农村未遂自杀者的再自杀意念及相关因素研究

目的探讨农村未遂自杀者再自杀意念的发生率及其相关因素。方法以乡镇卫生院近2年的抢救记录为调查线索,共完成74例自杀未遂者的调查,对其再自杀意念进行评定,并用SDS和FES对其抑郁症状和家庭环境进行评估,收集其一般资料。结果74例自杀未遂者中有48例(64.86%)有不同程度的再自杀意念,48例有再自杀意念者的SDS得分(42.42±7.64)明显高于26例无再自杀意念者(33.58±9.52)(t=4.35,P<0.001),有再自杀意念组的家庭亲密度、成功性、文化性、娱乐性和组织性均较无再自杀意念组差,家庭矛盾性较对照组突出。多元逐步回归分析显示,影响自杀未遂者再自杀意念的主要危险因素为:家庭成功性、SDS总分和家庭矛盾性。结论64.86%的自杀未遂者在其后的一段时期内仍存在不同程度的再自杀意念,而且再自杀意念主要与患者的家庭环境和患者的抑郁症状有关。     

综合医院自杀未遂者精神障碍和自杀意念强度特征

目的探讨自杀未遂者精神障碍和自杀意念强度特征,为自杀未遂的心理危机干预策略提供参考。方法在沈阳市4所三级综合医院急诊室同一时段内收集到资料完整的239例自杀未遂者,以贝克自杀意念量表(BSS)评估自杀意念及其强度,以汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定自杀前1周的抑郁程度。精神障碍诊断标准按照美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-Ⅳ)。结果①自杀未遂者总的精神障碍发生率为69.46%(166/239),前3位依次为:心境障碍47.70%(114/239),焦虑障碍38.91%(93/239),精神病性障碍8.37%(20/239);②有自杀意念的自杀未遂组总的精神障碍发生率为84.34%(140/166),其中心境障碍和焦虑障碍的发生率分别为61.45%(102/166)和48.19%(80/166),均明显高于从无自杀意念组(P0.01);HAMD总分以及其中焦虑/躯体化、体重减轻、认知障碍、日夜变化、迟缓、睡眠障碍、绝望感等因子中的项目得分明显高于从无自杀意念组(P0.01);③在有自杀意念的自杀未遂患者中,有精神障碍组BSS中13个条目的自杀意念强度较无精神障碍组高(经秩和检验,P0.05)。结论自杀未遂者中以精神障碍患者居多,且有自杀意念并伴精神障碍的自杀未遂者其自杀意念严重程度更重。     

精神科医生对伴有自杀意念和自杀未遂抑郁症患者的诊疗现况调查

目的 基于精神科医生视角，调查我国伴有自杀意念和自杀未遂的抑郁症患者的疾病特征、治疗现状以及目前临床诊疗中未被满足的需求。方法 本研究为横断面研究。采用便利抽样法，于2020年12月至2021年1月选取在我国24个省/直辖市的三甲综合医院或精神专科医院精神科工作的医生为研究对象。基于文献回顾和临床实践设计电子调查问卷，由专家顾问委员会审核完成问卷设计，采用该问卷收集医生的基本信息、接诊抑郁症患者的构成、接诊的伴自杀意念和自杀未遂抑郁症患者的临床特征、对伴自杀意念和自杀未遂患者的临床诊疗现况、医生与患者的临床需求和期望。本研究发放问卷317份，回收有效问卷209份，有效问卷回收率为65.9%。结果 分别有29.2%(61/209)和10.0%(21/209)的医生认为其接诊的抑郁症患者中，>50%有自杀意念和自杀未遂；而认为住院抑郁症患者>50%有自杀意念和自杀未遂的医生分别占58.4%(122/209)和16.3%(34/209)。46.9%(98/209)的医生认为有自杀意念的抑郁症患者会发展出现自杀未遂的比例在10%～30%。医生认为自杀未遂常见的风险因素包括既往自杀史...     

中国北方城乡两地居民自杀意念、自杀未遂的调查

目的:了解中国北方城乡两地居民自杀意念、自杀未遂的发生率,以及性别之间、城乡之间的差异。方法:采用分层抽样的方法随机抽取北京市区10个居委会和河北武安农村10个村、年龄≥18岁人群共1 000人(城市和农村各500人),实际调查1 007人(城市503人,农村504人);采用自制"公众对自杀的态度问卷"对被试逐项进行调查。结果:被调查的1 007人中,有36人近1年出现过自杀意念,在性别、城乡之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.07,χ2=0.11;P均0.05);92人曾经有过自杀意念,在性别之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.11,P0.05),但农村显著多于城市(χ2=7.88,P0.05);有6人近1年出现过自杀未遂,18人曾经有过自杀未遂,在性别(χ2=0.72,χ2=0.27)、城乡之间(χ2=0.00,χ2=2.20)差异无统计学意义(P均0.05)。1 007人中有49人的亲属在过去任何时候有过自杀意念,城市显著多于农村(χ2=6.24,P0.05);20人的亲属有过自杀未遂,25人的亲属自杀死亡,城乡之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.82,χ2=0.38;P均0.05)。结论:中国北方城乡两地居民自杀意念、自杀未遂的发生率均相对较高,制定相应的自杀预防计划是亟待解决的问题。     

精神分裂症和自杀

自杀是精神疾病的主要死亡原因,患有精神疾病(除了痴呆)以后自杀的危险性将增加5-15倍,70-95%的自杀者可以被诊断为某种形式的精神疾病。识别不同精神疾病自杀的相关危险因素并采取相应的措施是自杀预防最重要的工作,本文针对国内外目前在精神分裂症自杀研究中最新的研究成果作一综述。1精神分裂症的自杀率自杀是重要的社会问题,同时也是公共卫生的重大课题,具有关资料显示,美国每年用于治疗精神分裂症自杀未     

深圳市中学生自杀倾向危险因素分析

目的探讨深圳市中学生自杀倾向发生率及其相关危险因素。方法采用分层整群抽样法,以中学生情绪及相关问题调查表、贝克抑郁量表和自杀行为问卷一修订版为工具对4177名中学生进行调查,结果进行多元逐步回归分析。结果自杀意念终生发生率、自杀计划发生率和自杀未遂终生发生率分别为42．40％、7．92％和1．46％。多元逐步回归分析显示：与自杀意念相关的因素为抑郁情绪、抑郁家族史、父母婚姻关系差、自杀家族史、独生子女、高年级学生和家庭经济状况差;与自杀计划相关的因素为抑郁情绪、母亲文化程度高、自杀家族史、家庭经济状况差和学习成绩差等因素;与自杀未遂相关的因素为抑郁情绪和父母婚姻关系差。结论深圳市中学生自杀倾向发生率高,抑郁情绪、父母婚姻关系差、有抑郁家族史、有自杀家族史和家庭经济状况差是发生自杀倾向的主要危险因素,应引起社会与家庭的高度重视,积极采取相应措施加以干预,尽量减少自杀发生。     

有精神疾病家族史抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素

目的探讨有精神疾病家族史抑郁症患者自杀未遂的危险因素,为临床干预提供依据。方法采用自制调查表对1146例抑郁症患者进行调查,纳入其中有精神疾病家族史的患者150例,根据是否有自杀未遂行为,分为自杀未遂组和对照组,分析有精神疾病家族史的抑郁症患者在性别、年龄等社会人口学资料及既往抑郁发作次数、起病年龄等临床特征方面可能与自杀未遂相关的因素。结果有精神疾病家族史抑郁症患者自杀未遂发生率为24.0%(36/150),无精神病家族史患者自杀未遂发生率为7.1%(71/996),前者自杀未遂发生率更高(P0.01)。150例有精神疾病家族史抑郁症患者中,相较于无自杀未遂组,自杀未遂组患者既往因精神疾病住院次数较多(P0.01),自杀意念及合并有严重或慢性躯体疾病的比例更高(P0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,既往因精神疾病住院次数(OR=3.714,95%CI:1.426～9.673,P=0.007)、自杀意念(OR=8.347,95%CI:2.339～29.790,P=0.001)与有精神病家族史抑郁症患者的自杀未遂相关联。结论有精神疾病家族史抑郁症患者自杀未遂风险较高。既往因精神疾病住院次数多、自杀意念等可能是有精神疾病家族史抑郁症患者自杀未遂的主要危险因素。     

住院精神疾病患者自杀调查

对我院建院以来自杀身亡的病例进行调查分析1　一般资料1975～ 2 0 0 1年期间 ,我院共收治精神疾病患者 2 2 917例次 ,自杀身亡者 15例。其中男 9例 ,女 6例。年龄 2 2～ 49岁 ,平均 31 7岁 ,其中 2 2～ 39岁 12例。文盲 1例 ,小学 3例 ,中学 10例 ,大学 1例。已婚 6例 ,未婚 9例。2　临床分析诊断为精神分裂症 12例 ,精神分裂症后抑郁 1例 ,抑郁症 2例。伴有躯体疾病 2例。均无精神疾病家族史。住院前有轻生意念或自杀行为者 4例。自杀由精神病性症状 (幻觉、妄想 )所致 9例 ,由抑郁、自责所致 4例 ,由生活事件、心理负担所致 2例。自杀方…     

精神分裂症自杀与意外死亡病例现状研究

目的　了解国内精神分裂症自杀死亡的现状及其特征。方法　用意外死亡问卷对中国疾病预防控制中心 (CDC)所属2 3个疾病监测点抽取 90 1例自杀和 73 5例意外死亡案例用“心理解剖”的方法对知情者进行调查 ,按美国精神疾病诊断标准和统计手册第四版 (DSM Ⅳ )诊断标准做出诊断。结果　 75例自杀和 2 4例意外死亡确诊为精神分裂症 ;在自杀死亡者中患精神分裂症的比例显著高于意外死亡者中患精神分裂症的比例 ;自杀精神分裂症的病程明显短 ,抑郁程度高 ,慢性负性生活事件带来的心理压力大。结论　自杀与意外死亡的精神分裂症患者的特征有明显的差异。加强对精神分裂症患者抑郁症状的治疗 ,及时缓解和治疗负性生活事件对病人造成的心理压力 ,建立完善的社会、家庭支持系统 ,是减少精神分裂症自杀死亡的重要措施。     

情感性精神障碍患者出院后自杀危险因素探讨

目的 探讨情感性精神障碍患者自杀的危险因素及家庭安全护理要点.方法 对符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准第3版修订本中情感性精神障碍诊断标准出院的144例患者,进行为期2～6年的护理随访,对自杀危险因素的单因素和非条件Logistic回归分析.结果 36例(25%)患者发生过自杀,其中自杀未遂30例(20.83%),自杀死亡6例(4.17%).自杀危险因素:为双方相混合或快速循环型频繁发生和自杀未遂史,保护因数为多次住院.结论 有潜在自杀危险因素的情感性精神障碍患者应加强自杀的防范,家庭安全护理非常重要,住院治疗为有效的保护因素.     

Family history of suicide among suicide victims

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to compare the rates of suicide in family members of suicide victims and comparison subjects who died of other causes. METHOD: The Swedish cause of death register identified all suicides in subjects born between 1949 and 1969 (N=8,396). The comparison group comprised persons of the same age who died of other causes (N=7,568). First-degree relatives of the suicide victims (N=33,173) and comparison subjects (N=28,945) were identified. RESULTS: Among families of the suicide victims there were 287 suicides, representing 9.4% of all deaths in family members. Among comparison families there were 120 suicides, 4.6% of all deaths. The difference was significant. Previous psychiatric care and suicide in a family member predicted suicide in the logistic regression model. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of suicide was twice as high in families of suicide victims as in comparison families. A family history of suicide predicted suicide independent of severe mental disorder.     

The suicide assessment scale: an instrument assessing suicide risk of suicide attempters.

The Suicide Assessment Scale (SUAS), a scale constructed to measure suicidality over time, was administered to 191 suicide attempters. Its predictive validity was tested. SUAS ratings were compared to ratings from other scales, and related to age and psychiatric diagnoses including co-morbidity. Eight patients committed suicide within 12 months after the SUAS assessment. Apart from advanced age, high scores in the SUAS were significant predictors of suicide. From a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we identified cutoff SUAS scores which alone and in combination with certain diagnostic and demographic factors are of apparent value in the clinical evaluation of suicide risk after a suicide attempt.     

Survival analysis of suicide risk after attempted suicide

Survival analysis of suicide risk by sex and age after attempted suicide was studied in a cohort of 1573 suicide attempters referred to the psychiatric emergency room at the Karolinska Hospital from 1981 to 1988. The time course of suicide risk and the overall prognosis after attempted suicide and, in particular, the possible usefulness of sex and age as risk factors for the prediction of suicide risk after attempted suicide was analyzed. Nearly two thirds of the sample were women and most of the suicide attempters were young (in their twenties and thirties), and the median age was 35 years. The overall mortality after a 5-year mean observation period after attempted suicide was 11%, and the suicide mortality was 6 %. The suicide risk after attempted suicide among men (8.3%) was nearly twice the female suicide risk (4.3%). Age as a possible suicide risk factor was analyzed for each sex separately by median split subgrouping. It was concluded that both older and younger male suicide attempters are at high risk of suicide (7% and 10% respectively), and older women are at higher risk than younger (6%, vs 2%). The suicide risk is particularly high during the first year after the suicide attempt. The high suicide risk group of young adult male suicide attempters is one of the main feasible targets of psychiatric intervention research programs on suicidal behavior. Suicide among young men is a major cause of years of life lost.     

DST non-suppression predicts suicide after attempted suicide

Most prospective studies of HPA axis have found that non-suppressors in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) are more likely to commit suicide during the follow-up. Attempted suicide is a strong clinical predictor of suicide. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of DST for suicide in a group of depressed inpatients with and without an index suicide attempt. Historical cohort of 382 psychiatric inpatients with mood disorder admitted to the department of Psychiatry at the Karolinska University Hospital between 1980 and 2000 were submitted to the DST and followed up for causes of death. During the follow-up (mean 18 years), 36 suicides (9.4%) occurred, 20 of these were non-suppressors and 16 were suppressors. There was no statistically significant difference in suicide risk between the suppressors and non-suppressors for the sample as a whole. An index suicide attempt predicted suicide. In suicide attempters with mood disorder, the non-suppressor status was significantly associated with suicide indicating that HPA axis hyperactivity is a risk factor for suicide in this group. The dexamethasone suppression test may be a useful predictor within this population.     

Ulcer, attempted suicide and suicide.

Attempted suicide and suicide have been investigated among 2,619 patients suffering from duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer and ulcer dyspepsia without ulcer demonstrable by x-ray. There was no difference in the percentage of attempted suicides and suicides among the three ulcer groups or between the sexes. Within well-defined periods, there was a statistically significant greater excess of attempted suicides among patients operated on than among unoperated patients. The distribution according to psychiatric diagnosis was very similar to the one observed among persons in general in Copenhagen attempting suicide. The number of patients committing suicide exceeded the expected number significantly, for men as well as for women, but there was no difference between patients operated on and unoperated patients. The psychiatric diagnoses of those committing suicide were predominantly neuroses and psychopathy.