HPLC法测定紫杉醇微乳型注射剂的含量

采用高效液相色谱法测定紫杉醇微乳型注射剂中紫杉醇的含量。色谱柱为Phenomenex ODS3,流动相为甲醇-乙腈-水(40∶30∶30),流速为1 ml.min-1,柱温为40℃,检测波长为227 nm,内标物为炔诺酮。在100~1000μg.ml-1浓度范围内,紫杉醇浓度与紫杉醇/炔诺酮峰面积比之间具有良好的线性关系,r=0.9999。加样回收率为99.77%,RSD为0.54%。本方法可靠,准确。     

高效液相色谱法测定紫杉醇注射液的含量

目的　用高效液相色谱法测定紫杉醇注射液的含量。方法　采用高效液相色谱法 ,色谱柱为BECKMANC18柱 (4 6mm× 15mm ,5 μm) ,流动相为甲醇 乙腈 水 (5 0∶30∶2 5 ) ,检测波长 2 30nm。 结果　紫杉醇在10～ 12 0 μg·ml-1的范围内 ,线性关系良好 (r=0 9994 ,n =7) ,平均回收率为 10 0 8% (n =9)。结论　高效液相色谱法测定紫杉醉的含量 ,方法简便、快速、准确、重现性好 ,可用于紫杉醇注射液的质量控制。     

紫杉醇注射液的RP-HPLC法分析

目的建立以RP-HPLC法测定紫杉醇注射液的含量及有关物质的方法.方法采用RP-HPLC法,以ODS C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm)为色谱柱.含量测定以甲醇-水-乙腈(20∶ 30∶ 50)为流动相,流速1.0 ml·min-1,检测波长228 nm;有关物质检查参照国家药品标准,采用梯度洗脱程序,便于将所有的杂质分离完全.结果紫杉醇在5～50 mg·L-1的范围内线性关系良好(r＝0.9998,n＝5),平均回收率为99.90%,最低检测限为1.92 ng,有关物质含量低于2.5%.结论方法灵敏、快速、准确,重复性试验结果良好,可用于紫杉醇注射液的质量控制.     

高效液相色谱法测定五酯分散片中五昧子酯甲含量

目的：建立高效液相色谱法测定五酯分散片中五味子酯甲含量测定方法，以控制该制剂的质量。方法：采用HPLC方法测定五酯分散片中五味子酯甲的含量，色谱柱：Kromosil C18（4．6mm×200mm，5μm）；流动相：甲醇-乙腈-水（60：10：30）；检测波长：254nm；柱温：30℃；流速：1．0mL·min^-1；进样量：20μL。结果：五味子酯甲在47．6～476ng范围内呈良好的线性关系，r=0．9992，平均回收率98．30％，RSD为0．72％。结论：本法结果准确，可靠，可用于五酯分散片中五味子酯甲的质量控制。     

RP-HPLC法同时测定大鼠血浆中的紫杉醇与汉防己甲素

目的:建立同时测定大鼠血浆中紫杉醇、汉防己甲素的方法。方法:采用反相高效液相色谱法。取血浆200μL,以利血平为内标,利用乙醚提取,氮气吹干,残渣用流动相溶解,进样20μL。色谱柱为Platisisl ODS(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-乙腈-0.01mo·lL-1K2HPO4(30∶40∶30,磷酸调节pH值至4.5),流速为1.0mL·min-1,检测波长为227nm。结果:紫杉醇、汉防己甲素检测浓度分别在0.02～20μg·mL-1和0.02～5μg·mL-1(r分别为0.9990、0.9993)范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好线性关系。紫杉醇和汉防己甲素低、中、高浓度的方法回收率分别为100.5%～104.0%和101.0%～104.8%,提取回收率分别为84.7%～93.8%和70.8%～86.0%;日内、日间精密度均<10%。结论:本方法专属性强、操作简单、结果准确,可用于紫杉醇和汉防己甲素在大鼠体内的药动学研究。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定人血浆中紫杉醇浓度

目的建立反相高效液相色谱法测定人体血浆中紫杉醇的浓度。方法色谱柱为InertS ustain C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以甲醇-乙腈-水(30∶30∶40)为流动相,流速为1.0 mL·min^-1;紫外检测波长为230 nm,柱温为35℃。以地西泮为内标,以甲基叔丁基醚为提取剂,用液液萃取法处理血浆样品,考察该方法的专属性、精密度与回收率、稳定性和重复性。结果紫杉醇线性范围为2.75×10^-1~11.00μg·mL^-1,回收率为96.28%~97.85%,萃取回收率为85.36%~90.83%,日内和日间的精密度均小于2.84%,血浆样品在-20℃下放置15天和反复冻融3次的稳定性良好。结论本方法处理样品的过程简捷、取样量少、重复性好且回收率高,可用于临床肿瘤患者血浆紫杉醇含量的测定。     

紫杉醇注射液含量测定方法的改进

目的:建立一种新的紫杉醇注射液的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为日本岛津公司ODS柱(4.6×250mm,5μm),流动相为醋酸-水-甲醇(0.1∶30∶70),流速为1.0mL/min,柱温为35℃,检测波长为227nm,进样量为10μL。结果:紫杉醇浓度在8.8-35.2μg/ml范围内呈良好线性,峰面积与进样量呈良好线性关系,r=0.9998;平均回收率为101.3%。结论:本文建立的方法,简便,重现性好,可用于紫杉醇注射液的含量测定。     

HPLC测定曼地亚红豆杉中的紫杉醇

目的 采用RP-HPLC法测定曼地亚红豆杉中紫杉醇的含量.方法 采用Diamond C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为乙腈-水(52:48),流速1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长227 mn,柱温30 ℃.结果 曼地亚红豆杉枝叶中紫杉醇的平均含量达0.0237%,该检测方法可将紫杉醇与其类似物分离.结论 曼地亚红豆杉枝叶中紫杉醇的含量较高,该检测方法稳定,可用于紫杉醇的快速定量测定.     

紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体的制备、物相鉴定及细胞药效

用溶剂法制备紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体，对其溶解度及体外溶出特性进行考察并对物相进行鉴定。采用溶剂法制备紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体，对固体分散体中紫杉醇的溶解度和溶出率进行测定，研究固体分散体的溶出性质。同时，利用差热分析（Differential scanning calorimetry，DSC）、粉末X衍射（X-ray powder diffractometry,PXRD）、扫描电镜（Scanning electron microscopy，SEM）等方法对其进行物相鉴定。采用SRB法对紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体对SKOV-3细胞药效进行测定。紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体中紫杉醇的溶解度和溶出速率相对其原料药和物理混合物均有了明显的提高；热差分析及粉末X衍射结果表明固体分散体中紫杉醇呈非结晶形式；扫描电镜下固体分散体中无紫杉醇晶体。细胞药效结果表明紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体的细胞药效强于紫杉醇纯药。采用溶剂法制备的紫杉醇-PVP固体分散体可显著提高紫杉醇的溶解度和溶出速度。     

RP—HPLC法测定布洛芬-聚乙二醇6000固体分散体中布洛芬的含量

目的 建立反相高效液相色谱法测定布洛芬-聚乙二醇6000固体分散体中布洛芬的含量.方法 色谱柱为Shimadzu C18柱,流动相为0.02 mol·L^-1醋酸钠（冰醋酸调节pH至3.0±0.1）-乙腈（40：60）,流速1.0ml·min^-1,检测波长为264nm,进样量为20μl.结果 布洛芬质量浓度在0.051～1.02 mg·ml^-1范围内与相应峰面积呈良好线性关系（r=0.999 9,n=6）,平均加样回收率为98.40%,RSD为0.92%（n=9）.结论 所用方法准确、简便、快速,适用于布洛芬-聚乙二醇6000固体分散体中布洛芬的含量测定.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.