脑干三叉神经诱发电位的刺激方法研究

目的 :研究适于术中监护的脑干三叉神经诱发电位 (BTEP)诱发方法。方法 :分别采用两种方法引导BTEP :①表面电极直接刺激下唇 ;②针状电极穿刺眶下孔直接刺激眶下神经 ,并比较其优、缺点。结果 :针状电极刺激引导出稳定的BTEP波形 ;BTEP包含3个主要波 :W1、W2 和W3 。W1为正波 ,潜伏期 0 79～ 0 85ms ;W2 为负波 ,潜伏期 1 72～ 1 80ms ;W3 为负波 ,潜伏期 2 60～ 2 65ms。结论 :针状电极刺激较表面电极刺激引导BTEP的电位记录效果为好     

三叉神经痛脑干三叉神经诱发电位波形特征及微血管减压术后变化

目的研究三叉神经痛脑干三叉神经诱发电位(BTEP)波形特征,及微血管减压术(MVD)后波形变化。方法对10例三叉神经V2支疼痛病人行MVD手术,收集MVD前后BTEP电位波形,观察波形分化,记录潜伏期、波形持续时间,并观察病人术后疗效。结果 10例病人中,术前7例W2、W3波形消失,减压术后5例出现波形分化差;2例出现波形分化差,减压术后潜伏期缩短。术后10例病人疼痛症状均缓解。结论三叉神经痛病人BTEP电位异常,MVD术后BTEP电位波形改善。BTEP监测可用来指导MVD。     

三叉神经痛射频治疗前后皮层诱发电位观察

本文对42例三叉神经痛患者采用皮肤表面电极刺激三叉神经第Ⅱ支,在三叉神经感觉皮层投射区,记录了射频治疗前、后三叉神经诱发电位的变化,同时与40例正常人作对照。结果提示:三叉神经痛病人组诱发电位P_2,N_2波的潜伏期较对照组有明显延长(P<0.01)。射频治疗后诱发电位各波波幅均有不同程度的抑制,与术前比较,只有P_2波波幅的抑制有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结果说明P_2波与三叉神经痛有密切的关系,P_2波波幅的变化可作为反映三叉神经痛的、客观的非特异指标,本研究采用表面电极刺激三叉神经可记录到皮层诱发电位,为今后探讨三叉神经元的传导在皮层的联系和三叉神经痛的发病机理提供一个客观简便的方法。     

脑干三叉神经诱发电位的特征及临床应用研究

目的　探讨正常人脑干三叉神经诱发电位 (BTEP)的波形特征及三叉神经系统病变时BTEP的变化。方法　对 3 0名正常成人进行BTEP检测 ,确定正常值标准 ,并与 2 5例确诊为三叉神经系统病变患者的BTEP检查结果进行比较。结果　 3 0名正常人均记录到清晰、稳定的BTEP反应波。病例组 2 5例中BTEP异常 14例 ( 5 6% ) ,其中双侧异常 6例。 9例有面部感觉障碍者中 8例BTEP异常 ,16例无面部感觉障碍者 6例异常。 5例经脑外科手术证实的脑桥小脑角肿瘤患者 4例异常。 7例行射频治疗者 ,手术前后BTEP无明显变化。周围性病变时 ,BTEP主要表现为T1、T2 波消失或潜伏期延长 ,T1～T3波波间潜伏期差值 (IPLD)延长。中枢性病变时T3、T5波消失或低波幅 ,T1～T5、T2 ～T5波IPLD延长。结论　用无伤害性刺激在正常人可引导出稳定的BTEP反应波。三叉神经系统周围神经和脑干中枢部分病变时 ,BTEP变化明显。BTEP为评价三叉神经周围结构和脑干中枢神经通路功能 ,提供了一个新的、可靠的电生理学方法。     

三叉神经痛患者的三叉神经诱发电位探讨

目的:探讨三叉神经痛患者脑干三叉神经诱发电位(BTEP)的波形特征及其临床价值。方法:对50例三叉神经痛患者进行BTEP检测。结果:50例三叉神经痛患者,正常10例,异常40例.BTEP异常率80%。疼痛侧异常包括双侧异常37例,疼痛侧异常明显高于对侧。异常BTEP主要表现为T2、T3波形消失或分化欠佳,波幅低下,或峰潜伏期延长,IPLI)延长。BTEP的变化与病情相关,病情越重、病程越长BTEP异常越明显。结论:BTEP可作为检测三叉神经痛患者的一种电生理方法。     

脑干三叉神经诱发电位对三叉神经根部分切断术的临床应用研究

目的 评价脑干三叉神经诱发电位对三叉神经痛病人三叉神经根切断术的临床应用价值.方法 作者研究了36例经术前MRTA及术中探查除外神经血管接触的三叉神经痛病人,在三叉神经感觉根大部切断术过程中,通过术前、中、后记录BTEP以监测三叉神经传导功能;测定BTEP潜伏期及波幅参量的变化指导手术的进程.结果 36例病人患侧BTEP潜伏期延长、波幅降低,提示三叉神经痛患者三叉神经传导功能损害,术中待BTEP呈一直线后,不再继续切断神经根,术后疼痛均缓解,未遗三叉运动功能障碍.结论 脑干三叉神经诱发电位可以指导选择性三叉神经根切断术并防止三叉神经眼支损害的发生.     

三叉神经诱发电位对原发性三叉神经痛的临床及预后评价的研究

目的 :探讨原发性三叉神经痛的三叉神经体感诱发电位 (BTEP)的特点及临床意义。方法 :采用美国Nicoletspirit多导诱发电位仪 ,对 2 3例原发性三叉神经痛患者进行患侧和健侧的BTEP检查 ,并对结果进行对比分析 ,同时设置 12例正常人的BTEP做为对照。结果 :BTEP提示患侧三叉神经的短潜伏期延长、波幅降低 ,与健侧比较有显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,BTEP的变化与原发性三叉神经痛的病程长短及临床表现严重程度相关。结论 :BTEP有助于原发性三叉神经痛的定性及定量诊断 ,能指导治疗及预后评价     

三叉神经痛患者诱发电位临床分析

目的分析三叉神经痛患者诱发电位(TSEP)的波形特点及临床价值。方法选取我院收治的50例原发性三叉神经痛患者为观察组,采用多导诱发肌电仪检测其健侧与患侧三叉神经体感诱发电位。同时以正常健康人作为对照组,总结三叉神经痛患者TSEP波形的变化特征。结果观察组患侧P1、N1、P3、N3、N4波潜伏期与同组健侧比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其患侧P1、N1、P2、N2、P3、N3、P4、N5波潜伏期与正常对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组P1N1、NIP2、P2N2、N2P3、N3P4各波波幅均高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在三叉神经痛的定量诊断中,采用脑三叉神经体感诱发电位方案,可反映潜伏期及波幅指标的变化,同时可将潜伏期N1、P3延迟,N2P3波幅升高、N3P4波幅降低作为诊断三叉神经痛的辅助标准。     

椎基底动脉扩张延长症所致三叉神经痛1例的术中电生理变化

目的探讨椎基底动脉扩张延长症(vertebrobasilar dolichectasia,VBD)并发三叉神经痛在显微血管减压术(microvascular decompression,MVD)中脑干三叉神经诱发电位(brainstem trigeminal nerve evoked potential,BTEP)变化。方法回顾性分析1例原发性三叉神经痛患者的临床表现、影像学、治疗方法、脑干三叉神经诱发电位,结合现有文献报道分析。结果 MVD后W2波未恢复正常,术后患者疼痛症状虽缓解,但出现面部麻木。结论 BTEP可能预测TN术后有无面部麻木。     

神经电生理监测在三叉神经半月节射频热凝术的应用研究

目的探讨神经电生理监测在三叉神经痛射频热凝术的应用价值。方法选择430例原发性三叉神经痛病例,采用Hartel前入路穿刺法,局麻下经皮卵圆孔穿刺,通过电生理验证,结合阻抗、脉冲评估穿刺准确性,观察BTEP波W2-W3峰间潜伏期值的变化,个性化调整热凝毁损时间。结果术后即刻缓解率65.1%,明显缓解率30.2%,治疗有效率达95.3%。术后复发率2%。术后面部麻木发生率31.4%。结论神经电生理的应用,可获得满意疗效,减少手术并发症,降低复发率。根据术中脑干三叉神经诱发电位波形变化,减少射频热凝时间,可降低术后麻木发生率,提高病人生活质量。     

三叉神经痛微血管减压术后神经传导功能的恢复

目的 评价三叉神经痛(TN)微血管减压术(MVD)前后三叉神经的功能恢复.方法 本文研究了38例经磁共振三维层析血管成像术(MRTA)证实有神经血管接触的TN患者,在MVD过程中,通过术前、中、后记录早期头皮诱发电位监测三叉神经传导功能;同时从三叉神经出脑干区(REZ)直接记录诱发电位作为对照研究.结果 所有病例的术前头皮诱发电位均显示三叉神经根部的传导功能损害.头皮诱发电位和根部直接记录电位证实MVD后32例患者三叉神经传导功能迅速恢复,所有患者术后疼痛均缓解.结论 MVD后TN的改善常与神经生理学数值恢复正常有关,提示神经传导功能的恢复.MVD后电生理数值的迅速恢复和疼痛缓解均证明这两种现象与髓鞘再生无关.     

Early trigeminal evoked potentials in tumours of the base of the skull and trigeminal neuralgia

Early scalp responses evoked by stimulation of the infraorbital nerve (W1, W2, W3) have been investigated in 23 patients affected by tumours of the base of the skull (parasellar area and cerebello-pontine angle) and in 38 patients suffering from 'idiopathic' trigeminal neuralgia. Differences in conduction times between healthy and affected side were evaluated and confronted with data obtained from 30 normal volunteers. Alterations of the response were found in all the patients with tumours of the base of the skull who had clinical signs in the trigeminal area and in 7 of the 12 cases without such signs. The usual pattern of alteration in cases with tumours of the parasellar area was a parallel involvement of W2 and W3 (both absent or delayed to the same extent), whereas in tumours of the cerebello-pontine angle W3 was more seriously affected than W2. Wave W1 was never altered. Pre- and post-operative recording sessions in 2 patients showed definite improvement of the responses after removal of the tumour. In 9 patients suffering from 'idiopathic' trigeminal neuralgia delays of conduction were found on the painful side, suggesting that damage to the trigeminal root, possibly at its entry zone into the pons, had taken place. Retrogasserian injection of glycerol was performed in 12 of the 38 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Stimulation of the operated side showed disappearance of W2 and W3 in 9 cases, prolonged W1-W3 interval in 2 cases and no alterations in 1 case. The extent of response alteration usually paralleled the clinical results.     

脑干血管病的脑干三叉神经诱发电位的研究

目的：探讨脑干血管病的脑干三叉神经诱发电位（BTEP）改变及其临床价值。方法：对28例脑干脑血管（出血12例,梗死16例）进行BTEP检测,同时检测干听觉诱发电位（BAEP）,并结合临床资料进行分析。结果：28例脑干血管病患者BTEP正常7例、异常21例（75％）,其中双侧异常13例、单侧异常8例,异常BTEP主要表现为T3、T5波形消失、波幅低下,或峰潜伏期延长,T1－T3、T1－T5波同期延长,BTEP的变化与病情相关,,且较BAEP更灵敏。结论：BTEP可作为评价脑干血管病引起的脑干细胞损伤的可靠电生理学方法。     

磁共振T1加权三维选择性水激发成像在三叉神经痛诊断中的应用

目的：评价磁共振T1加权三维选择性水激发（MR T1W 3D-WATS）成像在颅内血管压迫性三叉神经痛诊断中的应用价值。方法：14例三叉神经痛患者和6名正常志愿者行MR T1W 3D-WATS扫描及多平面重组,观察三叉神经与邻近血管的关系。结果：MRI示14例三叉神经痛患者中,单侧三叉神经受压右侧2例、左侧6例;双侧均受压5例,其中1例为双侧疼痛,仅有右侧或左侧疼痛的单侧疼痛各2例;1例患者两侧三叉神经均未见明显受压,但临床有明显右侧三叉神经痛症状。志愿者中,有受压现象者左、右侧各1例。三叉神经受颅内血管压迫与临床表现有明显相关性（P=0.03,r=0.84）。责任血管分别为小脑上动脉13/19支,小脑前下动脉1/19支,基底动脉1/19支,起源不清血管4/19支。结论：MR T1W 3D-WATS成像能够清楚显示三叉神经与邻近血管的关系,为临床颅内血管压迫性三叉神经痛的诊断提供依据。     

Trigeminal evoked potentials in patients with symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia due to intracranial mass lesions.

Trigeminal evoked potentials (TEP) were recorded by electrical stimulation of the lips in 7 patients with symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia due to CT proved mass lesions involving the trigeminal nerve. All the patients showed TEP abnormalities on the affected side. Chronic compression and irritation of the trigeminal nerve may be responsible for these changes. The results obtained were compared with other similar studies and TEP abnormalities observed in idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. As all the patients had unequivocal compression of the trigeminal nerve and all of them had TEP changes, it can be concluded that TEP abnormality is an accurate predictor of trigeminal nerve compression. TEPs may be a valuable aid in demonstrating a compressive element in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.     

Measurement of pulse pressure profiles in patients with trigeminal neuralgia

Applanation tonometry is a non-invasive method of assessing the arterial blood pressure profiles in both the peripheral and systemic circulation. In this study the authors examined whether there were differences in these profiles in patients with trigeminal neuralgia. The carotid artery and derived aortic blood pressure waveforms were obtained using a pulse wave analysis system. The ratio of the pressure wave amplitude above the systolic shoulder to the total systolic blood pressure (augmentation index, AIx) was recorded. Thirty two patients with trigeminal neuralgia (16 male and 16 female) and 100 controls (50 male and 50 female) were recruited. Eleven patients had been treated by microvascular decompression, mean (SD) time from surgery 17 (24) months (range 3-86 months). For the patients with trigeminal neuralgia, the right and left carotid artery AIxs (mean (SD)) were 120.6 (21.7)% and 120.7 (19.1)% respectively. Corresponding values for the control group were 120.5 (19.3)% and 120.9 (19.5)%. The calculated AIx for the ascending aorta was 27.7 (10.1)% and 27.2 (10.5)% for the patients with trigeminal neuralgia and controls respectively. No significant differences were seen in either the right or left carotid artery (p=0.5 and p=0.6 respectively) or the derived ascending aorta (p=0.8). The results show that there does not seem to be a generalised increase in arterial stiffness in patients with trigeminal neuralgia.     

Neuralgia del trigémino clásica familiar

Introduction

The classic form of trigeminal neuralgia is usually sporadic (no familial clustering). However, around 2% of all cases of trigeminal neuralgia may be familial. Describing this entity may be useful for diagnosing this process and may also be key to determining the underlying causes of sporadic classical trigeminal neuralgia. We report on cases in a series of 5 families with at least 2 members with classic trigeminal neuralgia, amounting to a total of 11 cases.

局部注射布比卡因联合口服卡马西平治疗三叉神经痛的疗效分析

目的分析局部注射布比卡因联合口服卡马西平治疗三叉神经痛的临床疗效,以期为原发性三叉神经痛的诊疗提供借鉴。方法选取2012-04—2014-06入住我院原发性三叉神经痛患者64例为研究对象,随机分为2组,观察组予以局部注射布比卡因联合口服卡马西平治疗,对照组予以口服卡马西平治疗,分别记录治疗前及治疗后1周、2周、3周、4周、2个月、3个月、6个月的疼痛强度评分,并记录治疗期间出现的不良反应。结果对照组有效24例(70.6%),观察组有效28倒(93.3%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组出现嗜睡5例,头晕3例,恶心口干各1例;对照组出现嗜睡6例,头晕4例,恶心口干各2例,2组不良反应比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。2种治疗方式均未发现血尿常规及肝、肾功能等异常改变。结论局部注射布比卡因联合口服卡马西平治疗原发性三叉神经痛有明显的疗效,且优于卡马西平组,不良反应发生率无明显增加,值得进一步推广。     

硫酸链霉素治疗原发性难治性三叉神经痛

目的观察局部注射硫酸链霉素治疗原发性难治性三叉神经痛的疗效。方法将常规注射用硫酸链霉素粉针剂稀释后,进行选择性三叉神经浅表神经干注射,其中第2支支配区域内疼痛者于患侧眶下孔处注射;第3支支配区域内疼痛者则注射患侧下齿槽神经干;单纯下唇部疼痛则注射患侧颏孔。隔2～3d注射1次,连续注射3次为1个疗程。疗效判定标准:治愈,1～2个疗程结束后临床症状完全消失,并持续缓解>6个月;好转,1～2个疗程结束后临床症状改善、疼痛减轻、发作次数明显减少;无效,1～2个疗程结束后临床症状无改善。结果60例原发性难治性三叉神经痛患者,58例(96.6%)治愈,1例(1.7%)好转,1例(1.7%)无效,总有效率为98.3%。治疗期间及治疗后60例患者均无听觉损害症状以及体征,经眶下孔及颏孔注射者,注射1～2次后局部出现红、肿、痛甚至淤斑,治疗后1个月自行消失。结论局部注射硫酸链霉素治疗原发性难治性三叉神经痛,操作简便、安全,临床症状缓解时间长,可重复注射,疗效好且经济实用。