMRI与注意功能的相关性研究

目的采用静息态功能磁共振成像的低频振幅技术,探讨无灶性癫痫患者低频振幅与注意功能之间可能存在的关系。方法对16例无灶性癫痫患者和16名正常志愿者进行静息态fMRI数据采集及注意功能行为学测试,采用REST软件计算显示无灶性癫痫患者相对于正常人ALFF增高和减弱的区域,对上述的16例无灶性癫痫患者和16例正常对照进行气球叉掉测试,数字符号转换测试及stroop测试检测其注意功能,观察无灶性癫痫患者静息态fMRI与注意功能之间可能存在的联系。结果①无灶性癫痫组和正常对照组相比,ALFF增强的脑区分布在右侧颞叶(15,-90,21)、内侧额叶(0,24,-24)、腹侧前扣带回(-12,30,27)及右侧小脑半球(-51,-57,-4);②无灶性癫痫组和正常对照组相比ALFF减弱的脑区分布在左侧小脑半球及相邻后缘枕叶(-48,-15,39)、后扣带回(60,-21,33)及楔前叶(-6,-54,66);③无灶性癫痫患者的三项注意功能测试反应时间均较正常对照组延长(P<0.01)。Stroop测试结果表明无灶性癫痫组与对照组相比冲突条件下较一致、中性条件下的错误率显著增加。结论无灶性癫痫患者静息状态下表现出异常的脑功能活动方式。长期异常放电对患者的注意功能有明显损害,其中持续注意能力下降,可能与无灶性癫痫患者的颞叶及额叶的病变相关;选择注意能力下降,可能与腹侧前扣带回的损伤密切相关。     

男性酒依赖患者戒断期静息态功能磁共振低频振幅研究

目的探讨男性酒依赖患者戒断期静息态下脑区神经元自发活动改变及其与认知功能关系。方法对23例男性酒依赖患者和20名健康成年男性进行脑静息态功能磁共振扫描,比较其全脑各脑区低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF),并用简易精神状态量表(mini mental status scale,MMSE)、语言流畅性测验(verbal fluency test,VFT)、数字广度测验(digit span test,DST)、霍普金斯词语学习修订版(Hopkins verbal learning test revised,HVLT-R)及连线测试B(trail making test-B,TMT-B)分别评估两组认知功能。结果酒依赖组与对照组相比ALFF减弱脑区为左侧额上回(t=-4.49,P0.01)、右侧额中回(t=-3.55,P0.01)、右侧颞上回(t=-5.36,P0.01)、左侧前扣带回(t=-5.41,P0.01);ALFF增强的脑区有左侧枕叶(t=3.90,P0.01)、左侧小脑后叶(t=3.58,P0.01)。神经心理测评中,酒依赖组MMSE(t=-4.33,P0.01)、VFT(t=-2.86,P0.01)、DST(t=-4.93,P0.01)和HVLT-R(t=-5.16,P0.01)评分均低于对照组;TMT-B完成时间高于对照组(t=4.67,P0.01)。酒依赖患者右侧额中回ALFF值与VFT评分呈正相关(r=0.49,P=0.04)。结论男性酒依赖患者戒断期在静息态下存在双侧额叶、右侧颞叶、左侧前扣带回、左侧枕叶、左侧小脑脑区功能活动异常,且右侧额叶脑区功能活动改变与语言功能异常有相关性。     

基于局域一致性分析的BOLD-fMRI探讨无灶性癫痫的发作机制

目的利用基于局域一致性（regional homogeneity,ReHo）分析方法的血氧水平依赖功能磁共振成像技术,探讨无灶性癫痫的发作机制。方法运用功能性磁共振成像技术,采集无灶性癫痫患者17例和健康对照组16例的静息态数据,然后运用局域一致性分析方法对数据进行分析,观察无灶性癫痫患者脑局域一致性与正常对照组的变化。结果无灶性癫痫组和健康对照组相比ReHo值增强的脑区主要分布在双侧海马;ReHo值降低的脑区主要分布在右顶叶、右中央前回、右额叶、右侧小脑半球及左楔前叶、左前额。结论无灶性癫痫患者静息状态下脑功能活动较对照组有所改变,ReHo值升高的脑区反映了该脑区参与了癫痫的高活动,而降低的脑区可能反应了由于长期癫痫发作导致这些区域的神经元受损。     

早期精神分裂症患者静息态脑功能低频振幅研究

目的:通过静息态功能磁共振探讨早期精神分裂症患者脑功能低频振幅变化。方法:对首次发病未用药早期精神分裂症患者(急性期组)、经药物治疗临床症状缓解的早期精神分裂症首次发病患者(缓解期组)以及性别、年龄、受教育年匹配的健康对照者(对照组)各17例,进行静息态功能磁共振扫描,并计算低频振幅(ALFF),比较3组ALFF变化。结果:三组间ALFF有差异的脑区为左侧直回、梭状回/舌回、右侧颞下回、左侧顶叶、枕叶、楔叶、中央后回、小脑;与健康对照组相比,两病例组ALFF降低的脑区集中在左侧半球,为左侧顶叶小叶,左侧颞下回;而缓解期与急性期组相比,ALFF增加的脑区为右侧壳核,ALFF降低的脑区为直回、楔前叶、梭状回/舌回、左侧颞叶、左侧中央前回和后回、左侧枕中回。结论:精神分裂症患者早期阶段存在多个脑区静息态低频振幅异常,低频振幅降低的脑区主要分布在左侧大脑半球。     

早发精神分裂症静息态脑功能低频振幅研究

目的通过静息态功能磁共振研究早发未用药精神分裂症患者局部脑功能低频振幅(amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation,ALFF)的变化,探讨其静息态下功能异常的脑区。方法收集20例早发未用药精神分裂症患者与20名性别、年龄、受教育年限相匹配的正常对照,分别对其进行全脑静息态功能磁共振扫描,计算ALFF值。结果与对照组相比,患者组左侧额上回、左侧楔前叶、左侧扣带回、左侧枕叶、左侧海马旁回、左侧距状沟ALFF值增高(P0.05,Alpha Sim校正),右侧颞上回和右侧小脑后叶ALFF值降低(P0.05,Alpha Sim校正)。结论早发精神分裂症患者在静息态下有多处脑区ALFF值改变,提示其在静息态下存在脑功能异常。     

5年随访未转相的抑郁症患者基线脑低频振幅及功能连接特征研究

目的:探讨5年随访未转相的抑郁症患者基线脑低频振幅及功能连接特征。方法:35例抑郁症患者(抑郁组)和27名性别、年龄和受教育年限相匹配的健康对照者(对照组)进行3.0 T静息态功能磁共振扫描,比较两组脑区低频振幅(ALFF)值,将有统计学差异的脑区对全脑进行功能连接(FC)分析。结果:与对照组相比,抑郁组左后扣带回和左丘脑ALFF值降低,左后扣带回和左额中回、左丘脑和左额眶回间FC增强,左后扣带回和左舌回、左丘脑和左小脑脚间FC减弱(P0.05,Alphasim矫正)。左后扣带回和左额中回FC值与17项汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)总分正相关(r=0.351,P=0.038)。结论:5年随访未转相的抑郁症患者基线期存在边缘局部脑区异常,同时与全脑FC存在异常,可能是抑郁症发病的重要因素之一。     

创伤后应激障碍患者杏仁核为主的边缘系统静息态脑功能磁共振研究

目的 观察静息状态下创伤后应激障碍(posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD)患者以杏仁核为主的脑区的脑功能改变.方法 采用基于低频振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)算法的静息功能磁共振成像技术(fMRI)对10例临床确诊的PISD患者和10例性别、年龄及受教育年限匹配的正常对照进行静息fMRI检查,采用t检验比较两组的杏仁核等脑区基于血氧水平依赖活动的差异.结果 与正常对照组相比,PTSD患者组右侧杏仁核ALFF活性明显增加(P<0.01),海马旁回、钩回等边缘系统其他脑区亦见ALFF活性增加(P<0.01),而前额叶、岛叶及楔前叶ALFF活性减低(P<0.01).结论 PTSD患者静息态下包括杏仁核在内的边缘系统多个脑区活动增强,前额叶、岛叶、楔前叶等脑区功能抑制.     

有先兆偏头痛患者发作间期的静息态功能磁共振变化

目的采用静息态功能磁共振成像技术探讨有先兆偏头痛患者的自发神经元活动,分析其脑功能网络的变化,以便更好地认识有先兆偏头痛的发病机制。方法对7例发作间期有先兆偏头痛患者和7例年龄、性别及受教育程度相匹配的健康对照行静息态功能磁共振成像扫描,分析原始数据,得出全脑低频振幅(ALFF),进行双样本t检验,并以ALFF差异脑区为感兴趣区(ROI)校正后行功能连接(FC)分析,比较两组之间影像学表现的差异。结果病例组双侧额上回、左侧眶额皮质低频振幅值显著高于对照组(t=2.18~5.12,P0.05)。病例组左侧颞中回、左侧颞下回、左侧尾状核、双侧丘脑、右侧运动前区低频振幅ALFF值显著低于对照组(t=-5.12~-2.18,P0.05);与对照组相比,病例组右侧眶额皮质、左侧额中回、双侧前扣带皮质、右侧缘上回与左侧额上回功能连接增强,病例组左侧小脑、右侧脑岛、脑干与左侧额上回之间的功能连接减弱。结论有先兆偏头痛患者头痛发作间期疼痛处理相关脑区功能异常,支持偏头痛并非单纯的发作性疾病。     

基于低频振幅方法的连枷臂综合征患者静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的 采用静息态功能磁共振成像(RS-fMRI)低频振幅(ALFF)分析法,探讨连枷臂综合征(Flail arm syndrome,FAS)患者基线脑活动变化及意义。方法 对10名确诊的连枷臂综合征患者(连枷臂组)和10名与之年龄、性别、教育程度相匹配的正常成年人对照者(对照组)进行静息态磁共振成像扫描,应用ALFF分析法计算并比较两组受试者全脑的ALFF值的差异,并进一步分析其与临床症状严重程度的相关性。结果 静息态下,与正常对照组相比较,FAS组在双侧楔前叶、左侧楔叶、后扣带回、枕上回、颞中回、枕中回、角回、顶下缘角回脑区均出现ALFF值的低于正常对照组,但没有发现FAS组ALFF增高的脑区。ALFF明显减低的脑区的ALFF值与ALS功能分级量(ALSFRS-R)总分无相关性。结论 静息态下主要在双侧楔前叶、左侧楔叶、后扣带回、枕上回、颞中回、枕中回、角回、顶下缘角回脑区的脑功能活动异常,这些脑区ALFF改变可能与FAS的病理机制有关,但与FAS疾病严重程度无关。     

特发性震颤患者静息态脑功能活动

目的探索特发性震颤(ET)患者在静息态fMRI中的脑自发活动异常。方法纳入2015年6月-2016年6月在成都市第一人民医院就诊的16例ET患者为患者组,同期招募与患者组性别、年龄匹配的16例健康对照组。对两组进行静息态功能磁共振成像(fMRI)扫描,分析两组fMRI信号低频振幅(ALFF)的差异。结果①两组被试的年龄、性别差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。②与对照组相比,ET患者组双侧中央前后回及辅助运动区的ALFF值增高,而双侧小脑半球及小脑蚓部的ALFF值降低,差异均有统计学意义(P均0.05,FDR校正);右侧小脑半球的ALFF值与患者病程呈负相关(r=-0.643,P=0.007)。结论静息态fMRI技术能有效检测ET患者的小脑-运动皮层环路异常,且震颤病程的加长可能会加重小脑自发性活动低频振荡特征的改变。     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

The origins of innervation of the esophagus of the dog

This study defined the origins of extrinsic efferent and afferent innervation of the normal canine esophagus. When all the layers of the wall of the 3 esophageal regions (cervical, thoracic and abdominal) were injected with horseradish peroxidase (HRP), labeled nerve cells were found in the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and parasympathetic nucleus of X (PX) of the brainstem. Most labeled cells in the NA were located in the compact column (retrofacial nucleus) while labeled cells in the PX were located in separate rostral and caudal areas. There was no somatotopic organization in either the NA or PX. Labeled sympathetic postganglionic neurons were found in the cranial cervical, middle cervical, cervicothoracic, thoracic sympathetic trunk and celiacomesenteric ganglia. The HRP injection of the esophageal wall labeled sensory cell bodies in the glossopharyngeal, proximal and distal vagal, and C2-T6 spinal ganglia. There was no discernible pattern of distribution of labeled cells in the autonomic or sensory ganglia. When the HRP injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa layers of the thoracic esophagus, a small number of labeled cells were identified in the NA; however, no labeled cells were found in the NA when injections were confined to the mucosa-submucosa of either the cervical or abdominal esophageal regions. With these confined injections, the labeled nerve cells appeared in the rostral part of the PX. Thus, it appeared that the internal tunics of the esophagus (i.e., the mucosa and submucosa) were innervated by neurons in the rostral PX while the muscular tunic was innervated by neurons in the caudal PX and the rostral NA. After mucosa-submucosa injections, labeled sympathetic neurons appeared in the same ganglia that were identified after whole wall injections and these had a similar random distribution. These injections also labeled neurons in the glossopharyngeal, proximal vagal, and distal vagal ganglia, but unlike the whole wall injections there was no labeling in the spinal ganglia. This suggested that the labeled cells of the spinal ganglia seen after whole wall injections conveyed impulses from the tunica muscularis and serosa.     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。