内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管肿瘤的临床价值

目的 探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)在食管肿瘤治疗中的价值.方法 利用染色内镜及超声内镜探测病变范围及侵犯深度,对位于黏膜层及黏膜肌层的早期癌、癌前病变、黏膜下肿瘤等病变行ESD治疗.于病灶边缘2 mm处用氩气刀标记切除范围,于病灶及周围黏膜下注射甘油果糖使病变与固有肌层相分离;沿标记线外侧切开病变周围黏膜;剥离病变下方黏膜下层组织,完整切除病变.结果 21例病灶,最大直径均大于2 cm,病灶最大者直径5 cm.8例早期食管黏膜内癌,5例食管黏膜中、重度异型增生及8例食管平滑肌瘤经ESD-次性完全切除.ESD手术时间30～180 min,平均110 min;术中少量出血均经电凝止血;术后无迟发性出血发生;1例早期食管癌术中发生穿孔(4.76%),经内镜金属夹封闭、内科保守治疗后痊愈.术后随访1～12个月无复发.结论 在超声内镜及色素内镜的指导下,采用内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管黏膜内癌、癌前病变及黏膜肌层的肿瘤,是一项安全有效的内镜治疗方法.     

超声内镜术前诊断及内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗直肠类癌的研究

目的:研究超声内镜在直肠类癌术前诊断的价值及内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)在直肠类癌治疗中的应用效果。方法:对8例用ESD方法治疗的直肠类癌经行临床、病理分析及随访观察。结果:我院自2012年5月至2013年6月诊断8例直肠类癌,直径大小约0.5¹.2 cm,超声内镜(EUS)表现为起源于黏膜下层或黏膜深层的低回声病变,固有肌层无累及。8例患者全腹部及胸部CT检查无转移,均行ESD完整剥离,术后病理及免疫组织化学检查证实类癌,切缘及基底阴性。术后随访161.2 cm,超声内镜(EUS)表现为起源于黏膜下层或黏膜深层的低回声病变,固有肌层无累及。8例患者全腹部及胸部CT检查无转移,均行ESD完整剥离,术后病理及免疫组织化学检查证实类癌,切缘及基底阴性。术后随访16²7月,未见局部复发及全身转移。结论:ESD是治疗无固有肌层浸润及转移的直肠类癌的有效方法,EUS有助于该疾病的术前诊断及浸润深度判断,术前活检并非必要。     

内镜下黏膜剥离术治疗低位直肠早癌的临床分析

目的 评价内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗低位直肠早癌的疗效及安全性.方法 将首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院内镜中心2016年1月至2020年12月行ESD治疗且病理诊断为结直肠早癌的449例患者为研究对象,平均年龄(63.90±9.99)岁,其中男性269...     

自制肠内牵引器在结直肠内镜黏膜下剥离术中的应用

目的探讨自制肠内牵引器应用于结直肠内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)中的可行性及安全性。方法收集32例早期结直肠癌及其癌前病变患者,通过自制肠内牵引器辅助ESD治疗,记录临床相关数据,进行回顾性分析。结果32例早期结直肠癌及癌前病变采用自制肠内牵引器辅助ESD均实现整块切除,整块切除率100%;手术时间为23~132 min,平均(43.2±31.7)min;切下病变最大径2.3~5.2 cm,平均(2.7±0.9)cm;无术中明显出血及迟发性出血病例;无穿孔病例,无其他严重并发症及死亡病例。术后病理评估,腺瘤伴低级别上皮内瘤变21例,腺瘤伴高级别上皮内瘤变6例,腺瘤伴黏膜内癌2例,黏膜下轻度浸润(<1 000 m,sm1)癌1例,黏膜下深浸润(> 1 000 m,sm2)癌2例,所有病例水平及垂直切缘均阴性,完全切除(R0切除)率93.8%(30/32),治愈性切除率93.8%(30/32);其中1例sm1癌和1例sm2癌,追加外科手术,术后病理均未见癌残留,淋巴结未累及,另1例sm2癌,由于患者高龄,合并慢性呼吸衰竭,拒绝外科手术,密切随访中。术后随访1~16个月,平均(4.3±3.7)个月,所有随访病例,创面愈合良好,未见复发。结论自制肠内牵引器应用于结直肠ESD简便、安全、有效,值得推广。     

内镜下黏膜剥离术治疗消化道早癌22例

目的 探讨内镜下黏膜剥离术(ESD)治疗消化道早癌的疗效和安全性.方法 收集具有内镜治疗指征的消化道早癌患者22例,择期进行ESD.术前采用超声内镜检查确认所有患者病变部位仅局限于黏膜层,且无淋巴结转移.结果 22例患者均完成ESD,其中21例患者病灶达到完全切除,完全切除率为95.45%.术中均成功止血.术后出血1例,使用金属钛夹止血后出血停止,未见穿孔或食管狭窄病例.术后6个月21例患者复查内镜,显示创面已基本愈合,未见病变残留或复发.结论 ESD治疗消化道早癌安全有效,具有外科手术无法比拟的优势,值得临床推广.     

高频超声内镜鉴别上消化道黏膜内癌及黏膜下癌

目的 探讨高频超声内镜鉴别上消化道黏膜内癌及黏膜下癌的价值.方法 129例上消化道早期癌患者术前行高频超声内镜检查,分析上皮内癌、黏膜肌层癌、黏膜下癌的超声影像学特征.34例行内镜下黏膜切除术,5例行内镜下黏膜下剥离术,90例行外科手术.术后标本行病理学检查确定其浸润深度.结果 高频超声内镜显示上皮内癌30例,黏膜上皮层增厚,黏膜肌层形态规则;黏膜肌层癌42例,36例黏膜层及黏膜肌层增厚,两层界限不清楚,黏膜下层形态规则,6例黏膜层及黏膜肌层增厚,黏膜下层部分稍增厚,形态规则;黏膜下癌57例,黏膜下层形态改变,变细8例,增粗6例,扭曲5例,不规则10例,部分中断12例,与黏膜肌层分界不清楚16例,固有肌层形态规则.术后病理:黏膜内癌78例,黏膜下癌51例.高频超声内镜判断黏膜内癌特异性为92.2%(47/51),敏感性为87.2%(68/78),黏膜下癌特异性为87.2%(68/78),敏感性为92.2%(47/51),其鉴别黏膜内癌及黏膜下癌准确性为89.1%(115/129).结论 高频超声内镜能较准确鉴别上消化道黏膜内癌及黏膜下癌.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗食管黏膜病变

目的:探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗食管黏膜病变的应用价值。方法:Lugol′s碘染色确定病灶边界,内镜黏膜下剥离术完整剥离病灶并送检。切除成功率、手术时间、手术即刻及短期并发症及其发生率等纳入统计。结果:32例共33处食管黏膜病变接受治疗,30例共31处病变成功完成ESD治疗,ESD成功率93.9%(31/33)。2例患者病灶局部黏膜下注射后抬举不良且难以剥离转行手术治疗。ESD手术时间(自开始标记至完整剥离病变)55～125 min(平均85 min)。所有患者治疗过程中均有少量出血;2例食管黏膜内肿瘤剥离过程中出现皮下气肿,保守治疗成功,ESD穿孔发生率6.3%(2/32)。1例食管黏膜内癌合并皮肌炎的患者术后发生创面感染,术后第3天出现发热胸痛,抗感染治疗后6天恢复正常。成功实施ESD手术的30例患者平均住院8天,人均住院费用1.45万元人民币,术后每月随访1次,随访期3个月,创面基本愈合,无1例病变残留和复发。3例术后创面超过食管2/3周的患者,术后1个月就发生食管狭窄,经过平均2次球囊扩张后狭窄缓解。结论:ESD是治疗食管黏膜病...     

内镜下黏膜切除术和内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗直肠类癌的对照分析

目的对比内镜下黏膜切除术和内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗直肠类癌的临床疗效。方法将普宁华侨医院从2014-03—2016-05间收治的直肠类癌患者60例作为此次研究对象,将患者依据不同手术方法分为2组,甲组与乙组各30例患者,甲组应用内镜下黏膜切除术治疗,乙组应用内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗,对比两组患者临床疗效。结果甲组患者的平均手术时间与创面直径均要显著少于乙组(P<0.05);两组患者并发症发生率与复发率对比无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论内镜下黏膜切除术和内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗直肠类癌均能获得满意疗效,且内镜下黏膜切除术的手术耗时更少,手术创面更小,值得推广。     

内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗扁平隆起的胃食管病变的效果观察

目的探析内镜黏膜下剥离术治疗扁平隆起的胃食管病变的效果。方法选取我院消化科2015年11月至2016年11月收治的50例胃食管病变患者作为观察对象,所有患者均给予内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗,观察50例患者的病理类型、手术时间、术中出血量、一次性根治性切除率、创口愈合时间、术后并发症情况。结果术后病理类型:食管鳞状上皮重度异性增生、早期食管鳞状细胞癌、低级别上皮内瘤变、早期胃癌,手术时间(82.3±30.5)min,术中出血量(11.5±1.3)mL,一次性根治性切除率90%(45/50),创口愈合时间(10.5±2.8)d,术后出血2例、穿孔1例、继发狭窄2例。结论内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)是一种安全有效的治疗胃食管病变的手术方法 ,手术时间短、术中出血少、术后并发症少。     

35例直肠类癌患者内镜下治疗的回顾性分析

目的探讨直肠类癌患者行内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)的疗效及安全性。方法选取2015年1月—2018年1月期间的35例直肠类癌(直径<20 mm)患者行ESD治疗。镜下标识预切除范围,黏膜下注射抬高病灶,黏膜切开及创面钛夹处理。结果 35例直肠类癌直径为1.5～2.0 cm,均一次性切除,病灶基底及切缘均未累及。随访3～5年均无复发。结论对于直径<2 cm、无远处转移、未侵及固有肌层的直肠类癌患者,行ESD术疗效确切、简单、安全可靠,适宜开展。     

内镜下治疗消化道早癌及癌前病变效果

目的探究消化道早癌及癌前病变经内镜下治疗的方式及效果。方法将泰州市人民医院消化内科2011年2月至2013年2月收治的25例消化道癌变患者作为研究对象,采用内镜下黏膜剥脱术(ESD)与内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)治疗,对治疗效果及其并发症情况进行观察分析。结果 25例患者病变部分全部被切除,其中采用EMR切除病灶总计10例、采用ESD分片切除总计3例、采用ESD完整切除病灶总计12例。EMR手术时间33⁵6(40.3±4.8)min,ESD手术时间4756(40.3±4.8)min,ESD手术时间47¹50(80.3±9.1)min。术后病理结果显示,4例胃息肉、5例胃早癌、6例直肠侧向发育性肿瘤、10例结肠息肉。25例患者经过EMR与ESD治疗后,一次切除率为96.00%(24/25),出血率为12.00%(3/25),穿孔率为8.00%(2/25),出血患者与穿孔患者给予积极的处理皆效果良好。25例患者皆进行6150(80.3±9.1)min。术后病理结果显示,4例胃息肉、5例胃早癌、6例直肠侧向发育性肿瘤、10例结肠息肉。25例患者经过EMR与ESD治疗后,一次切除率为96.00%(24/25),出血率为12.00%(3/25),穿孔率为8.00%(2/25),出血患者与穿孔患者给予积极的处理皆效果良好。25例患者皆进行6¹2个月随访,随访复发率为0%。结论对于消化道早癌及癌前病变患者,采用ESD与EMR治疗能取得比较良好的效果,复发率较低,而且对于病理评估也有积极的意义。     

结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤内镜下诊治的临床研究

  目的  研究结直肠侧向发育型肿瘤(laterally spreading tumor, LST)的内镜病理特征及内镜下治疗方法。  方法  回顾性分析安徽医科大学第二附属医院2014年1月—2019年12月经内镜诊断并行内镜下治疗的48例LST患者的临床病理资料。按病变部位将其分成直肠组(27例)和结肠组(21例),分别记录直径大小、病变亚型及术后病理结果。27例行内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD),19例行内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic mucosal resection,EMR)/内镜下分片黏膜切除术(endoscopic piece mucosal resection,EPMR),另有2例行预切开的黏膜切除术(pre-cut-endoscopic mucosal resection,Pre-cut-EMR),观察内镜下治疗的残留率、出血率、穿孔率及复发率。  结果  2组患者年龄、性别差异无统计学意义(均P > 0.05)。直肠组中,病变直径为(3.27±1.29)cm,以结节混合型为主;结肠组直径为(2.61±0.78)cm,以颗粒均一型为主,差异均有统计学意义(均P < 0.05)。直肠组中高级别上皮内瘤变和癌变比例相比结肠组明显升高(P < 0.05)。直肠LST以ESD治疗为主(74.1%),结肠LST主要采用EMR/EPMR法(61.9%)。1例结肠LST因病灶长径过长无法行ESD有效完整切除,转外科手术,余47例均完整切除。1例术后出血(2.1%),再次内镜下止血治疗好转。1例术后4年复发,并再次内镜下完整切除。本组患者均无残留、穿孔并发症。  结论  直肠LST病变范围较大,以结节混合型为主,具有相对较高的恶性潜能,以ESD治疗为主;结肠LST以颗粒均一型多见,多采用EMR/EPMR治疗,部分患者可考虑行pre-cut-EMR治疗。      

大肠侧向发育型肿瘤的内镜形态及内镜下治疗

目的探讨大肠侧向发育型肿瘤(LST)内镜下的形态特征、病理学类型及内镜治疗价值。方法对近3年肠镜检查发现64例LST患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 LST病变60例(共64个病灶),占大肠息肉的2.78%,病变大小以10 mm~29 mm为主,直径大于50 mm者并不少见;病变主要分布在直肠;内镜下分型以结节混合型及扁平隆起型为主,假凹陷型少见。58例共62个病变接受内镜下治疗,30例行注射法黏膜切除术(EMR),16例行注射法黏膜分片切除术(EPMR),8例行透明帽辅助EPMR,4例行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)辅助EPMR。8例接受2~3次内镜下治疗,均为直肠50 mm以上LST病变。所有内镜下治疗均获得成功,随访1年未见残留及复发。术后迟发出血6例,无穿孔并发症发生。病理学类型:62个内镜下切除的LST病变中,58个腺瘤,伴中~重度不典型增生14个,2个腺上皮癌变,2个炎症伴息肉样增生。结论大肠LST病变在我国有一定的检出率,与结肠癌关系密切,其内镜形态具有一定的特殊性。对于绝大多数的LST病变,内镜下治疗是安全有效的。     

Correlation of clinical data, anatomical site and disease stage in colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the colorectal cancer clinical data with respect to the anatomical location and stage of disease. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and fifty three tumours were categorised as right colonic (RCC), left colonic (LCC) and rectal (RC) lesions. The distribution of symptoms (rectal bleeding, tenesmus, change in bowel habits, abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, rectal mass), anaemia, transfusion requirement, and the Dukes' stages were compared for right colon, left colon and rectal tumours. RESULTS: There were 54 RCC, 59 LCC, 140 RC lesions. Patient delay from onset of symptom(s) to presentation was a mean of 26.6 +/- 43, 20 +/- 25 and 33.7 +/- 42 weeks for right, left and rectal lesions respectively (p = 0.092). The proportion of patients presenting with rectal bleeding was 21%, 44% and 79% for RCC, LCC and RC lesions, respectively. The prevalence of intestinal obstruction was 14.8%, 27.1% and 43.6% in right, left and rectal lesions, respectively. The haemoglobin levels were significantly lower for right sided lesions (p = 0.05 for right colon/rectum pair; p = 0.059 for right colon/left colon pair). The sites of the lesions had no relationship to the stage of disease at presentation. CONCLUSION: In patients with colorectal cancer, the duration of symptoms was prolonged irrespective of the anatomical sub-sites. Symptoms were evenly distributed across the anatomical regions except for bleeding and obstruction which predominated in rectal and left colon cancers respectively. This underlines the need for early investigations in patients with rectal bleeding, change of bowel habit, intestinal obstruction and anaemia.     

内镜下黏膜剥离术治疗累及肛门齿状线直肠病变的临床效果评价

目的 评价内镜下黏膜剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)在治疗累及肛门齿状线的直肠病变中的临床治疗效果.方法 回顾性收集了2015年10月至2021年2月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院行ESD治疗的累及肛门齿状线的直肠病变患者30例.收集患者的年龄、性别、病变形态及病变大小...     

经括约肌间切除术治疗超低位直肠/肛管癌的疗效分析

目的 探讨经括约肌间切除术治疗超低位直肠/肛管癌的疗效.方法 2010年1月～2011年12月期间,在四川大学华西医院胃肠外科中心结直肠外科专业组接受经括约肌间切除术并符合本研究条件的超低位直肠/肛管癌患者共205例.结果 205例均顺利完成手术,肿瘤距肛距离0～5cm,平均（2.37±1.91）cm.排气时间1～11d,平均（3.93±1.24）d;排便时间1～17d,平均（5.20±1.86）d;下床活动时间1～7d,平均（2.22±1.53）d;住院时间7～114d,平均（16.18±10.26）d.术后发生吻合口瘘8例（3.9%）;切口感染2例（1.0%）,肛周感染15例（7.3%）.205例患者均获随访,平均随访24个月,随访结果中出现复发的患者共9例（3.4%）.随访获得的死亡患者总数为11例,死亡率为5.4%.吻合口狭窄3例（1.4%）.结论 ISR治疗超低位直肠/肛管癌患者能够取得良好的近远期疗效,具有良好的保肛和根治效果,是安全可行的.且对于距肛距离≤2cm的直肠癌患者,只要癌肿未侵及外括约肌,ISR仍是有效保肛治疗手段.     

Cancer of the colon and rectum in a Jamaican population: diagnostic implications of the changing frequency and subsite distribution

The aim of this study was to examine the clinical and pathological characteristics of colorectal cancer in Jamaica, to determine whether there was a change in the anatomic distribution and clinical presentation and to discuss the options for diagnosis and management. A comprehensive retrospective review of patients newly diagnosed with colorectal carcinoma was conducted at The University Hospital of the West Indies by reviewing both patient records and pathological data. These data were compared with previous reports of patients with colorectal cancer seen in Jamaica. One hundred and forty-seven patients were studied There were 85 females and 62 males with a female to male ratio of 1.37:1. The median age was 65.5 years (range 19 to 94 years). The predominant symptoms were abdominal pain in 91 patients, change in bowel habit in 77 patients and rectal bleeding in 74 patients. Sixty patients presented with weight loss and 28 with a rectal mass. The most common tumours were right-sided colonic cancers in 42 patients (28.5%) followed by sigmoid colon in 30 (20.4%) rectum in 34 (23.1%) and left and transverse colon accounting for 16 and 10 cases respectively. Most of the tumours were well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. Only eight patients presented with Dukes' A disease, 50 with Dukes'B, 53 with Dukes'C disease and 34 with advanced disease. The findings showed that sigmoid and rectal tumours accounted for 43.5% of cancers. The colon/rectum ratio in this series was 3.3:1 indicating a significant proximal shift of colorectal cancers in this population in keeping with recent reports. The results of the current study suggest that the sub-site location of colorectal cancers seen is similar to that reported in high incidence countries such as the United States of America and parts of Europe but differs from the African continent which has a high proportion of rectal tumours. This right-sided preponderance also differs from previous studies in Jamaica, which report a higher incidence of rectal lesions The detection of early colorectal carcinoma will require screening at a stage when the disease is asymptomatic in order to improve the chance for cure. The data presented here imply that screening programmes should allow evaluation of the entire colon rather than the distal 25 cm.     

Is synchronous hemorrhoidectomy with colonoscopy a worthwhile procedure?

There were 201 patients receiving preoperative colonoscopy prior to hemorrhoidectomy in the meanwhile at MMH from July 1984 to June 1988. Other than rectal bleeding, they had colonic symptoms such as anemia, abdominal pain, familiar history of cancer and change of bowel habit etc. The study included 114 male and 87 female with ages ranging from 15 to 74 years (Median, 42 years). Three patients with colonic cancer and twenty-eight patients with neoplastic polyps were found by colonoscopic examination. Three cancer patients all received cancer surgery instead of hemorrhoidectomy as quickly as possible in a short time. One patient died for advanced stage and the other two patients got good results. The literatures were reviewed and discussed in accordance with the colonoscopic finding, operative time, hospital stay, post-operative morbidity and complication. There were not increase the postoperative morbidity in this series which compare with that of other series. The advantages of this procedure included: 1) Preventing suffer from twice colon preparations. 2) Preventing waiting period for Barium enema. 3) Preventing delay diagnosis of colorectal lesions especially colon cancer or precancer lesions of neoplastic polyps. 4) Performing examination and surgery at the same time-money-saving and time-saving. We thought synchronous hemorrhoidectomy with colonoscopy is a worthwhile clinical procedure.     

内镜粘膜下剥离术治疗消化道病变29例分析

目的探讨内镜黏膜下剥离术(endoscopic submucosal dissection,ESD)治疗局部消化道病变(Gastrointes-tinal disease,GI)的疗效和安全性。方法对内镜发现的29例消化道病变(食管4例、胃13例、十二指肠1例、结肠5例、直肠6例)进行超声内镜检查后(6例病变位于黏膜层、2例病变位于黏膜肌层、9例病变位于黏膜下层、12例位于固有肌层),应用Hook Knife和IT-2 Knife进行ESD治疗。结果 24例成功完成ESD治疗,完整切除率达83%,病变最大直径0.4～5.0cm(平均2.7cm),手术时间15～145 min(平均75.5 min)。无1例出现术中内镜难以控制的大出血及术后迟发性出血;无1例出现皮下气肿、消化道瘘和胸腔腹腔继发感染;术中消化道穿孔3例(胃窦、胃底和十二指肠),转外科急症开腹手术;术中发现1例病变部分突出腔外(胃底)和1例病变已向深部浸润(胃窦),也转外科手术。所有ESD剥离病变包膜完整,基底和切缘未见病变累及。术后随访15例,无1例病变残留和复发。结论 ESD治疗消化道病变安全、有效,可以一次性完整切除病变,提供完整的病理学诊断资料。