精神科护士干预前后心理健康状况调查

目的 了解我院精神科护士心理健康状况,探讨干预方法.方法 采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对我院150名护士的心理健康状况,在干预前后进行调查研究.结果 干预前SCL-90量表测查,总分和人际关系、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、强迫六项因子分显著高于中国常模(P＜0.05),干预后 SCL-90量表测查,除躯体化、人际关系两因子外与中国常模比较均无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 精神科护士的心理健康状况较差,应引起关注,给予心理干预和提高其心理健康水平.     

综合医院心理门诊就诊人群心理健康状况分析

目的 探讨综合医院心理门诊就诊人群心理健康状况.方法 首先就664例就诊者的职业、性别构成和病种构成进行分析.使用症状自评量表（SCL-90）对就诊者进行评定,将就诊者分为有诊断有问题组、有诊断无问题组、无诊断有问题组和无诊断无问题组,并将就诊者的SCL-90得分情况与中国成人常模比较.结果 综合医院心理门诊就诊者女性多于男性,就诊比例较多的依次为退休人员、待业人员、学生、工人和教师.疾病分布以抑郁障碍、焦虑障碍、精神分裂症、躯体化障碍、双向情感障碍为多见.就诊者的SCL-90评分总分、总均分、阳性项目数和各因子分均高于常模（P＜0.05）.68.37%就诊前有诊断者SCL-90各条目均高于常模,尽管31.63%就诊前有诊断者各因子分均在正常范围内,但他们的量表总分和阳性项目数均高于常模;62.61%的就诊前无诊断者SCL-90总分、总均分、阳性项目数和各因子分均高于常模.就诊者中心理健康状况异常与正常者分别为73.64%与26.36%.结论 综合医院心理门诊就诊者多数为心理健康状况异常者,仅约1/4多的就诊者心理健康状况正常.     

为照料者实施干预对老年痴呆患者BPSD症状的影响

目的 探讨为照料者实施综合干预对稳定老年痴呆患者精神行为(BPSD)症状的影响.方法 对100例住院老年痴呆患者的照料者实施为期6个月的综合干预,于干预前、干预3,6个月末采用AD病理行为评分量表(BEHAVE-AD)、总体衰退量表(GDS)分别对患者的BPSD症状及痴呆衰退程度进行评定、比较.结果 干预3,6个月末患者BEHAVE-AD总分及除妄想、幻觉外的各因子分均较干预前显著降低;其中尤以攻击行为、焦虑恐惧、行为紊乱因子分值降低最明显.而GDS评分干预前后均无明显变化,差异无统计学意义.结论 为照料者实施综合干预,可有效改善老年痴呆患者BPSD症状,稳定患者病情,利于护理.     

乌鲁木齐市援疆干部睡眠质量和心理健康状况调查

目的调查乌鲁木齐市援疆干部的睡眠质量及心理健康状况,为改善其睡眠质量、提高心理健康水平提供参考。方法采用横断面研究方法,于2014年3月-2016年12月在乌鲁木齐市7个区中随机抽取其中的天山区和新市区2个区的62名援疆干部和65名本地干部进行调查,采用匹兹堡睡眠指数量表(PSQI)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)评定其睡眠质量和心理健康状况。结果援疆干部PQSI总评分≥7分者共28人(45. 1%),本地干部组PQSI总评分≥7分者共27人(41. 5%),援疆干部PSQI睡眠潜伏期、睡眠效率和总评分均高于本地干部(t=2. 337~2. 421,P均0. 05)。援疆干部SCL-90总评分、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、敌对和偏执因子评分均低于全国常模(t=-8. 610~-2. 040,P 0. 05或0. 01),恐怖因子评分高于全国常模(t=2. 950,P 0. 01)。援疆干部SCL-90恐怖因子评分高于本地干部(t=2. 538,P 0. 05),人际关系敏感和敌对因子评分均低于本地干部(t=-2. 604、-3. 480,P 0. 05或0. 01)。结论乌鲁木齐市援疆干部的总体心理健康状况优于普通人群,但睡眠效率差、睡眠潜伏期长。     

"癫痫"诊断对个体心理健康和睡眠质量状况的影响

目的探讨癫痫诊断对个体心理健康与睡眠质量状况的影响。方法采用症状自评量表(Symptom Checklist 90,SCL-90)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI),对100例确诊癫痫患者和74例可疑癫痫患者的心理健康水平和睡眠质量状况进行评价。结果确诊癫痫组的心理健康水平较常模水平低,SCL-90的总分、总均分、强迫症状、焦虑、恐怖和精神病性因子的差别具有非常显著性意义(P＜0．01或P＜0．001),躯体化、抑郁、敌对因子的差别具有显著性意义(P＜0．05),但人际关系敏感和偏执因子的差别无显著性意义(P＞0．05)。可疑癫痫组SCL-90评分水平更高,除人际关系敏感和偏执因子的差别无显著性意义外(P＞0．05),其余SCL-90全部指标的差别均具有非常显著性意义(P＜0．01或P＜0．001)。但两组SCL-90相应指标的差别无显著性意义(P＞0．05)。与正常人相比,确诊癫痫组除睡眠时间和睡眠障碍因子的差别无显著性意义外(P＞0．05),其余所有PSQI指标的差别均具有显著性意义(P＜0．01或P＜0．05)。可疑癫痫组的PSQI评分水平更高,与正常人相比,除睡眠效率因子的差别无显著性意义外(P＞0．05),其它所有指标的差别均具有显著性意义(P相似文献   

医学生疑病现象调查及其心理健康状况分析

目的 调查医学生疑病现象,分析医学生心理健康状况.方法 以三年级医学生为研究对象,以MMPI的疑病人格量表、90项症状清单(SCL-90)为主要测评工具,对医学生疑病状况及其心理健康状况进行研究.结果 237份有效问卷中检出有疑病倾向者42例,检出率为17.7%.医学生SCL-90的9个因子中除敌对因子外,其余8个因子分均较我国青年组常模显著增高(P＜0.01);与我国大学生常模相比,医学生躯体化、焦虑、强迫3个因子分显著偏高(P＜0.01),而敌对因子分则显著偏低(P＜0.01).结论 部分医学生存在一定程度的心身症状,医学生中有疑病倾向者比例较高.     

东北地区农民工心理健康状况的调查与分析

目的为了解东北地区农民工的心理健康状况。方法采用SCL-90、EPQ，随机抽取东北地区四个城市470名民工进行调查，并与国内常模进行比较。结果农民工SCL-90的9个因子分均值及阳性项目数均显著高于国内常模（P〈0．001），女性民工有5个因子分均值及阳性项目数显著高于男性民工（P〈0．05）zEPQ农民工组的P、E分量表得分均显著高于常模组（P〈0．001），女性农民工N分量表得分显著高于男性（P〈0．05）。结论东北地区农民工心理健康水平低于全国正常人的平均水平，女性农民工心理健康水平低于男性。     

抗震救灾对救援官兵心理健康的影响及其干预性研究

目的探讨抗震救灾对官兵心理健康的影响及心理干预的效果。方法采用90项症状清单自评量表（SCL-90）对参加抗震救灾的258名官兵进行心理测试,采取针对性心理干预措施,干预后2周复测SCL-90。结果干预前有心理障碍者为35人（13．6％）,干预后为12人（4．7％）,二者差异有统计学意义（χ2=12．383,P〈0．01）;干预前救援官兵SCL-90大部分因子分、总分及阳性项目数显著高于军人常模（P〈0．01～0．05）;干预后除敌对外的各因子分均较干预前显著下降（P〈0．01～0．05）;干预后除忧郁、恐怖因子分略高于常模外,其他因子分均比常模低,且在躯体化、人际敏感、焦虑、偏执、精神病性和阳性项目数上具有显著性差异（P〈0．01-0．05）。影响救援官兵心理健康的主要因素是年龄,其次是职务、民族、文化程度等（均P〈0．01）。结论参加抗震救灾造成救援官兵心理健康不同程度损害,经针对性心理干预后心理健康状况明显好转。     

驻舰艇军人心理状况与人格特征的相关研究

目的:探讨驻舰艇军人心理健康状态及相关因素。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)评估海军某水面舰艇200名驻舰航行(长航)前后的心理健康状况。结果:长航前,除人际关系因子外,驻舰军人SCL-90总分及其他因子分均较男性军人常模显著低(P<0.01)。长航后SCL-90总分及各因子分均有所提高,其中总分、躯体化、焦虑、恐惧及精神病性因子分变化有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。驻舰军人EPQ各分量表得分与男性常模比较差异均无显著性(P均>0.05)。SCL-90各因子分与EPQ精神质、神经质呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与掩饰性呈显著负相关(P<0.01);而人际关系、抑郁、恐惧因子分与内外向呈负相关(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:驻舰军人心理健康水平较好。人格特征与应激状态下心理健康水平关系密切。     

男性服刑人员的心理状况与人格特征的相关性

目的 探讨济南市监狱男性服刑人员的心理状况及相关影响因素.方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和艾森克人格问卷（EPQ）对550名监狱男性服刑犯进行调查.结果 研究组SCL-90总分及各因子分均高于全国常模（P＜0.01）;EPQ的精神质、内外向、神经质分量表评分均高于全国常模（P＜0.01）;掩饰性分量表评分低于全国常模（P＜0.01）.研究组SCL-90总分及所有因子分与EPQ分量表精神质（P）维度、神经质（N）维度呈正相关（P＜0.01）;SCL-90总分及除敌对及偏执因子外所有因子分与内外向（E）维度呈负相关（P＜0.05）;SCL-90总分及除躯体化因子外所有因子分与掩饰性（L）维度呈负相关（P＜0.05）.多元线性回归显示婚姻状况、犯罪类型和EPQ的神经质（N）、内外向（E）、精神质（P）进入SCL-90阳性症状的回归方程.结论 服刑人员存在较多的心理健康问题,在人格特征上存在高精神质、高神经质、高外倾性和低掩饰性的特点,其影响因素较多.     

Leukodiapedesis and leukocyte migration in the leptomeninges and in the subarachnoid space

Summary Pleocytosis in cerebrospinal fluid and infiltration of the leptomeningeal tissue have been studied after injection of ferritin into the subarachnoid space (SAS) of cats.The most important source of granulocytes in the leptomeninges are the relatively large veins of the pia mater, which have very thin walls. Passing between the lining cells of the pia mater the granulocytes leave the connective tissue space of the pia mater and reach the SAS. Leukodiapedesis has also been observed in veins crossing the SAS. During this process, gaps between the lining cells of the perivascular leptomeningeal sheath may develop. There are two possible ways for the granulocytes to pass from the vascular pia mater to the avascular arachnoidea: either they migrate actively on the surface of the leptomeningeal trabeculae or they reach the arachnoidea passively by the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid. Leukodiapedesis in the vessels of the dura mater occurs relatively seldom and would not be able to cause the occasionally massive infiltration of the arachnoidea.

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Zusammenfassung Nach subarachnoidaler Ferritin-Injektion wurde an Katzen die Entstehung der Liquorpleozytose und die Infiltration des leptomeningealen Gewebes beobachtet.Die weitlumigen, dünnwandigen venösen Gefäße der Pia mater stellen die wichtigsten Quellen der Granulozyten im leptomeningealen Bereich dar. Die Granulozyten verlassen den pialen Bindegewebsraum, indem sie zwischen den Lining-cells der Pia mater hindurch in den Subarachnoidalraum gelangen. Venen, die den Subarachnoidalraum durchqueren, weisen ebenfalls Leukodiapedesevorgänge auf. Zwischen den Lining-cells der perivasculären Scheide treten dabei offenbar Lücken auf. Den Granulozyten stehen zwei Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung, um die gefäßlose Arachnoidea von der vaskularisierten Pia mater aus zu erreichen: Entweder wandern sie aktiv über das leptomeningeale. Balkenwerk oder sie gelangen passiv mit der Liquorzirkulation dorthin. Hinweise auf Leukozytenaustritte aus den Duragefäßen sind vergleichsweise selten und würden die mitunter hochgradige Infiltration der Arachnoidea wohl nicht bewirken können.

     

Diurnal variation in the concentrations of catecholamines and indoleamines in the median eminence and in the intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland of the male rat

Diurnal changes in monoamine concentrations were studied in the median eminence and in the intermediate and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland of the male rat. The concentrations of serotonin (5-HT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) were analyzed at 7 time points over a 24-h period. Diurnal variation was analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time of day as a class variable as well as by 24 h and 12 h cosine curve fittings. There were marked time-dependent changes in the median eminence concentrations of 5-HT (ANOVA: P = 0.0085), 5-HIAA (P = 0.003) and NA (P = 0.0003). Cosine curves with 24-h periods fit the data points with peaks around 13.00 h. DA levels also varied with an apparent 24-h rhythm in the median eminence, but the changes did not reach the level of significance in the ANOVA. In the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland, the concentrations of DA varied significantly during the course of the 24-h cycle (P = 0.0011) and were well-fitted to a 24-h cosine wave. The 5-HIAA levels also showed marked diurnal changes (P = 0.025) with an evident 12-h rhythm. In contrast, NA and 5-HT concentrations did not appear to vary during the 24-h cycle. In the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. DA had a 24-h rhythm (P = 0.0005) similar to the intermediate lobe. NA and indoleamine levels did not show any significant variation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Fighting in the aged male mouse increases the expression of TrkA and TrkB in the subventricular zone and in the hippocampus

In the present study, we investigate the effect of aggressive behavior and release of nerve growth factor (NGF) on brain progenitor cells. We found that the condition of subordination enhances the level of NGF in the subventricular zone and hippocampus whereas dominance elevates brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). It was also found that mRNA-TrkA is over-expressed in the subventricular zone and hippocampus of dominant and subordinate mice, whereas mRNA-TrkB is increased in the subventricular zone of both dominants and subordinates and in the hippocampus of dominant mice. Fighting was also associated with increased presence of proliferating cells in the hippocampus stained with the nuclear marker bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Moreover, the brain of subordinate mice displayed tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the wall of the periventricular region of the third ventricles and a marked neuropeptide Y (NPY) presence in the hippocampus co-expressed with BrdU. These results provide additional evidence that agonistic behavior in the aged mouse alters neurotrophin levels and increases brain progenitor cells number. The functional significance of these findings is discussed.     

Alzheimer's disease in the old and the young

This study concerns differences between Alzheimer's disease in the old and the young. Literature differentiating Alzheimer's disease from ‘senile dementia’ is reviewed. Two groups of mental hospital patients with Alzheimer brain changes at autopsy are compared. They comprised the 17 oldest and 17 youngest of the 56 ptients with definite Alzheimer changes in a series of 212 consecutive autopsies. The younger group had been first hospitalized at later ages than the older group, and were more likely to have been demented at admission. The older group had mostly been diagnosed as schizophrenic (mainly paranoid) on admission. Neuropathologically the younger group showed more severe Alzheimer changes of all kinds. The changes in the older group tended to be limited to the hippocampus, whereas in the younger group they showed extension into the frontal and occipital cortex and were also found in subcortical gray matter. Lipofuscin was more abundant in the older group, so that a discrepancy between very severe Alzheimer changes and less abundant lipofuscin characterizes the younger cases.     

Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity and neurotensin receptors in the rat hypothalamus and in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland

In the rat hypothalamus, cell bodies containing neurotensin-like immunoreactivity were mainly found in the medial preoptic area, the periventricular nucleus, the paraventricular nucleus, the supraoptic nucleus and the arcuate nucleus. [3H]neurotensin binding sites were observed throughout the hypothalamus with a dense accumulation of silver grains over the paraventricular nucleus, the arcuate nucleus and the median eminence region. By radioimmunoassay neurotensin-like immunoreactivity was also found in the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland of various mammalian species and in human postmortem posterior pituitary glands. In the rat studies involving pituitary stalk transections and the neurotoxin monosodium glutamate indicated the presence of a neurotensinergic pathway from the arcuate nucleus to the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland. [3H]neurotensin binding sites were found to be concentrated over the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland and their presence was not affected by pituitary stalk transection, indicating their localization on endocrine cells of the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland.