一株花柳珊瑚来源真菌 Aspergillus candidus次级代谢产物及其生物活性研究

目的 从中国南海花柳珊瑚来源真菌 Aspergillus candidus (RA16-10) 中分离鉴定具有生物活性的代谢产物。方法 运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和半制备HPLC等方法分离并分析化合物,运用核磁、质谱等现代波谱分析方法对化合物进行结构鉴定,并对化合物进行抗菌、卤虫致死、藤壶幼虫致死等活性评价。结果 从 Aspergillus candidus中分离鉴定了3个黄酮类化合物 (1～3) 和1个三联苯类化合物 (4) ,其中含有氯原子的黄酮类化合物 1 和3是自然界中极其罕见的化合物;化合物 1 和2 显示出强的藤壶幼虫Balanua amphitrite致死活性,其LC₅₀值分别为1.11 μg/mL和1.39 μg/mL,这是首次报道该类化合物的藤壶幼虫致死活性。结论 从中国南海花柳珊瑚来源真菌Aspergillus candidus (RA16-10) 中筛选发现了2个具有显著的藤壶幼虫B. amphitrite致死活性的黄酮类化合物,这类化合物具有开发成为防污剂的潜力。     

珊瑚共附生黄柄曲霉次级代谢产物研究

目的 研究东沙短足软珊瑚（Cladiella sp.）来源的黄柄曲霉菌（Aspergillus flavipes）中的活性次级代谢产物。方法 采用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析、制备HPLC等分离手段对真菌发酵液乙酸乙酯提取物进行分离,运用现代波谱技术结合文献报道数据,对化合物的结构进行鉴定;采用核因子κB受体活化因子配基（RANKL）诱导小鼠骨髓单核巨噬细胞（bone marrow macrophage cells,BMMs）分化为成熟的破骨细胞,经抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP）特异性染色,对化合物抑制破骨细胞分化活性进行研究。结果 从该株真菌中分离得到4个细胞松弛素类化合物,其结构鉴定为trichalasins H,aspergilluchalasin,aspochalasin I和aspochalasin D。体外活性测试结果显示,化合物3和4可不同程度抑制BMMs向破骨细胞分化。结论 对化合物3和4抑制破骨细胞分化活性的报告是本文首次报道,对新型抗骨质疏松活性物质研究具有科学价值。     

一株海兔来源真菌 Aspergillus terreus丁内酯类化合物及其生物活性研究

摘要：目的 在生物活性和化学方法指导下,从1株海兔来源真菌 Aspergillus terreus (RA29-5)中分离鉴定海洋天然产物,并对其进行生物活性评价。方法 运用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析和HPLC等方法分离纯化化合物,利用NMR等现代波谱分析方法,对化合物进行结构鉴定,并对化合物进行抗菌、卤虫致死和斑马鱼胚胎毒性活性评价。结果 鉴定了 9 个丁内酯类化合物 (1～9) 的结构;抗菌活性表明,除化合物 6 和 9 外,所有化合物对四株致病细菌白色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus epidermidis、金黄色葡萄球菌 Staphylococcus aureus、蜡状芽孢杆菌 Bacillus subtilis 和四联球菌 Tetragenococcus halophilus 都显示一定的抗菌活性;化合物 1～4 和7均对真菌芒果叶枯菌 Pestalotia mangiferae 显示抗菌活性;特别的,化合物 7 对测试的13株致病菌都具有广谱地抗菌活性,其MIC值在1.11~8.88 μmol/L之间;此外,还对化合物的抗菌活性构效关系进行了初步探讨。结论 海兔来源真菌 A. terreus (RA29-5) 可产生结构多样的丁内酯类化合物,该类化合物具有开发成抗菌剂的潜力。     

1株软珊瑚共附生真菌Penicillium sclerotiorum中azaphilones类化合物及其生物活性研究

目的对1株西沙群岛永兴岛海域来源短指软珊瑚sinularia sp.共附生真菌Penicillium sclerotiorum中的azaphilones类化合物及其生物活性进行研究。方法利用硅胶柱层析、薄层色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、MPLC、HPLC等分离手段对菌株发酵提取物进行分离和纯化;运用NMR、MS等现代波谱学方法,并结合相关文献数据比对,鉴定化合物的结构;通过细胞毒活性模型评价化合物抗肿瘤活性。结果从真菌Penicillium sclerotiorum的代谢产物中获得了9个azaphilones类合物,分别(+)-Sclerotiorin(1), Isochromophilone Ia(2), Isochromophilone Ib(3), Isochromophilone III(4), epi-isochromophilone III (5), Isochromophilone IV(6), dechloroisochromophilone IV(7), Isochromophilone VIII(8), TL-1-monoAc(9),其中化合物8在30μmol.L_^-1浓度下对HL-60细胞的抑制率达到97.87%,IC₅₀值为11.81μmol.L_^-1。     

深海链霉菌SCSIO 03032芳酰胺类代谢产物的研究

目的 对从印度洋深海沉积物中分离到的一株深海来源的放线菌Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032进行次级代谢产物分析及其活性研究。方法 对深海来源放线菌Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032的发酵产物进行有机溶剂萃取,利用正、反向硅胶层析、硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析、薄层层析等分离手段进行纯化,通过ESI-MS、₁H NMR、₁₃C NMR分析及文献查阅鉴定化合物结构,并对化合物进行抗菌及抗氧化活性研究。结果 从深海来源放线菌Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 03032的发酵产物中分离得到3个芳酰胺类化合物,其结构分别鉴定为4-甲基苯-1, 3-二氨基甲酸甲酯(1)、2-甲基苯-1, 3-二氨基甲酸甲酯(2)、羰基亚氨基4-甲基-3, 1-亚苯基双[氨基甲酸]甲酯(3);活性结果显示三个化合物均无明显的抑菌活性或抗氧化活性。结论 得到了一株能够产生3个不同芳酰胺类化合物的深海链霉菌SCSIO 03032。     

一株蓝藻来源真菌Aspergillus sp.的次生代谢产物研究

目的 研究一株采自中国三亚蓝藻(Lyngbya majuscula)来源的真菌Aspergillus sp.的次生代谢产物的分离纯化、结构鉴定及其生物活性评价。方法 利用硅胶色谱、HPLC等色谱学分离方法对真菌Aspergillus sp.的次生代谢产物进行分离纯化,并结合NMR,MS等波谱学方法对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定;并采用CCK8法,用人肺癌细胞株A549和人乳腺癌细胞株MCF7评价了这6个化合物的细胞毒活性。结果 从真菌Aspergillus sp.的代谢产物中分离得到6个化合物：methyl asterric acid (1),methyl 3-chloroasterric acid (2),methyl 3,5-dichloroasterric acid (3),dihydrogeodin (4),benzomalvin B (5) 和benzomalvin E (6)。结论 化合物5和6为首次从Aspergillus属真菌中获得,化合物 1-6在40 μM浓度下没有显著的细胞毒活性。     

1株海洋真菌Aspergillus sp. WHUF0313次级代谢产物及其活性研究

摘要：目的 研究1株深海来源曲霉属真菌Aspergillus sp. WHUF0313的次级代谢产物及其生物活性。方法 采用硅胶柱 层析、Sephadex LH-20葡聚糖凝胶柱层析和半制备高效液相色谱等技术对该菌株的次级代谢产物分离纯化,并通过核磁共振 波谱(NMR)、质谱(MS)等方法,结合相关文献对比鉴定化合物结构;分别采用肉汤微量稀释检测法和MTS细胞增殖与毒性检 测法对化合物进行抗菌和肿瘤细胞毒活性测试。结果 从Aspergillus sp. WHUF0313的发酵产物共分离得到9个化合物,分别 为asperophiobolin G(1)、asperophiobolin F(2)、ophiobolin Q(3)、asperophiobolin H(4)、6-epi-ophiobolin G(5)、ophiobolin H(6)、 6-epi-ophiobolin K(7)、6-epi-21,21-O-dihydroophiobolin G(8)和asperophiobolin J(9)。结论 海洋真菌Aspergillus sp. WHUF0313能 产生多种活性次级代谢产物,化合物4对小鼠黑色素瘤B16有一定的细胞毒活性,化合物6和7具有较强的抗多重耐药幽门螺杆菌 和抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性,因此该菌具有开发为微生物源药物的潜在研究价值。     

海绵来源真菌Aspergillus flavus 次级代谢产物研究

摘 要：目的 对海绵来源真菌Aspergillus flavus次级代谢产物进行化学结构研究。方法 利用薄层色谱、硅胶柱层析、高效液相色谱和中压制备液相色谱等分离方法对真菌Aspergillus flavus 次级代谢产物进行分离、纯化;运用核磁共振、质谱等现代波谱学方法,通过与已报道数据进行对比,对化合物的化学结构进行鉴定。结果 从海绵来源真菌Aspergillus flavus 次级代谢产物中分离鉴定9个化合物,包括2个已知二酮哌嗪生物碱 Ditryptophenaline (1)、3-[(1H-Indol-3-yi)methyl]-6-benzylpiperazine- -2,5-dione (2),7个已知化合物 9,12-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester (3)、4-Hydroxy-3-methoxypropiophenone (4)、 Arboreumine (5)、 Asperfuran (6)、 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (7)、 polybotrin (8)和Kojic acid dimethyl ether (9)。结论 从真菌Aspeigillus flavus 中分离得到9个化合物。     

深海真菌Aspergillus sp. 20220129的次级代谢产物及抑菌活性研究

摘要：目的 研究西太平洋海域深海沉积物来源真菌Aspergillus sp. 20220129的次级代谢产物及抗菌活性。方法 采用 柱层析及高效液相色谱等方法对菌株Aspergillus sp. 20220129的大米发酵产物进行分离纯化。通过质谱和核磁共振等方法确定 化合物的结构。采用微量梯度稀释法对化合物开展抑菌活性评价。结果 共分离到9个化合物,分别为terretonin(1)、terretonin A(2)、methyl dichloroasterrate(3)、methyl asterrate(4)、methyl 6-acetyl-5,7,8-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-2-naphthalenecarboxylate(5)、 territrem B(6)、alantrypinone(7)、butyrolactone I(8)和versicolactone B(9)。化合物5、8和9对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)具有一定的抑菌效果,化合物5和8的最低抑菌浓度为100 μg/mL,化合物9为50 μg/mL。     

表观遗传试剂诱导海洋真菌Aspergillus versicolor DJ013产生次级代谢产物的研究

目的 对一株来源于浙江东极岛海域沉积物的海洋真菌Aspergillus versicolor进行表观遗传试剂2-hexyl-4-pentynoic acid诱导并研究其次级代谢产物。方法 采用溶剂萃取、柱层析色谱及制备色谱等方法对化合物进行分离纯化,通过LC-MS和NMR等方法进行结构鉴定,采用滤纸片扩散法测定抗菌活性。结果 在表观遗传试剂2-hexyl-4-pentynoic acid诱导下,从Aspergillus versicolor分离得到三个化合物,经结构鉴定为curvularin(1)、cyclo-(L-Trp-L-Phe)(2)和diorcinol (3)。     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.