女性抑郁症患者人格特征与生活应激事件及家庭教养方式的关系

目的:探讨生活应激事件与家庭教养方式对女性抑郁症患者人格特征神经质倾向的影响。方法:采用顺序入组方式,由经过专门培训的访谈员使用电脑评估系统进行一对一访谈,入组南京医科大学附属脑科医院住院及门诊精神科或心理科确诊的女性复发性抑郁症患者。主要采用艾森克神经质量表、生活应激事件量表、父母亲情关系量表(parental bonding instrument,PBI)及一般情况调查表进行访谈,同时与正常女性作对照。结果:共访谈女性复发性抑郁症患者193例,正常女性对照571名。抑郁症组神经质维度评分为(11.21±6.08),对照组评分(2.04±2.95),协方差分析(控制年龄与婚姻)结果显示,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);抑郁症组在生活应激事件、PBI照料维度/母亲、PBI控制维度/母亲、PBI照料维度/父亲、PBI控制维度/父亲5个维度得分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,生活应激事件、PBI照料维度/父亲及PBI控制维度/父亲(β值分别为0.342,0.144,0.111)三者进入回归方程,且均可预测神经质倾向(P<0.01)。其中生活应激事件对神经质倾向的预测作用大于PBI照料维度/父亲及PBI控制维度/父亲两个维度。结论:女性抑郁症患者神经质人格特质与父母不良教养方式及个体经历的不良生活应激事件有关联。     

女性单相抑郁症对照研究

目的:了解女性单相抑郁症临床特征,包括共病情况与患病风险。方法:采用复合国际诊断访谈与自评式问卷调查方式,入组100例女性单相抑郁症患者与100例正常女性对照。结果:女性单相抑郁症与广泛性焦虑障碍、惊恐障碍、心境恶劣共病率较高,与对照组相比,抑郁症患者家族史阳性率高,艾森克人格问卷神经质维度评分高,生活应激明显。结论:女性单相抑郁症共病较多。神经质、家族史阳性、生活应激事件可能是患病风险因素。     

不同类型首发症状的双相障碍患者临床特征对比研究

目的比较不同类型首发症状双相障碍患者社会人口学和临床特征的差异性。方法收集首次确诊为双相障碍的患者470例,根据首发症状类型不同分为躁狂/轻躁狂首发组(200例)和抑郁首发组(270例),采集相关社会人口学特征和临床特征信息;对所有入组患者随访12个月,记录6个月末和12个月末的复发情况。结果抑郁首发组与躁狂/轻躁狂组相比较,年龄更小[(36.67±12.24)岁vs.(39.18±11.07)岁,P=0.02],女性比例更高(51.90%vs. 41.00%,P=0.03),受教育年限更长[(10.45±4.71)年vs.(9.51±3.98)年,P=0.02],确诊延搁时间更短[(7.79±8.50)年vs.(11.46±10.30)年,P0.01],精神疾病阳性家族史比例(33.00%vs.23.50%,P0.01)和精神刺激史发生率(28.50%vs.14.00%,P0.01)更高,平均复诊时间更长[(7.54±5.69)月vs.(5.66±5.77)月,P0.01]),并且抑郁首发组复发次数多于躁狂/轻躁狂首发组(均P0.01)。结论双相障碍以抑郁症状为首发症状者较多;以抑郁症状为首发症状的双相障碍患者受教育程度高、确诊延搁时间更短、多伴有精神刺激史及精神疾病阳性家族史,且复发率高。     

医务人员职业倦怠与工作满意度现状调查

目的调查医务人员职业倦怠与工作满意度情况。方法采用随机数字表法选取佛山市公立医院医务人员1 620名,采用职业生活质量量表(Pro QOL)、明尼苏达工作满意度问卷短式量表(MSQ)、主观幸福感量表(SHS)进行评定。结果共收集有效问卷1 423份;30≤年龄40岁的医务人员职业倦怠评分高于20≤年龄30岁者[(28.29±5.38)分vs.(27.27±5.20)分,t=-1.02,P=0.014],医生职业倦怠评分高于护士[(28.34±5.29)分vs.(27.34±5.16)分,t=-1.00,P=0.009],中级职称医务人员职业倦怠评分高于初级职称者[(28.28±5.16)分vs.(27.36±5.25)分,t=0.92,P=0.020],硕士学历者职业倦怠评分高于专科学历者[(28.49±4.96)分vs.(27.08±5.30)分,t=1.42,P=0.043],精神专科医院及口腔医院的医务人员职业倦怠评分低于其他医院医务人员[(25.39±5.00)分vs.(26.03±4.22)分,F=11.62,P0.01],而工作满意度评分[(72.98±9.52)分vs.(71.18±8.07)分,F=7.31,P0.01]和主观幸福感评分[(20.02±3.94)分vs.(20.33±3.67)分,F=5.65,P0.01)]均高于其他医院。结论 30≤年龄40岁、医生、中级职称、硕士学历的医务人员职业倦怠水平较高,精神专科医院及口腔医院医务人员职业倦怠水平较低且工作满意度和主观幸福感较高。     

难治性抑郁症的临床特征以及甲状腺激素水平的对照研究

目的探讨难治性抑郁症的临床特征以及甲状腺激素水平。方法采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项版(HRSD-17)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)对符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)诊断标准的48例难治性抑郁症患者和54例非难治性抑郁症患者进行测评,采用放射免疫法测定两组患者血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平。结果难治性抑郁症组(TRD组)与非难治性抑郁症组(非TRD组)比较,起病年龄更早[(16.4±3.8)岁vs.(23.6±4.3)岁],受教育年限更短[(8.7±2.1)年vs.(10.6±2.3)年],本次发病病程更长[(65.1±18.3)月vs.(4.9±2.5)月],HRSD-17中行为阻滞因子评分更高[(8.37±2.43)分vs.(6.51±2.55)分],血清FT3水平更低[(3.93±0.52)pmol/L vs.(4.21±0.49)pmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论难治性抑郁症患者单次病程长,起病早,文化水平低,阻滞症状重,血清FT3水平低。     

长期住院精神分裂症患者的孤独感与共情缺陷

目的探讨长期住院精神分裂症患者的孤独感和共情缺陷特征。方法采用病例对照研究,67例住院时间超过2年的精神分裂症患者为研究组,66例病史大于2年的门诊精神分裂症患者为对照组。所有受试完成一般情况调查表、感情-社会孤独量表(ESLS)和人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)。结果①两组性别、年龄、文化程度差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05);②研究组感情-社会孤独量表总评分高于对照组[(29.78±5.58)分vs.(27.16±3.79)分],差异有统计学意义(t=-3.17,P=0.002),情感孤独与社会孤独因子分也均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);③研究组IRI-C总评分低于对照组[(31.39±11.02)分vs.(39.69±9.61)分],差异有统计学意义(t=4.61,P0.001),反映共情缺陷的"同情关心"因子评分研究组低于对照组[(9.21±3.46)分vs.(11.18±2.93)分],差异有统计学意义(t=3.55,P=0.001)。结论长期住院精神分裂症患者共情缺陷和孤独感明显,需鼓励患者回归社区以缓解孤独感,降低共情缺陷。     

头发、血浆皮质醇水平变化与抑郁症的相关性研究

目的探讨头发、血浆皮质醇水平在抑郁症发病过程中的特点及抗抑郁治疗前后的变化。方法纳入抑郁症患者47例和正常对照47名。抑郁症组给予选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂治疗4周,分别于治疗前、治疗4周后检测头发、血浆皮质醇水平,分别采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17,HAMD-17)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)评估抑郁症状和焦虑症状的严重程度及疗效。对照组不予干预,于入组时检测头发、血浆皮质醇水平。结果抑郁症组治疗前头发皮质醇水平高于对照组[(17.42±12.40)nmol/L vs.(10.22±8.00)nmol/L,P0.01],血浆皮质醇水平两组间无统计学差异(P0.05)。抑郁症组治疗后HAMD-17总分[(10.60±4.57)vs.(24.00±4.86)]和HAMA总分[(6.30±4.86)vs.(15.78±5.45)]较治疗前均降低(P0.01),治疗后头发皮质醇水平较治疗前增高[(30.53±25.75)nmol/L vs.(16.02±11.77)nmol/L,P0.05],血浆皮质醇水平治疗前后差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后达到临床痊愈的患者治疗前血浆皮质醇水平高于非临床痊愈的患者[(27.47±14.48)nmol/L vs.(18.30±7.11)nmol/L,P0.05]。抑郁症组治疗前血浆皮质醇水平与HAMD-17中的胃肠道症状因子分呈正相关(r=0.335,P=0.023),与HAMD-17总分及其他因子的相关性均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论抑郁症患者头发皮质醇水平高于正常对照,经抗抑郁药治疗后头发皮质醇水平较治疗前升高。治疗前血浆皮质醇水平高的患者可能对抗抑郁药治疗更敏感,可获得更好的临床疗效。     

抑郁症患者生活事件、特质应对方式、父母养育方式及社会支持情况研究

目的了解抑郁症患者生活事件、特质应对方式、父母养育方式及社会支持状况及其性别差异。方法选取符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)抑郁症诊断标准的天津市精神卫生中心2013年3月-2014年2月门诊和住院患者104例,在社区中选取与所调查抑郁症患者社会人口学特征较为接近且汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-24)评分8分的健康人106例作为对照组;对两组进行生活事件(LES)、特质应对方式(TCSQ)、父母教养方式(EMBU)及社会支持(SSRS)量表测评。结果抑郁症患者负性刺激量、积极应对方式、父亲处罚严厉、母亲处罚严厉、母亲拒绝否认因子评分与对照组比较[(29.96±11.81)vs.(15.00±9.81),(29.31±5.39)vs.(25.36±5.00),(14.69±4.11)vs.(18.41±10.29),(10.23±2.69)vs.(12.34±4.39),(10.02±2.29)vs.(12.64±4.13)],差异有统计学意义(t=-5.699~9.976,P均0.01)。男性抑郁症患者的积极、消极应对方式及社会支持的总得分均高于女性(P0.05)。结论 1抑郁症患者经历更多的负性生活事件并多采用积极应对方式;2父母亲的教育方式均表现为低处罚严厉、低拒绝否认,母亲还表现为低过度保护;3抑郁症患者的客观社会支持较多、主观社会支持较少;4男性比女性抑郁症患者采用更多的积极应对方式和消极应对方式,并有更多的社会支持。     

首发抑郁症患者自我旋转任务下诱发电位P500研究

目的 探讨抑郁症的自我旋转能力及其脑电生理机制,进一步了解抑郁症空间认知能力的损害.方法 对23例首发抑郁症患者和22名健康对照者进行自我旋转任务下的事件相关电位测定,检测被试者的神经心理学表现和P500的潜伏期、波幅.结果 与对照组相比,患者组左手和右手的错误率均升高[(28±5)％vs.(24±4)％,P＜ 0.05; (26±4％) vs.(24±3％),P＜0.05],而且左手和右手的反应时也均较对照组延长[(1193.79±53.32)ms vs.(742.62±15.21)ms,P＜ 0.05;(1105.57±51.61)ms vs.(732.10±16.53)ms,P＜ 0.05];患者组左手错误率升高值、反应时延长值均大于右手(P＜0.05).患者组左手、右手的P500波幅均降低[(5.22±2.41)μV vs.(8.28±3.11)μV,P＜0.05; (6.79±3.24)μV vs.(8.29±3.41)μV,P＜ 0.05],左右手潜伏期均较对照组延迟[(551.37±45.27)ms vs.(508.22±28.22)ms,P＜0.05; (542.74±46.73) ms vs.(507.52±31.48)ms,P＜0.05];患者组的左手波幅降低值、潜伏期延迟值均大于右手(P＜0.05).结论 首发抑郁症患者自我旋转能力受损提示其信息加工的速度与深度均受损,左手受损程度大于右手,提示左右手加工的生物学机制可能不同.     

盐酸文拉法辛缓释片联合舒肝解郁胶囊治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的临床对照研究

目的比较盐酸文拉法辛缓释片联合舒肝解郁胶囊与单用盐酸文拉法辛缓释片治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的效果及安全性。方法选择符合《中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准(第3版)》(CCMD-3)的抑郁症伴躯体症状患者60例,按就诊时间和入院顺序单双号分为研究组和对照组各30例。两组均服用盐酸文拉法辛缓释片,研究组在此基础上加用舒肝解郁胶囊治疗,疗程6周,在治疗第2、4、6周对患者进行汉密顿抑郁量表17项版(HAMD-17)及副反应量表(TESS)评定。结果治疗第6周末,研究组显效率高于对照组(86.67%vs.73.33%,χ2=6.125,P0.05);两组HAMD-17评分差异有统计学意义[(7.36±3.41)vs.(11.14±3.25),t=4.59,P0.01];两组HAMD-17焦虑/躯体化因子评分差异有统计学意义[(4.64±1.11)vs.(1.57±1.45),t=6.324,P0.01];两组TESS评分差异无统计学意义[(3.47±0.85)vs.(3.96±1.23),t=1.12,P0.05]。结论盐酸文拉法辛缓释片联合舒肝解郁胶囊治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症较单用盐酸文拉法辛缓释片起效更快,更快改善躯体症状,不增加药物的不良反应。     

Factors associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the work described here was to determine those variables associated with satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy. METHODS: We interviewed patients followed at a tertiary epilepsy center. Predictor variables included age, gender, race, education, income, insurance, seizure frequency, and Quality of Life in Epilepsy-10 inventory (QOLIE-10) results. Target variables were the subscales of the Short Form Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18). We used univariate analysis to identify those variables significantly associated with the subscales and multiple linear regression to determine those independently significant. RESULTS: The study population comprised 193 patients. Lower education and better QOLIE-10 scores were independently associated with general satisfaction with care. The mental health scale was associated with general satisfaction with care. Lower educational level was the only variable independently associated with patient satisfaction with communication, the financial aspect of care, and time spent with physician. CONCLUSION: Lower educational level and better quality of life are the main variables associated with higher general satisfaction with care among patients with epilepsy.     

Treatment with rituximab in patients with polyneuropathy with anti-MAG antibodies

Journal of Neurology -     

Surgical Outcome in Patients with Epilepsy with Occult Vascular Malformations Treated with Lesionectomy

Summary: Purpose: This retrospective study reports the long-term surgical outcome of patients with medically refractory epilepsy and vascular malformations who were treated with lesionectomy. A detailed analysis of surgical failures had been performed in an attempt to define predictors of surgical success and failure.
Methods: Fifteen patients with medically intractable epilepsy and angiographically occult vascular malformations (AOVMs) were treated surgically with lesionectomy at Duke University Medical Center. Lesionectomy consisted of removal of the AOVM and surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain only, without the use of electrocorticography (ECoG) to guide resection.
Results: Eleven (73%) patients are seizure free after lesionectomy. Three showed no significant improvement, and one patient died, presumably after a seizure. Age of onset, duration of seizures, age at resection, and gender did not affect outcome. All patients with neocortical AOVMs in whom EEG findings correlated with the site of the lesion were seizure free after lesional resection. Treatment failures were associated with the presence of multiple intracranial lesions, poorly localized or diffuse EEG findings, discordant positron emission tomography (PET) imaging, or with a lesion in close proximity to the limbic system.
Conclusions: Lesionectomy, with removal of surrounding hemosiderin-stained brain, can be considered the procedure of choice in carefully selected patients with epilepsy with occult vascular malformations.     

Children with ADHD and motor dysfunction compared with children with ADHD only

The purpose of this study was to identify group differences in children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder and motor dysfunction (ADHD-MD) and ADHD only, and to evaluate the medication responsiveness of ADHD-MD. Sixty-three children (49 males and 14 females; mean age 9 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months) underwent a triple blind, placebo-controlled crossover study evaluating two dose levels of methylphenidate (0.3 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg [corrected], twice daily) and placebo. Forty-nine trials were completed. Nineteen were children with ADHD-MD, 44 had ADHD only. Behavior and functioning were assessed at home and at school. Treatment effects were assessed using the Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire for Parents and Teachers. Children with ADHD-MD were more likely to have severe ADHD-combined type and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. Both groups of children had a linear dose response to medication (placebo, low, high) and there was no evidence of a group by dose interaction or an overall group effect at home or school. The lack of group effect suggests that these children responded to medication like the other subgroups.     

Chronic headache with vasospasm treated with nimodipine

Journal of Neurology -