EMR Management System for Patient Pulse Data

The purpose of this study is to build an integrated medical information system for effective database management of clinical information and to improve the existing Electronic Medical Record (EMR)-based system that is currently being used in hospitals. The integrated medical information system of hospitals consists of an Order Communication System (OCS), Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS), and Laboratory Information System (LIS), as well as Electronic Medical Record (EMR). It is designed so that remote health screening and patient data search can be accessed through a high speed network-even in remote areas-in order to effectively manage data on medical treatment that patients received at their respective hospitals. The existing oriental treatment system is one in which the doctor requires the patient to visit the hospital in person, so as to be able to check the patient's pulse and measure it with his hand for proper diagnosis and treatment. However, due to the recent development of digitalized medical measurement equipment, not only can doctors now check a patient's pulse without touching it directly, but the measured data are computerized and stored into the database as the electronic obligation record. Thus, even if a patient cannot visit the hospital, proper medical treatment is available by analyzing the patient's medical history and diagnosis process in the remote area. Furthermore, when a comprehensive medical testing center system including the people medical examination and diverse physical examination is established, the quality of medical service is expected to be improved than now.     

市级医院电子病历应用水平分级评价的研究与评估

依据国家相关标准,结合上海市级医院电子病历系统建设的实际情况,上海申康医院发展中心建立市级医院电子病历应用水平分级评价体系模型,研发评估系统产品,组织评估系统应用示范,完成对34家市级医院电子病历系统应用水平的等级评估,积极推进及提高各市级医院电子病历建设水平,引导市级医院科学合理的发展电子病历系统。     

电子病历在随访及科研中的应用

复旦大学附属肿瘤医院利用电子病历系统。为每个门诊和住院病人建立统一标识，病人历次就诊和住院的电子病历均被关联该标识。实现了病人随访信息的自动登记。并建立科研病史。通过结构化病历实现了科研信息的收集与检索。     

对医疗数据为医院管理与临床诊疗提供支持的研究

医院信息系统（HIS）提供了海量医疗数据,有效利用这些数据可以为医疗管理决策与临床科研提供数量化的依据.从统计学角度,提出提高电子病历（EMR）数据采集质量的建议,介绍了针对医院信息数据分析的数据挖掘方法,有助于医疗工作者与管理人员更好地发现医院数据中蕴藏的信息.     

搜索处理技术在医院非结构化文档（电子病历）的应用

随着医院信息化的发展,电子病历（Electronic Medical Record, EMR）在当前受到越来越多的关注,尤其在各级医疗院所及其健康体检中心,然而在医生需要正确获取患者资料时,确是件费力的事。尤其是在海量信息进行患者模糊查询,效率非常低下,同时全结构化电子病历仍然达不到医生看病的日常状态,大部分医院仍在使用非结构化的电子病历系统或SOAP诊断模式,围绕文本信息检索和电子病历相结合,旨在为信息查询提供思维的速度。除此之外,搜索处理技术对影像文件也可以进行处理,达到快速定位影像。     

医生因素对医院实施电子病历系统的影响

目的：探索医生作为技术使用者对于医院建立电子病历系统的影响。方法：对～家北京市三甲医院实施电子病历系统的现状和效果进行个案研究,主要使用定性研究方法,以观察法和半结构访谈法作为主要资料收集方法。结果：尽管有了一个良好的技术设计,但是电子病历系统的信息采集、存储、处理和展现等功能并没有在该院发挥理想效果,医生对技术的接受和使用程度不足影响了电子病历系统发挥提升效率和质量的意义。结论：行政权威要求不足、培训不到位、短期效率降低、感知易用性不足等是医生使用系统的主要障碍因素。     

电子病案新技术临床应用前景

我国电子病案的发展处于初级阶段。电子病案的应用可以提高工作效率和医疗质量。随着电子计算机和数字化技术的迅猛发展,把新技术应用于电子病案,使电子病案智能化、高技术化和人性化成为可能。     

Use of Electronic Medical Records in Oman and Physician Satisfaction

The Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a computerized record of clinical, demographic and management information. EMR is an enabling technology that allows physicians to utilize quality improvement processes in the practice of medicine. Oman is one of the Middle Eastern Countries that has implemented an integrated electronic hospital information system at government health care institutions. The system was first applied in primary health care centers and then implemented in hospitals. Survey research highlights factors that affect physician satisfaction and utilizing of this new technology in a hospital setting. Outcome survey data suggests areas for improvement. Specific concerns about patient confidentiality are discussed as well as quality improvement in patient care.     

使用电子病案的优势及需注意的问题

随着计算机技术的飞速发展，推动了医院办公自动化进程，医疗信息化成为医院未来发展的必然趋势，电子病案应运而生。本文通过对传统病案与电子病案的对比，分析了电子病案存在的问题，并提出了几点觖决方法。电子病案相对于传统病案有诸多优势，但由于技术，管理等多方面原因阻碍电子病案的发展。电子病案的研制，应用和完善需要较长的时间。     

Building Clinical Data Groups for Electronic Medical Record in China

This article aims at building clinical data groups for Electronic Medical Records (EMR) in China. These data groups can be reused as basic information units in building the medical sheets of Electronic Medical Record Systems (EMRS) and serve as part of its implementation guideline. The results were based on medical sheets, the forms that are used in hospitals, which were collected from hospitals. To categorize the information in these sheets into data groups, we adopted the Health Level 7 Clinical Document Architecture Release 2 Model (HL7 CDA R2 Model). The regulations and legal documents concerning health informatics and related standards in China were implemented. A set of 75 data groups with 452 data elements was created. These data elements were atomic items that comprised the data groups. Medical sheet items contained clinical records information and could be described by standard data elements that exist in current health document protocols. These data groups match different units of the CDA model. Twelve data groups with 87 standardized data elements described EMR headers, and 63 data groups with 405 standardized data elements constituted the body. The later 63 data groups in fact formed the sections of the model. The data groups had two levels. Those at the first level contained both the second level data groups and the standardized data elements. The data groups were basically reusable information units that served as guidelines for building EMRS and that were used to rebuild a medical sheet and serve as templates for the clinical records. As a pilot study of health information standards in China, the development of EMR data groups combined international standards with Chinese national regulations and standards, and this was the most critical part of the research. The original medical sheets from hospitals contain first hand medical information, and some of their items reveal the data types characteristic of the Chinese socialist national health system. It is possible and critical to localize and stabilize the adopted international health standards through abstracting and categorizing those items for future sharing and for the implementation of EMRS in China.     

电子病历利与弊的探讨

电子病历是现代医院病历管理的发展趋势，在医院信息化建设中起到了重要的作用。对电子病历发展过程中具有的优点和存在问题进行分析和探讨，借此推动医院电子病历的应用，确保电子病历信息的有效性、安全性和合法性。使电子病历信息系统做到合理化、人性化，方便医护人员的操作使用。     

电子病案在我院的建立与运用

目的探讨电子病案的构建及其在临床上的应用。方法采用"军卫一号"系统为基础,结合实际,边开发边应用,形成具有我院特色的电子病案系统。结果电子病案的开发模式既能有效节约成本同时又能使系统具有较强的可扩展性以适应医疗卫生事业的发展。在日常应用中,可以一方面对系统本身进行总结完善,另一方面积极加强员工培训,总结应用经验技巧,充分发挥其优越性。结论多年的临床实践证明本系统是经济且有效的。     

Organizational and Environmental Determinants of Hospital EMR Adoption: A National Study

The recent focus on health care quality improvement and cost containment has led some policymakers and practitioners to advocate the adoption of health information technology. One such technology is the Electronic Medical Record (EMR), which is predicted to change and improve health care in the USA. Little is known about factors that influence hospital adoption of this relatively new technology. The purpose of this paper is to determine the national prevalence of EMR adoption in acute care hospitals while examining the organizational and environmental correlates using a Resource Dependence Theoretical Perspective. Significant predictors of hospital EMR use may indicate barriers to use for some hospitals and can be used to guide policy. This study uses a non-experimental cross sectional design to examine hospital EMR use in 2004. A logistic regression approach is used to determine the correlations between hospital EMR use and organizational and environmental characteristics. Hospital EMR use was identified using the HIMSS Analytics data. Organizational and environmental variables were measured using data from the AHA, CMS (financial and case mix) and ARF. Hospital EMR adoption is significantly associated with environmental uncertainty, type of system affiliation, size, and urban-ness. The effects of competition, munificence, ownership, teaching status, public payer mix, and operating margin were not statistically significant. Significant predictors of hospital EMR adoption represent barriers that may prevent certain hospitals from obtaining and using EMRs. These hospitals include those that are smaller, more rural, non-system affiliated, and in areas of low environmental uncertainty. Since EMR adoption may be an organizational survival strategy for hospitals to improve quality and efficiency, hospitals that are at risk of missing the wave of implementation should be offered services and incentives to enable them to implement and maintain EMR systems.     

RBAC-Matrix-Based EMR Right Management System to Improve HIPAA Compliance

Security control of Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a mechanism used to manage electronic medical records files and protect sensitive medical records document from information leakage. Researches proposed the Role-Based Access Control(RBAC). However, with the increasing scale of medical institutions, the access control behavior is difficult to have a detailed declaration among roles in RBAC. Furthermore, with the stringent specifications such as the U.S. HIPAA and Canada PIPEDA etc., patients are encouraged to have the right in regulating the access control of his EMR. In response to these problems, we propose an EMR digital rights management system, which is a RBAC-based extension to a matrix organization of medical institutions, known as RBAC-Matrix. With the aim of authorizing the EMR among roles in the organization, RBAC-Matrix also allow patients to be involved in defining access rights of his records. RBAC-Matrix authorizes access control declaration among matrix organizations of medical institutions by using XrML file in association with each EMR. It processes XrML rights declaration file-based authorization of behavior in the two-stage design, called master & servant stage, thus makes the associated EMR to be better protected. RBAC-Matrix will also make medical record file and its associated XrML declaration to two different EMRA(EMR Authorization)roles, namely, the medical records Document Creator (DC) and the medical records Document Right Setting (DRS). Access right setting, determined by the DRS, is cosigned by the patient, thus make the declaration of rights and the use of EMR to comply with HIPAA specifications.     

标准化升级电子病历系统

分析中山市人民医院电子病历应用中存在的问题及应用水平情况,应用《电子病历系统功能应用水平分级评价方法及标准》,结合医院的实际运行数据,对电子病历系统功能逐一进行分级评价,采用评价标准升级电子病历能够提高科学性、合理性和适用性,促进医院信息化建设可持续发展。     

Potential pitfalls with electronic medical records

Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems are a rapidly growing form of documentation that has the potential to improve quality of care, physician and practice efficiency, and accessibility of stored medical information. However, these advances may be met with challenges such as: finances, functionality, accessibility, as well as skills necessary for utilization and potential for data loss. This article reviews each of these areas in detail to provide further insight into the challenges encountered by those implementing EMR systems.     

广东省东莞市二级以上公立医院电子病历使用现状及对策

通过对东莞市二级及以上公立医院电子病历的使用现状进行分析,探讨其中存在的问题,如对电子病历的认识不足,电子病历的系统有待深入开发、电子病历的安全等。医院只有转变观念,加大对电子病历的支持、开发与推广,完善安全保护措施才能更好地提升电子病历的使用水平,提升医院的核心竞争力。     

医院深入开展电子病历评级工作的体会

以电子病历为核心的医院信息化建设是公立医院改革的重要内容之一。2011年卫生部下发了《电子病历系统功能应用水平分级评价方法及标准（试行）》,要求医院开展电子病历系统应用水平分级评价。通过电子病历系统评级让医院更快地明确医院信息化建设中的不足之处,逐步提升了电子病历的应用水平。简要总结了医院进行电子病历系统评级过程中对医院信息化的认识和体会。     

电子病案的应用

病案作为记录病人病情、诊断、治疗等重要信息的原始资料，是医疗机构工作的重要组成部分，它反映着医院管理水平，具有重要意义，越来越受到重视。随着计算机技术的飞速发展，医疗信息化成为医院未来发展的必然趋势，电子病案应运而生。虽然相对于传统病案具有诸多优势，但由于技术、管理等多方面原因阻碍电子病案的发展。笔者分析了电子病案中存在的问题，并提出实现电子病案系统的几点建议。     

电子病案在医疗领域中的应用

电子病案(Electronic Medical Record,EMR)是一项提高医疗质量和效率,降低医疗成本的医疗变革。它建立在医院医疗活动全面信息化的基础上,能提供主动的、智能化服务。它是用电子设备保存、管理、传输和重现的数字的病人的医疗记录,它包含了传统纸张病案的所有信息,也反映了患者的整个医疗过程。随着医疗信息及网络技术的发展,国内大医院已开始积极进行电子病案的研究。“军卫一号”工程的运用,加速了医院的现代化、信息化建设的步伐。我院是开展EMR较早的医院之一。电子病案具有传输速度快、存储量大、方便快捷等特点。电子病案扩大了医院的管理领域,变终未为环节,为国家和军队医疗宏伟管理提供了原始科学的数据信息资源。有效发挥病案在医、教、研方面的真正价值和作用。它对医院的内部管理、国家医疗保障、病人信息的异地共享也具有重要的意义。它是信息技术和网络技术在医疗领域的必然产物