四川省成都市三级综合医院门诊就诊者睡眠障碍的现况调查

目的 通过流行病学调查,以研究成都市三级综合性医疗机构门诊就诊者睡眠障碍的现况和医务人员的识别及处治现状.方法 随机抽取综合医院四个门诊科室的调查日期,使用焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)和病人15项健康状况量表(PHQ-15)对门诊就诊者睡眠情况以及躯体症状进行评估,所有HADS评分(抑郁和/或焦虑)≥8分的就诊者由精神科医师用国际神经精神科简式访谈问卷(MINI)进行检查确定诊断.结果 三级综合医院门诊中有56%就诊者存在睡眠障碍,发病年龄集中在30～45岁,主诉最多为头昏、头痛,占17%;其次为腹痛,为13.1%;神经内科门诊就诊者中睡眠障碍现患率最高,为63%;有睡眠障碍的患者检出抑郁或(和)焦虑的比例为25%;门诊非精神科医师对患者精神系统疾病的认识率普遍偏低,仅有9.1%;患者愿意到精神科接受治疗仅占42.6%.结论 三级综合性医疗机构门诊就诊者睡眠障碍发生率较高,而非精神科医师对患者精神系统疾病的认识率普遍偏低.     

医院焦虑抑郁量表在综合性医院中的应用

目的 评价医院焦虑和抑郁量表在综合性医院住院病人中应用的信度和效度。方法 应用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)对846名住院病人进行调查,并与焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)做相关分析。结果 (1)通过因素分析得到3个相互关联的因素,抑郁、精神性焦虑、精神运动性激越。(2)不同病种分析,HADS具有较高的内部一致性。(3)相关分析得到该量表与SAS、SDS存在较高的相关。(4)通过与SAS、SDS的比较得到以9分作为HADS的筛选临界值是较可靠的。结论 医院焦虑抑郁量表作为综合性医院焦虑抑郁情绪的筛查工具还是较为可靠的。     

社会支持对重症抑郁障碍患者生活质量的影响

目的:探讨社会支持对重性抑郁障碍(MDD)患者生存质量(QOL)的影响。方法:采用两阶段的调查设计,用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS)筛查情绪障碍患者,对HADS≥8分者给予诊断评估,对诊断为MDD患者进行患者健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、社会支持量表(SSRS)及世界卫生组织QOL量表简化版(WHOQOL-BREF)评估,分析影响QOL的因素。结果:纳入667例MDD患者;控制其他混杂变量后,主观社会支持与QOL的生理、心理、环境和社会关系均正相关(P均0.01),对支持的利用度与QOL的生理、心理及社会领域正相关(P均0.01)。结论:社会支持尤其主观社会支持及对支持的利用度可能为MDD患者QOL的保护性因素。     

焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍患者的睡眠质量及与焦虑、抑郁症状的相关性

目的 探讨焦虑障碍、抑郁障碍患者的睡眠质量及与焦虑、抑郁症状的相关性.方法 选取2020年8月至2021年8月在深圳市康宁医院焦虑障碍科住院治疗的70例广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、抑郁障碍患者,其中抑郁障碍组33例,焦虑障碍组37例.比较两组的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数...     

成都市青年男性焦虑情绪现状及影响因素

目的 了解四川省成都市18~34岁青年男性焦虑情绪的分布特点及影响因素.方法 采用多阶段分层抽样方法,对成都市18~34岁共4189名青年男性进行问卷调查.调查工具包括医院焦虑抑郁量表(HAD),酒精使用障碍筛查量表(AUDIT),毒品使用障碍筛查量表(DUDIT)及自制一般信息与问题登记表.结果 四川省成都市青年男性焦虑情绪检出率为20.4%;焦虑情绪与婚姻状况、酒精滥用、毒品滥用、长期患躯体疾病、是否看过心理医生、抑郁情绪、自杀企图、自伤行为、5年内有暴力行为、ACE分值、负性生活事件、色情信息使用频率相关(P<0.01);其危险因素包括抑郁情绪、自杀企图、自伤行为、经历负性生活事件、酒精滥用、毒品滥用(P<0.05).结论 成都市青年男性的焦虑情绪检出率为20.4%,焦虑情绪的影响因素包括多种因素.     

抑郁与焦虑共病障碍临床研究

目的:调查抑郁与焦虑共病障碍的发生率,探讨其特点及预后.方法:对150例抑郁障碍患者用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、社会功能缺陷筛选量表(SDSS)和临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评定,3个月后进行随访.结果:45.3%的抑郁障碍患者共病焦虑障碍,共病以广泛焦虑障碍与惊恐障碍为最多(分别为22.0%、13.3%);入组时及3个月末,共病组HAMD、HAMA、CGI及SDSS总分均显著高于抑郁组(P＜0.05),3个月末共病组HAMA减分率显著低于抑郁组(P＜0.05),HAMD减分率两组差异无显著性.结论:抑郁与焦虑共病障碍发生率高,具有抑郁及焦虑症状重、社会功能损害重,焦虑症状不易缓解等特征.     

丘脑底核深部电刺激对帕金森病患者抑郁及焦虑的影响

目的探讨丘脑底核(STN)深部电刺激(DBS)手术对帕金森病(PD)患者抑郁及焦虑的影响。方法41例接受STNDBS治疗的PD患者进行神经心理评估,分别于术前1周及术后12个月应用HY分期、统一PD评定量表运动检查部分(UPDRSⅢ)、医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)及PD生活质量问卷(PDQ39)评价其病情、运动状况、情绪及生活质量,并进行统计学分析。结果术后患者UPDRSⅢ、HADS及PDQ39评分较术前极显著改善(均P<0.001),HY分期在“开”及“关”状态均明显改善(P<0.05,P<0.001);Spearman相关性检验提示HADS抑郁评分与PDQ39中情绪状态、羞耻感及总评分变化正相关(r分别为0.35、0.37、0.34,均P<0.05),与HY分期、UPDRSⅢ不相关。HADS焦虑评分与其均不相关。结论STNDBS能改善PD患者的情绪,特别是抑郁状态,进而改善其生活质量。     

焦虑和抑郁障碍共病的治疗

焦虑障碍包括广泛性焦虑障碍 (GAD) ,惊恐障碍 ,强迫症 (OCD) ,社交恐怖 ,混合性焦虑抑郁障碍 (MAD)和创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)。其中 MAD在 ICD- 1 0中的定义是 :患者多见于初级保健机构 ,有一定程度的焦虑和抑郁症状 ,并伴有植物神经症状 ,但又不符合特定的焦虑症或抑郁症诊断标准 ,也应与应激性生活事件无关[1] 。焦虑和抑郁障碍在诊断标准中是相互独立的疾病实体 ,但通常在同一个体共存。当两组症状分别考虑时 ,足以符合相应的诊断标准 ,这种情况称为焦虑、抑郁障碍共病。这种共病在初级保健人群中的患病率达 1 9% ,与单一焦虑或…     

我国综合医院患者抑郁焦虑障碍患病率的Meta分析

目的系统评价我国综合医院患者抑郁焦虑障碍患病率,为更准确地评估综合医院焦虑抑郁患病情况提供参考。方法以"综合医院""抑郁""焦虑""depression""anxiety""general hospitals""China"为检索词,分别检索Pub Med、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国科技期刊数据库(维普,VIP)和万方数据库收录的有关我国综合医院患者焦虑抑郁患病率的文献,并对其进行筛选和质量评价,采用Meta Analyst3.13统计合并效应量,并对患者来源、诊断工具进行亚组分析。结果共纳入文献22篇,总样本51 626例,抑郁、焦虑、抑郁焦虑共病患病率分别为13.6%(95%CI:11.3%~16.4%)、8.1%(95%CI:6.3%~10.4%)、5.2%(95%CI:3.6%~5.7%)。亚组分析显示,门诊抑郁障碍患病率14.0%(95%CI:11.3%~17.3%)高于住院患病率10.2%(95%CI:6.7%~15.1%);不同的诊断标准,抑郁障碍患病率不同,MINI为16.2%(95%CI:13.5%~19.4%),高于SCID的8.8%(95%CI:5.5%~13.6%)。敏感性分析显示,高质量文献合并后与总的合并值接近。结论我国综合医院患者抑郁焦虑障碍患病率高。     

伴抑郁症状的焦虑障碍患者生活质量的研究

目的 探讨伴有抑郁症状的焦虑障碍患者的生活质量.方法 纳入符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版焦虑障碍诊断标准的患者163例和162名正常对照,患者按是否伴有抑郁症状分为单纯焦虑组以及焦虑-抑郁共存组,采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数表(PSQI)和世界卫生组织生命质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)等分别评定受试者的情绪症状、睡眠和生活质量,采用SPSS18.0对两组进行比较.结果 46.6%(76/163)的焦虑障碍患者伴有抑郁症状.焦虑-抑郁共存组的SAS标准分、PSQI总分均高于单纯焦虑组(P<0.01),WHOQOL-BREF总分及生理、心理、社会关系及环境领域得分分别为[ (47.92±8.52 )、(10.17±2.64)、(11.12±2.55)、(11.29±2.27)、(10.69±2.65)],而单纯焦虑组和健康对照组相应得分分别为[(57.88±9.43)、(13.02±2.61)、(13.08±2.29)、(13.44±2.41)、(12.47±2.63)和(65.14±9.42)、(14.99±2.41)、(11.12±2.55)、(11.29±2.27)、(10.69±2.65)],前者各得分均分别高于后两者(P均小于0.01).结论 焦虑障碍患者常伴发抑郁症状,伴有抑郁症状的焦虑障碍患者生活质量更低.     

抑郁障碍与人格障碍的共病研究

目的　了解抑郁障碍患者中人格障碍的发生率,探讨抑郁障碍与人格障碍的共病情况。方法　使用SCID- Ⅱ对102例抑郁障碍患者进行人格障碍的评估,并与102例正常人群对照,对抑郁障碍组进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定。结果　抑郁障碍组人格障碍的发生率为51.9%,31.4%的患者被诊断为两种或以上的人格障碍,显著高于对照组的14.7%;女性抑郁障碍患者人格障碍的发生率(63.5%)显著多于男性患者(40.0%);重性抑郁症与心境恶劣患者人格障碍的共病率则无统计学差异(P>0.05);抑郁障碍患者中最常见的人格障碍类型为回避型、强迫型、消极型以及偏执型。结论　抑郁障碍患者中具有较高的人格障碍患病率,对抑郁障碍和人格障碍的共病应引起临床高度重视。     

Clinical characteristics of unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder according to the lifetime presence of recurrent panic attacks

Objectives:  The frequent comorbidity of panic and affective disorders has been described in previous studies. However, it is not clear how panic disorder comorbidity in unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder is related to illness course.
Methods:  We compared lifetime clinical characteristics of illness and items of symptomatology in samples of individuals with bipolar I disorder (n = 290) and unipolar disorder (n = 335) according to the lifetime presence of recurrent panic attacks.
Results:  We found significant differences in clinical course of illness characteristics that were shared across the unipolar and bipolar samples according to the lifetime presence of panic attacks. We also found a number of differences according to the presence of panic attacks that may be specific to the diagnostic group.
Conclusions:  Distinguishing patients who have mood disorder diagnoses, especially bipolar I disorder, according to the lifetime presence of panic attacks may not only be of use in clinical practice, but may also be informative for aetiological research, such as molecular genetic studies.     

Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder: clinical features and course of illness

DSM-IV's classification of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is controversial. Whereas BDD is classified as a somatoform disorder, its delusional variant is classified as a psychotic disorder. However, the relationship between these BDD variants has received little investigation. In this study, we compared BDD's delusional and nondelusional variants in 191 subjects using reliable and valid measures that assessed a variety of domains. Subjects with delusional BDD were similar to those with nondelusional BDD in terms of most variables, including most demographic features, BDD characteristics, most measures of functional impairment and quality of life, comorbidity, and family history. Delusional and nondelusional subjects also had a similar probability of remitting from BDD over 1 year of prospective follow-up. However, delusional subjects had significantly lower educational attainment, were more likely to have attempted suicide, had poorer social functioning on several measures, were more likely to have drug abuse or dependence, were less likely to currently be receiving mental health treatment, and had more severe BDD symptoms. However, when controlling for BDD symptom severity, the two groups differed only in terms of educational attainment. These findings indicate that BDD's delusional and nondelusional forms have many more similarities than differences, although on several measures delusional subjects evidenced greater morbidity, which appeared accounted for by their more severe BDD symptoms. Thus, these findings offer some support for the hypothesis that these two BDD variants may constitute the same disorder. Additional studies are needed to examine this issue, which may have relevance for other disorders with both delusional and nondelusional variants in DSM.     

Increased risk of hyperthyroidism among patients hospitalized with bipolar disorder

OBJECTIVES: Hyperthyroidism has been associated with affective disorder in many cross-sectional studies, but longitudinal studies in this connection are scarce. We assessed whether hospitalization with depressive disorder or bipolar disorder was a risk factor for development of hyperthyroidism. METHODS: We conducted a historical cohort study using the Danish register data. The observational period was 1977--99. Three study cohorts were identified: all patients with a first hospital admission with resulting index discharge diagnoses of depression, bipolar disorder, or osteoarthritis. The risks of subsequently being readmitted with a resulting discharge diagnosis of hyperthyroidism were estimated in survival analyses. RESULTS: A study sample of 133,570 patients discharged with an index diagnosis was identified. Exactly 610 patients were later readmitted following diagnoses of hyperthyroidism. Patients with depressive disorder did not have an increased risk of hyperthyroidism, whereas patients with bipolar disorder had an increased of risk on the margin of statistical significance, when compared to patients with osteoarthritis. Patients with bipolar disorder had a significantly increased risk of hyperthyroidism when compared to patients with depression. Limitations: The results apply only to hospitalized patients. Diagnoses are not validated for research purposes. CONCLUSION: Patients hospitalized with bipolar disorder tend to be at greater risk of readmission with hyperthyroidism than suitable control patients.     

精神病院中谵妄病人的临床分析

目的：探讨谵妄的病因和临床特点。方法：对符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ意识障碍和ＤＳＭ－Ⅳ谵妄诊断标准１２１例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：引起谵妄的病因很多,以颅脑疾病为最常见,其次是综合因素。临床表现以意识障碍伴有思维不连贯,遗忘,视幼觉和行为紊乱等为主。结论：引起谵妄的病因很多,往往是多种原因作用的结果。谵妄的临床特点是急性起病,以意识障碍伴全面认识功能障碍,症状节律变化为主的临床症状群。     

Prevalence of Axis II Comorbidity in Bipolar Patients with and Without Alcohol Use Disorders

Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence of comorbid personality disorder in euthymic bipolar I patients. Method: Sixty-one outpatients were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID II) and/or the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R). Results: Thirty-eight percent of bipolar patients met criteria for an Axis II diagnosis based on the SCID II. Bipolar subjects with a history of comorbid alcohol use disorder were significantly more likely to have a SCID II diagnosis (52%) compared to those bipolar subjects without an alcohol use disorder history (24%). Cluster A diagnoses were significantly more common in the bipolar/alcohol use disorder group. The PDQ-R consistently overdiagnosed Axis II disorders, finding 62% of the overall bipolar group to have an Axis II diagnosis. Conclusions: Euthymic bipolar patients may have an increased rate of personality disorders, but much less so than previously reported in studies that did not take into account (1) current mood state, (2) comorbidity for an alcohol use disorder, and (3) instrument used for assessment of Axis II psychopathology.     

大一女生非典型摄食障碍的初步调查

目的 了解非典型摄食障碍(EDNOS)的特征表现.方法 采用进食情况调查表(EDI)进行自评问卷调查、摄食障碍检查问卷( EDE)和SCID —I的H部分进行访谈的方法,对8 600名大一女生筛选和确诊摄食障碍,并获取各类摄食障碍的心理行为特征.结果 EDNOS的发病率最高,为7.277‰.EDNOS的代偿行为基本少于神经性厌食症和神经性贪食症;EDNOS群体中,选择剧烈运动和采取一种代偿行为所占的比例相对较高,分别为38.7％和43.5％.三类摄食障碍的EDI与EDE所有因子分的差异均无统计学意义;EDE的条目中,EDNOS的空腹和体重重要性分值低于神经性厌食症,而秘密进食分值低于神经性贪食症.结论 EDNOS总体上具有摄食障碍的所有临床特征,在某些症状上表现较轻,需要鉴别和引起重视.     

Psychiatric manifestations of enteric fever

This is a study of the aetiological and clinical aspects of 50 cases of typhoid fever with psychiatric manifestations in the Sudan. The incidence of psychiatric symptoms was 8%, the clinical picture was one of acute psycho-organic reactions (74%), and in 18% the psychiatric symptoms preceded the onset of the fever. The typhoid infection and, to a lesser degree, susceptible personality seem to be important aetiological factors.     

Differential contextual factors of comorbid conduct and depressive disorders in Spanish children

AbstractObjective The aim of this study was to clarify the validity of the mixed conduct/depressive disorder in young people to justify its place in ICD-10 by examining a wide range of risk factors, school performance and other contextual variables.Method Data on risk factors and other school and family variables were compared between 66 referred children with depressive disorders without conduct disorder, 135 with conduct or oppositional defiant disorder without depressive disorders, and 90 with both. Data were obtained through structured diagnostic interviews with parents and children and questionnaires.Results Marked differences emerged between depressive and comorbid groups in rearing style, school and friends. Comorbid conduct-depression and pure conduct disorders share similar contextual factors; the differences are larger in school, where the pure conduct group has more difficulties.Conclusions Based on contextual factors, pure depression is different from conduct-depressive disorder, but pure conduct disorder is similar to the comorbid condition. The results have implications for nosology and treatment of these disorders.