脊柱后侧韧带群损伤的MRI诊断

目的探讨急性期胸腰椎外伤病人脊柱后侧韧带群(PLC)损伤的MRI表现及其临床意义.方法回顾分析60例急性期胸腰椎外伤病人MRI,观察PLC损伤与各型脊柱骨折的关系及其MRI表现.结果PLC损伤共20例(33%).屈曲压缩型骨折、爆裂型骨折及脱位型骨折PLC损伤的发生率分别为21%、38%及70%.MRI表现为正常低信号韧带中断,局部呈斑片状短T1、长T2或中等T1、长T2信号.PLC损伤以棘上韧带最好发(19例),其次为棘间韧带(18例)、黄韧带(7例)及椎小关节囊(4例).18例病人为两种或两种以上韧带同时损伤.结论MRI可以明确脊柱外伤时有无PLC损伤以及明确PLC损伤的范围和程度.     

膝关节韧带损伤与胫骨平台骨折Schatzker及AO分型的相关性分析

目的分析膝关节韧带损伤与胫骨平台骨折Schatzker分型及AO分型的相关性。方法选取2018年1月至2019年6月厦门大学附属福州第二医院骨科收治的28例胫骨平台骨折合并膝关节韧带损伤患者作为研究对象,根据Schatzker分型及AO分型系统对胫骨平台骨折进行分型,同时判定前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)、后交叉韧带(posterior cruciate ligament,PCL)、内侧副韧带(medial collateral ligament,MCL)及后外侧角(posterior lateral corner,PLC)的损伤情况,并采用Spearman相关系数分析膝关节韧带损伤与胫骨平台骨折Schatzker分型及AO分型的相关性。结果Schatzker分型与AO分型(仅以关节外、部分关节内和完全关节内3种类型计算)对应分析结果显示,两者具有显著相关性(P=0.000)。Schatzker分型及AO分型与韧带损伤类型Spearman相关分析结果显示,Schatzker分型及AO分型与ACL、MCL及PLC损伤均呈显著相关性(r=-0.465、-0.639、0.756,P=0.013、0.000、0.000;r=-0.588、-0.420、0.532,P=0.001、0.026、0.004),但若AO分型以关节外、部分关节内和完全关节内3种类型计算,则仅与ACL损伤呈显著相关性(r=-0.465,P=0.013)。结论膝关节损伤时膝关节相关韧带之间有一定协同作用,故胫骨平台骨折多合并膝关节韧带损伤,且随着Schatzker分型与AO分型等级的增高,ACL、MCL及PLC损伤的可能性均增大。     

胫骨平台骨折及膝关节附属结构损伤的MRI诊断

目的评价胫骨平台骨折合并膝关节附属结构损伤的MRI表现.资料与方法 27例胫骨平台骨折病例经X线平片检查后作MRI扫描,分析不同类型胫骨平台骨折所合并的膝关节附属结构损伤的MRI形态学表现.结果 MRI能准确显示骨折所合并的膝关节附属结构的损伤性病变,包括关节软骨断裂、半月板撕裂和移位、侧副韧带和肌腱的撕裂、关节腔脂肪血性积液等,其中双髁骨折引起的损伤最为严重,撕脱骨折引起的损伤较轻.结论 MRI能准确诊断胫骨平台骨折合并的膝关节附属结构损伤,应作为膝关节外伤的常规检查手段.     

膝关节损伤的MRI诊断

目的 探讨膝关节损伤的 MRI表现及临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析40例经手术或关节镜证实的膝关节损伤患者术前MRI表现.结果 半月板损伤28例,内侧11例,外侧17例,其中撕裂11例;韧带损伤28例,撕裂9例,损伤以前交叉韧带(15例)和内侧副韧带(12例)为主;骨挫伤20例;隐匿性骨折5例.同时发生半月板、韧带和骨损伤3类中两者及以上的复合性损伤32例(80%).关节积液及周围软组织损伤为伴随表现.结论 MRI能准确地显示膝关节损伤的各种表现,是膝关节损伤后非创伤性检查的首选,对临床有重要指导意义.     

后十字韧带损伤的MRI表现

MRI已经广泛用于评价前十字韧带(ACL)损伤,但较少用于后十字韧带(PCL)损伤的评价。作者回顾性地分析了1950例膝关节损伤患者的MRI检查。47例(2.4％)MRI示PCL完全或部分撕裂,其征象为:T_1和T_2加权象上完全撕裂者在撕裂区为不规则的高信号强度区,或可见损伤处PCL纤维断裂,部分PCL撕裂者损伤处信号强度异常或可见部分PCL纤维完整、部分撕裂。47例中21例PCL完全撕裂,22例部分或内部损伤,4例PCL完整但胫骨附着处有撕脱骨折。32例PCL     

交叉韧带撕裂合并膝关节后外侧韧带复合体损伤的磁共振评价

目的:探讨急性膝关节外伤者交叉韧带(ACL、PCL)及后外侧韧带复合体(PLC)功能结构损伤情况及关联性。方法:回顾性分析本院2020年6月至2021年6月间因急性外伤行膝关节MRI检查者175例,结合韧带撕裂MRI征象或临床手术结果,评估ACL、PCL及PLC区功能性结构：外侧副韧带(LCL)、腘肌腱(PT)、腘腓韧带(PFL)损伤情况,并统计分析ACL、PCL与LCL、PT、PFL损伤/撕裂率之间的差异性,以及LCL、PT、PFL结构损伤的内部差异性。结果:参照影像及临床结果,175例伤者中,72例检出交叉韧带撕裂,占比约41%,其中,ACL撕裂58例,PCL撕裂16例,ACL、PCL复合撕裂2例。PLC结构损伤29例,占比约17%,其中LCL撕裂16例,PT撕裂18例,PFL损伤0例,5例为LCL、PT同时损伤。交叉韧带撕裂合并PLC结构撕裂共26例。其中,14例为ACL伴LCL撕裂,12例为ACL伴PT撕裂,4例为ACL同时伴LCL、PT撕裂;4例为PCL伴PT撕裂,PCL伴LCL撕裂0例。统计检验表明,ACL与LCL、ACL与PT、LCL与PT损伤间均存在显著差异(P<...     

肩锁关节韧带损伤的磁共振成像评价

目的：探讨肩锁关节韧带（ACJL）损伤的磁共振成像（MRI）影像表现和诊断价值。方法收集自2009年4月至2013年8月间共52例经手术及临床治疗证实的肩锁关节韧带损伤患者的MRI检查,对ACJ韧带损伤的核磁共振表现进行观察分析并按Tossy标准进行分级。结果52例ACJL损伤中Ⅰ级损伤19例,表现为肩锁韧带部分撕裂。Ⅱ级损伤19例,表现为肩锁韧带完全撕裂,伴有喙锁韧带的扭伤或部分撕裂。Ⅰ至Ⅱ级5例。Ⅲ级损伤9例,表现为肩锁韧带和喙锁韧带完全撕裂。ACJL损伤的间接征象主要有肩锁关节间隙增宽、关节囊积液、邻近骨折及骨与周围软组织挫伤等。结论 MRI对ACJL损伤的显示率高,并能进行准确分级,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

膝关节半月板后根部撕裂的MRI评价

目的 探讨MRI对膝关节半月板后根部撕裂的价值.方法 回顾分析经关节镜证实的30例半月板后根部撕裂患者(17例累及内侧半月板,13例累及外侧半月板)的MRI表现,分析MRI对半月板后根部撕裂的诊断敏感度,MRI对内侧、外侧半月板后根部撕裂的检出比例比较采用Fisher确切概率法检验.结果 30例半月板后根部撕裂患者中,MRI正确诊断26例(包括17例内侧半月板后根部撕裂和9例外侧半月板后根部撕裂),诊断敏感度为86.7%(26/30).半月板后根部撕裂的MRI表现主要为后根部形态失常,代之以异常高信号影.MRI对内侧半月板后根部撕裂的检出比例(17/17)明显高于外侧(9/13)(P=0.026).内侧半月板后根部撕裂合并半月板脱位的发生比例(15/17)明显高于外侧(6/13)(P=0.020),但并发前交叉韧带损伤的发生比例(5/17)则明显低于外侧(11/13)(P=0.004).结论 MRI是诊断半月板后根部撕裂及伴发损伤的较好方法.     

膝关节后交叉韧带撕裂的MRI表现及诊断价值

目的 探讨膝关节后交叉韧带(PCL)撕裂的MRI表现及其诊断价值.资料与方法 回顾性分析31例经临床证实PCL撕裂患者的MRl资料.31例均行常规MRI矢状位T1WI、T2WI、脂肪抑制FSE双回波矢状位和冠状位扫描.结果 PCL完全撕裂18例,部分性撕裂13例,其中实质部撕裂20例,近端撕裂7例,远端撕裂4例,完全撕裂中,实质部撕裂13例,近端撕裂3例,远端撕裂2例,部分性撕裂中,实质部撕裂7例,近端撕裂4例,远端撕裂2例.PCL撕裂的MRI直接征象表现为PCL消失、不连续、PCL肿大增粗或不规则变细、韧带信号异常;PCL撕裂的MRI间接征象及其伴随损伤包括内侧副韧带(MCL)损伤、骨挫伤、交叉韧带三角间隙积液、半月板损伤及软骨损伤等.MRI诊断PCL完全撕裂的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为88.9%、100%、100%、86.7%和93.5%,MRI诊断PCL部分性撕裂的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和准确性分别为76.9%、88.9%、83.3%、84.2%和83.9%.结论 MRI能较好地显示PCL撕裂的直接征象、间接征象及其伴随损伤,具有较高的临床应用价值.     

MRI在肩锁关节损伤中的临床应用价值

目的:探讨肩锁关节(ACJ)损伤的MRI影像表现和诊断价值。方法:收集自2008年6月～2009年12月间共38例经手术及临床治疗证实的肩锁关节外伤患者的MRI检查,对ACJ损伤的核磁共振表现进行观察分析并按Tossy分类进行分级。结果:38例ACJ损伤中Ⅰ级损伤7例,表现为肩锁韧带部分撕裂。Ⅱ级损伤9例,表现为肩锁韧带完全撕裂,伴有喙锁韧带的扭伤或部分撕裂。Ⅲ级损伤19例,表现为肩锁韧带和喙锁韧带完全撕裂。慢性损伤3例,表现为肩锁韧带或喙锁韧带增厚和信号减低。ACJ损伤的伴随征象主要有关节囊积液、关节盘撕裂和骨挫伤等。结论:MRI对ACJ损伤的显示率高,并能进行准确分级,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Treatment of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be one of the most common malignancies with an incidence of approximately one million cases per year and a dismal prognosis; some authors have reported a median survival of 1 ～ 2 months after diagnosis. Although surgery remains the only hope for cure, few patients are candidates[1,2].     

U50,488H对正常及缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用

目的 探讨心脏阿片受体和β-受体相互作用的机制。方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术，观察U50，488H(β-阿片受体选择性激动剂)对正常和缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用。结果 U50，488H剂量依赖性(0．1～100μmol／L)抑制正常心肌细胞的L型钙电流及异丙肾上腺素(0．1μmol／L)激动的钙电流，而细胞缺氧后，这一抑制作用减弱；U50，488H对Forskolin(10μmol／L)激动的L型钙电流无明显影响。结论 β-阿片受体对β-受体信号的负性调节作用在细胞缺氧后减弱，其作用位点可能发生于β-受体与腺苷酸环化酶环节之间。     

Overtraining syndrome : la piste de la suractivité ?

Introduction

Overtraining is clearly a multifactorial disturbance. We aimed at evaluating the relative importance of overactivity and nutritional imbalances.

Methods

A comparison of 17 footballers with seven subjects with a diagnosis of overtraining evidenced that the two groups differ by energy expenditure resulting from physical activity (1573 ± 378.6 kcal/d from 804.7 ± 184.7 kcal/d) while food intake does not exhibit significant differences.

Conclusion

In this sample of subjects, inadequate food intake is found in both groups, so that overtraining appears rather characterized by a higher level of physical activity. Therefore, a relative energy deficit resulting from overactivity rather than dietary mistakes appears to explain the syndrome in these athletes, who are thus truly “overtrained”.     

Prenatal detection of brain anomalies with ultrasonography

Ultrasound is the first-line imaging study of the fetal brain performed at 12, 22 and 32 weeks of gestation. The very structured evaluation of biometric and morphological data, facilitated by the use of a checklist, ensures a high quality examination. All patients where an anomaly of any key element is suspected should be referred to a center dedicated to prenatal diagnosis for confirmation irrespective of the gestational age. Prenatal diagnosis plays a significant role in France since medical interruption of pregnancy until term is authorized.     

Sexual homicide: Brief review of the literature and case report involving rape,genital mutilation and human arson

The objective of the current paper is to report a new case of sexual murder involving human arson and summarize the literature on the phenomenon of sexual homicide. The present case study is unprecedented in Greece and a rarity in international literature due to the fact that the victim suffered genital mutilation and incineration while still alive. The evaluation consisted of 176 articles; 53 were reviewed by the authors. The results revealed sparse, but significant, research findings. The authors discuss the limitations regarding research, incidence of the phenomenon, crime-scene patterns, offender characteristics (killing methods, motive inferences, sociodemographic data, classifications, psychopathology, modus operandi), and victim selection. The incidence of the phenomenon is unclear (1–4%) due to non-standardized criteria. It is an expression of displaced anger or sexual sadism and/or a way to elude detection (ancillary benefit). Most offenders (in their first kill) and victims were in their late 20s to early 30s and belong to Caucasian populations. Personal weapons were commonly used against women, strangulation is the prevalent killing method against children, and firearms against men. Most of the sexual homicide perpetrators are non-psychotic at the time of the attack, but experience personality pathology, primitive defenses, pathological object relations, and withdrawal into fantasy in order to deal with social isolation.