严重多发伤患者外周血CD4+CD25high调节性T细胞的变化及意义

目的 观察严重多发伤患者外周血CD4+CD25high调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)的变化及意义.方法 40例严重多发伤患者于伤后1,3,5,8 d流式细胞仪检测各组患者外周血CD4+CD25high调节性T细胞的比率的变化,ELASA法检测血清中IL-10、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)浓度,并与健康组进行对比.结果 CD4+细胞在伤后1～8 d均明显低于健康组(P＜0.01),CD8+细胞在伤后5～8 d明显高于健康组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).严重多发伤患者伤后5 d外周血中CD4+CD25highTreg细胞比率开始升高,与伤后1,3 d比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);伤后8 d仍持续升高,与伤后5 d比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).患者外周血IFN-γ浓度持续下降,而患者外周血IL-10浓度则持续上升.结论 Treg细胞比率在严重多发性创伤后明显升高,更重要的是,其在减少Th1类细胞因子分泌及抑制创伤免疫等方面发挥了重要的作用.     

非小细胞肺癌患者外周血CD4+CD25+T细胞和 TGF-β1的相关性分析

目的:探讨非小细胞肺癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+T细胞和TGF-β1(血清转化生长因子β1)的相关性及意义.方法:分别采用流式细胞技术和ELISA法检测40例非小细胞肺癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+T细胞数量及TGF-β1的表达水平.结果:非小细胞肺癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+T细胞和TGF-β1的表达水平明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).肺癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+T细胞与TGF-β1的表达成正相关.结论:非小细胞肺癌患者外周血中CD4+CD25+T细胞数量的增多可能诱导TGF-β1表达水平的增高.     

血清CD4+/CD8+、PCT及KL-6水平与局部晚期NSCLC放疗后放射性肺炎严重程度的相关性研究

目的 研究血清分化决定族抗原4+/分化决定族抗原8+（CD4+/CD8+）、降钙素原（PCT）及涎液化糖链抗原（KL-6）水平与局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）放疗后重症放射性肺炎相关性。方法 选取2019年5月至2021年3月海安市人民医院收治的103例局部晚期NSCLC患者,根据放疗后放射性肺炎评估结果分组：未发生放射性肺炎作为对照组,共54例;发生放射性肺炎且分级在1~2级作为轻症组,共31例;分级≥3级患者作为重症组,共18例。分别于放疗前后检测3组血清CD4+/CD8+、PCT及KL-6水平,采用Logistic回归模型分析重症放射性肺炎影响因素。结果 单因素分析发现,三组放疗前KPS评分、FEV1/FVC、照射剂量＜60Gy比例、放疗后CD4+/CD8+、放疗后PCT、放疗后KL-6比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。其中重症组放疗前KPS评分、FEV1/FVC、照射剂量＜60Gy比例及放疗后CD4+/CD8+低于对照组与轻症组,且轻症组放疗前KPS评分、FEV1/FVC、照射剂量＜60Gy比例及放疗后CD4+/CD8+低于对照组。而重症组放疗后PCT、放疗后KL-6高于对照组与轻症组,且轻症组放疗后PCT,放疗后KL-6高于对照组（P＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,放疗后血清CD4+/CD8+下降、PCT、KL-6水平升高、照射剂量≥60Gy为重症放射性肺炎的独立危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论 放疗结束后局部晚期NSCLC患者血清CD4+/CD8+下降,PCT、KL-6水平上升,照射剂量≥60Gy对预测重症放射性肺炎发生具有重要价值。     

多发性骨髓瘤外周血T细胞亚群和B细胞相关免疫表型分析

 目的分析不同临床期多发性骨髓瘤(Multiple myeloma,MM)细胞免疫功能的变化和外周血肿瘤相关B淋巴细胞的免疫表型特点.方法采用直接或间接免疫荧光标记流式细胞术分析MM患者外周血T和B淋巴细胞的免疫表型.结果初治MM患者CD4、CD25及CD4/CD8比值显著降低(P＜0.05),CD8升高(P＜0.01);稳定期除了CD25降低外,T细胞亚群正常;进展期CD3,CD4及CD4/CD8比值均显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),CD8细胞升高(P＜0.01).结论不同临床期细胞免疫功能不同,细胞免疫调节与MM发病和病情进展有关,MM患者外周血肿瘤相关B细胞表达CD10抗原.     

胸腺肽对超高龄老年恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 明确长期注射胸腺肽对超高龄老年恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响.方法 分析超老龄老年恶性肿瘤患者注射胸腺肽组与对照组外周血T、B、自然杀伤细胞(natural killer cell,NK)的表达水平.结果 胸腺肽组CD3+T、CD8+T、CD4+CD45RO+T、CD4+CD45RA+T、CD8+CD45RA+T比例升高,而CD4+T、CD45ROCD8+T、CD4+/CD8+比值降低,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).NKT细胞高于对照组,而NK细胞、B细胞均低于对照组,2组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 长期注射胸腺肽对免疫功能影响无明显提高,因此不建议患者长期注射胸腺肽类药物.     

急性胰腺炎患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化及意义

目的探讨急性胰腺炎(AP)患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的变化情况。方法应用流式细胞仪四色荧光分析37例轻症急性胰腺炎(MAP)患者和22例重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者的T淋巴细胞亚群、B淋巴细胞及NK细胞的比例变化,并与30例健康对照组进行对比分析。结果 SAP患者CD3+T细胞、CD4+T细胞、CD16+CD56+NK细胞百分比及CD4+/CD8+比值与对照组相比明显降低(P<0.05),CD8+T细胞百分比较对照组明显升高(P<0.05);MAP患者CD4+T细胞百分比较对照组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 AP患者尤其是SAP患者存在免疫功能损害,这可能是SAP易发生严重感染的重要原因。     

动脉栓塞联合CIK细胞对中晚期肾癌患者免疫功能的影响

目的 分析肾动脉栓塞(transcatheter renal arterial embolization,TRAE)联合细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cy-tokihe-induced killer cell,CIK cell)过继免疫治疗对中晚期肾癌患者外周血CD4+CD25+调节性T细胞(regulatory Tcell,Treg)细胞比例、细胞免疫功能的影响及临床意义.资料与方法 65例中晚期肾癌患者(均为TBAE术后,经影像学检查显示无远处转移),以入院先后顺序随机分为两组:TRAE联合CIK治疗30例为研究组,单纯TRAE治疗35例为对照组,研究组患者在TRAE术后1周静脉补充CIK细胞治疗.分别于治疗前1周、治疗后3个月取外周血,流式细胞仪检测T淋巴细胞亚群及NK细胞比例变化;术后采用增强CT、MRI或PET-CT评价肿瘤坏死程度.结果 研究组与对照组客观有效率相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).研究组Treg细胞比例由(5.75±1.85)%下降至(4.55±1.76)%,二者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);CD3+、CD4+、NK细胞比例及CD4+/CD8+分别由(52.24 ±12.56)%、(46.33 ±16.26)%、(17.72±6.89)%、1.25±0.66上升至(62.22±10.58)%(P<0.01)、(53.00±14.17)%(P<0.05)、(21.59±8.08)%(P<0.01)、1.57±0.70(P<0.01),CD8+由(43.95±13.78)%下降至(38.23±10.74)%(P<0.05).对照组治疗前后Treg细胞比例及CD8+比例略有下降,CD3+、CD4+、NK细胞比例及CD4+/CD8+略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).研究组中位生存期为18个月,明显高于对照组的12个月.二者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).相关性分析显示:治疗后Treg细胞比例下降程度与生存期呈正相关关系(P<0.01).结论 TRAE联合CIK细胞过继性免疫治疗中晚期肾癌能改善患者细胞免疫抑制状态,提高机体的抗肿瘤免疫效应,延长患者生存期.     

肝动脉化疗栓塞术对原发性肝癌患者T淋巴细胞亚群的影响

目的探讨肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)前后原发性肝癌(PHC)患者T细胞亚群的变化。方法采用流式细胞术(FCM)检测PHC患者TACE术前1 d与术后1、2、3和4周外周血CD3、CD4、CD8 T细胞及CD4/CD8、CD4CD25/CD4的比值变化。结果 PHC患者术前外周血T细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD4/CD8比值显著低于健康对照组,CD8则明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05);治疗1周后外周血T细胞亚群指标较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),而4周后外周血T细胞亚群CD3、CD4、CD8及CD4/CD8比值较治疗前显著增高(P<0.05)。PLC患者外周血中CD4CD25/CD4 T细胞的比例显著高于健康对照组,与术前比较,术后1、2周外周血CD4CD25/CD4 T细胞的比例明显升高,术后4周外周血CD4CD25/CD4 T细胞的比例显著下降。结论 TACE可以改善PHC患者的免疫状况。     

谷氨酰胺对卒中患者免疫功能的影响

 目的 观察谷氨酰胺对卒中患者免疫功能的影响.方法 卒中40例,随机分成谷氨酰胺组和对照组,每组20例,采用随机双盲法,谷氨酰胺组每日分2次口服L-谷氨酰胺10 g,对照组给予相同剂量安慰剂,实验期7 d,于给药后第8天分别抽取两组患者外周静脉血1次,检测免疫功能指标:外周静脉血IgA、IgM、IgG,外周静脉血CD3+细胞比例、CD4+细胞比例、CD8+细胞比例以及CD4+/CD8+,外周静脉血IL-2、NO、TNF-α含量.结果 谷氨酰胺组患者外周静脉血IgA、IgM、IgG浓度,外周静脉血CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比例,外周静脉血IL-2、NO含量均高于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),而TNF-α含量低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 谷氨酰胺对卒中患者免疫功能有一定的改善作用.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并牙周炎患者血清辅助性T细胞及调节性T细胞表达对照分析

目的对照分析慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并牙周炎(PD)患者血清辅助性T细胞及调节性T细胞的表达现况。方法选择2013年1月至2014年6月于中国医科大学附属第四医院呼吸内科门诊就诊和住院治疗的COPD合并PD患者27例,同期COPD(不合并PD)患者24例,并选择同期于我院体检的健康人25例作为对照组。入选对象均在同一期间接受了血清辅助性T细胞(CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+)及调节性T细胞(CD4+CD25+Treg和CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg)检测。结果 COPD合并PD患者血清CD3+、CD4+表达浓度、CD4+/CD8+比值以及CD4+CD25+Treg、CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg表达比例均显著低于COPD组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。COPD合并重度PD患者血清血清CD3+、CD4+表达浓度、CD4+/CD8+比值以及CD4+CD25+Treg、CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg表达比例均显著低于COPD合并中、轻度PD患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 COPD合并PD患者存在明确的血清调节性T细胞和辅助性T细胞低水平表达,且随着PD症状加重,上述趋势更加明显。     

Cardiorespiratory fitness modulates the proportions of monocytes and T helper subsets in lean and obese men

This study investigated the peripheral frequency of monocytes, CD4 + T cell subsets and the systemic levels of cytokines in lean and obese men with different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Mononuclear cells were obtained from 45 lean and 45 obese men who were assigned into six groups according to their body mass index and CRF (low, moderate, or high VO_2Peak) to analyze the frequency of monocyte subsets and subpopulations of CD4 + T cells (Treg cells, CD4 + CD25^highCD127^low; mTeff, CD4 + CD25‐CD39+; mTreg, CD4 + CD25+CD39+). The systemic levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐10, IL‐17a, IL‐33, leptin, and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) were also evaluated. Seven sedentary obese men performed one week of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT, 3 sessions/week), and blood samples were collected before and 24 hours after the last session for phenotypic analysis of T cells and monocytes. Obese individuals presented an inflammatory profile characterized by lower frequencies of Treg and mTreg cells and higher proportions of proinflammatory monocytes. However, higher CRF status increased the frequencies of Treg cells and mTreg cells and decreased the percentage of CD4 + mTeff cells and intermediate and non‐classical monocytes in the peripheral blood from lean and obese men. Systemic lower levels of proinflammatory (IL‐6 and TNF‐) cytokines and higher concentrations of IL‐10 and IL‐33 were observed in moderate and higher CRF in all subjects. HIIT increased the proportions of circulating mTreg and Treg cells in sedentary obese individuals. The immunoregulatory role of CRF contributes to the maintenance of low levels of inflammatory mediators.     

脐带血造血干细胞的“质”“量”研究

目的 对脐带血造血干细胞移植的“质”“量”作出评估，使其更广泛有效地应用于临床。 方法 利用免疫磁珠分离法、ＦＡＣＳ分析与分选、体外液体培养，铺展贴壁等方法对脐带血ＣＤ３４＾＋造血干、粗细胞及其的数量、体外增殖分化性能、生长因子扩增效应，植入成人骨髓基质效率等进行研究，数据经ｔ检验。结果 脐带血有核细胞、ＣＦＣｓ、ＣＤ３４＾＋细胞及其亚群等的绝对数量明显低于常规骨髓移植所需的细胞数量，但脐带血ＣＤ     

TPO基因修饰的基质细胞对巨核系细胞的定向扩增作用

目的研究TPO基因修饰的基质细胞对CD34+造血细胞向巨核系细胞定向增殖分化的影响.方法将TPO cDNA构建到pBabe/pura中,通过"乒乓转染法"获得产高滴度逆转录病毒载体的包装细胞;利用所获的病毒上清转染基质细胞HFCL,用Northern blot检测细胞中TPO基因的表达,并利用TPO依赖株检测上清中的TPO活性;以未转基因的HFCL为对照,将CD34+造血细胞在TPO基因修饰的HFCL支持下扩增,用流式细胞仪检测扩增细胞中表型为CD34+CD41+和表型为CD41-CD61+细胞的比例.结果基质细胞HFCL能够有效表达外源性TPO基因,在HFCL/TPO培养上清中有0 75 ng/ml水平的TPO活性;并且在HFCL/TPO支持下,CD34+造血细胞经过7 d扩增后,CD34+CD41+细胞的比例为(13.7±2.0)%,HFCL为(6.5±1.8)%(P＜0.01);CD41+CD61+细胞的比例为(11.9±0.7)%,略高于HFCL的(10.6±1.5)%(P＞0.05).结论基质细胞能够有效表达外源性TPO基因和其蛋白,而且TPO基因修饰的基质细胞能显著促进CD34+CD41+巨核祖细胞的扩增,但对较成熟的CD41+CD61+巨核细胞影响不明显.     

Amifostine enhances recovery and expansion of peripheral FAS/CD95+ T- and NK-cell subpopulations during radiotherapy of patients with head-neck cancer

Purpose:?Experimental studies suggest that the FAS/APO-1/CD95 (cytokine receptor protein TNF-receptor superfamily, member 6) cell surface molecule is involved in the apoptotic effect of radiotherapy. In this study we investigated the role of amifostine in protecting the CD95+ (CD: cluster of differentiation) lymphocytic subpopulation in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Materials and methods:?Using flow-cytometry we examined the expression of FAS/CD95 antigen on CD4+ (helper/inducer T cells), CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) and CD56+ (NK, natural killer) T-lymphocytes of 28 patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy (with and without amifostine).

Results:?The numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes were significantly reduced after treatment from (mean value ± STD error) 1477 ± 129 to 1015 ± 77 for T lymphocytes, 700 ± 70 to 454 ± 38 for CD4, 449 ± 46 to 296 ± 34 for CD8 and, 140 ± 18 to 118 ± 13 for NK, before and after treatment, respectively. CD95 expressing lymphocytes showed a faster recovery rate in patients receiving amifostine. CD95 expressing CD56 lymphocytes increased during radiotherapy in patients receiving daily cytoprotection with amifostine to values higher than the pre-treatment levels (p = 0.004).

Conclusion:?It is suggested that amifostine enhances recovery of T- and NK-lymphocyte subpopulations expressing the CD95 antigen in head-neck cancer patients undergoing RT and may enhance the efficacy of the later by interfering FAS-related immunological pathways.     

急性放射病患者恢复期外周血淋巴细胞表型及功能分析

了解急性放射病患者恢复期间外周血淋巴细胞功能。方法用流式细胞仪分析淋巴细胞表型，３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入法分别分析Ｔ细胞和ＮＫ细胞功能。结果照后４．５年，患者外周血ＣＤ＋４Ｔ细胞仍有不同程度低于正常对照；受照剂量大于２Ｇｙ者ＣＤ＋８Ｔ细胞数明显高于正常，而受照时年龄为５４岁者ＣＤ＋８Ｔ细胞明显低于对照；多数患者外周血ＮＫ细胞数和功能都高于正常对照。结论受照者外周血Ｔ细胞功能恢复与受照剂量大小及年龄因素有关，恢复期ＮＫ细胞数量和活性增高，对于弥补Ｔ细胞功能不足具有积极意义     

抗CD25单克隆抗体对肾移植受者CD4~+ CD25~(high)调节性T细胞的影响

目的 评价抗CD25单克隆抗体对肾移植受者术后早期CD4~+ CD25~(high)调节性T细胞(CD4~+ CD25~(high)Treg)的影响.方法 2007年2-9月接受初次亲属活体供肾移植的受者41例,根据是否使用抗CD25单克隆抗体(商品名daclizumab)分为抗体组(21例)和对照组(20例).其中抗体组在肾移植术前2h及术后第14天分别给予抗CD25单抗各50mg.在移植前及移植后第13、17、60天分别留取肝素抗凝外周血15ml.应用流式细胞仪测定两组受者外周血CD4~+T细胞和CD4~+ CD25~(high)Treg比例的变化,半定量RTPCR检测CD25 mRNA的表达变化.结果 肾移植术后13、17、60d抗体组的CD25~+ T细胞占CD4~+ T细胞的比例(20%±8%、13%±7%、24%±9%)低于对照组(45%±6%、41%±5%、40%±6%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).抗体组术后第17天CD4~+ CD25~(high)Treg占CD4~+ T细胞的比例为4.40%±0.26%,明显低于对照组(8.56%±0.36%,P<0.01);而术后13、60d抗体组CD4~+ CD25~(high)Treg所占比例分别为7.00%±0.47%、3.75%±0.19%,与对照组(分别为8.04%±0.32%、3.66%±0.31%)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).抗体组CD25 mRNA相对表达水平在给予第二次抗体前(术后第13天)为1.65±0.22,术后第17天为1.84±0.27,两者间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).对照组术后第17天CD25 mRNA相对表达水平为1.70±0.23,与抗体组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 两剂共100mg抗CD25单抗仅一过性地降低CD4~+ CD25~(high)Treg,不会影响其活化扩增,无损于术后早期的免疫耐受诱导及维持.     

低剂量半身照射对恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响

目的 评价低剂量辐射对恶性肿瘤患者免疫功能的影响。方法 将20例患者(其中非何杰金氏淋巴瘤13例、小细胞肺癌7例)随机分为两组:HBR组和RR组。其中HBR组10例患者采用常规放疗(RR)加低剂量半身照射,低剂量半身照射方法为10 cGy/次,2次/周,总剂量为100 cGy,每次均间隔6～8 h再行常规放疗;RR组10例患者只予以常规放疗。采用流式细胞术(FCM)双标法检测HBR与RR组在放疗前、中、后外周血淋巴细胞CD₄、CD₈、CD₂₅和CD₅₆等指标的变化。结果 照射后RR组患者的CD₄⁺ CD₈⁺降低(P<0.05),HBR组患者的CD₄⁺升高(P<0.05),CD₂₅⁺和CD₅₆⁺分子表达均明显地增加(P<0.05),放疗前和放疗后CD₈⁺均低(P<0.05),放疗中(P<0.05)和放疗后(P<0.01)CD₄⁺ CD₈⁺均高。结论 低剂量半身照射可增强机体的免疫功能。     

Caffeine ingestion and antigen‐stimulated human lymphocyte activation after prolonged cycling

This study investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion on antigen‐stimulated T‐ (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺) and natural killer (NK)‐ (CD3^?CD56⁺) cell activation after prolonged, strenuous cycling. In a randomized cross‐over design, nine male endurance cyclists (age: 22 ± 3 years, V?O_2peak: 62 ± 4 mL/kg/min, mean ± SD) cycled for 90 min at 70% V?O_2peak 60 min after ingesting 6 mg/kg body mass of caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PLA). Venous blood samples were obtained before supplementation, pre‐exercise, immediately post‐exercise and 1 h post‐exercise. Whole blood was stimulated with Pediacel (five in one) vaccine. At 1 h post‐exercise the number of antigen‐stimulated CD4⁺ cells expressing CD69 decreased on CAF compared with PLA [15 (17) × 10⁶ vs 23 (22) × 10⁶ cells/L, P<0.05]. In addition, the geometric mean fluorescence intensity (GMFI) of CD69 expression on antigen‐stimulated CD8⁺ cells decreased on CAF compared with PLA 1 h post‐exercise [78 (10)% vs 102 (24)%, P<0.05]. At the same time‐point GMFI of CD69 expression on antigen‐stimulated CD3^?CD56⁺ cells was increased on CAF compared with PLA [103 (9)% vs 87 (8)%, P<0.05]. These findings suggest that caffeine reduces antigen‐stimulated CD69 expression on T cells while at the same time increases NK‐cell activation 1 h after intensive cycling.     

硒对鼻咽癌患者放射治疗后细胞免疫功能的影响

本文作者报道了硒对鼻咽癌患者放疗后细胞免疫功能影响的体外实验，结果表明：适宜浓度的硒（４．３４×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）显著提高患者经ＰＨＡ诱导的淋巴细胞转化作用：３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量由（３．１７±２．４２）×１０４·ｍｉｎ－１·１０－６淋巴细胞增至（５．６７±５．６３）×１０４·ｍｉｎ－１·１０－６淋巴细胞，较对照组提高了（７８．８６±７７．６０）％，Ｐ＜０．０１。同时，硒还显著提高ＮＫ细胞杀伤活性：３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ释放率由（２７．９０±９．２２）％增加至（３４．５６±１３．４５）％，Ｐ＜０．０５，提示：硒在恢复放疗后鼻咽癌患者的免疫功能的治疗中，可能具有一定的价值。     

High-Frequency Irreversible Electroporation for Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer: A Proof-of-Principle Study in Canine Hepatocellular Carcinoma

PurposeTo determine the safety and feasibility of percutaneous high-frequency irreversible electroporation (HFIRE) for primary liver cancer and evaluate the HFIRE-induced local immune response.Materials and MethodsHFIRE therapy was delivered percutaneously in 3 canine patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the absence of intraoperative paralytic agents or cardiac synchronization. Pre- and post-HFIRE biopsy samples were processed with histopathology and immunohistochemistry for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD79a. Blood was collected on days 0, 2, and 4 for complete blood count and chemistry. Numeric models were developed to determine the treatment-specific lethal thresholds for malignant canine liver tissue and healthy porcine liver tissue.ResultsHFIRE resulted in predictable ablation volumes as assessed by posttreatment CT. No detectable cardiac interference and minimal muscle contraction occurred during HFIRE. No clinically significant adverse events occurred secondary to HFIRE. Microscopically, a well-defined ablation zone surrounded by a reactive zone was evident in the majority of samples. This zone was composed primarily of maturing collagen interspersed with CD3⁺/CD4⁻/CD8⁻ lymphocytes in a proinflammatory microenvironment. The average ablation volumes for the canine HCC patients and the healthy porcine tissue were 3.89 cm³ ± 0.74 and 1.56 cm³ ± 0.16, respectively (P = .03), and the respective average lethal thresholds were 710 V/cm ± 28.2 and 957 V/cm ± 24.4 V/cm (P = .0004).ConclusionsHFIRE can safely and effectively be delivered percutaneously, results in a predictable ablation volume, and is associated with lymphocytic tumor infiltration. This is the first step toward the use of HFIRE for treatment of unresectable liver tumors.