Morphological Changes of the Tight Junction of Pulmonary Epithelium and Capillary Endothelium after Blast Injury in Rats

The morphological changes of the tight junction of the alveolar epithelium andthe capillary endothelium of the lungs after blast injury in rats were studied with freeze-etching elec-tron microscopic technique.The results were as follows:1.The number of the discontiuities,discontinuities per μm,irregularity,and free-ending     

MYOCARDIAL ENZYME LEAKAGE AND SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF MITOCHONDRIA CORRELATED WITH MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE ANOXIC ISOLATED PERFUSED RAT HEART

Langendorff isolated perfused rat heart system was used to study the myocardial enzyme leakage and succinic dehydrogenase activity of mitochondria, and to investigate their correlation with the morphological changes due to anoxia-induced injury. 84 male Wistar rats were used and divided into the aerobic control group and the anoxic group. Besides the mitochondrial structural changes and the myccardial cell menbrane permeabilily defects observed, the SDH activity of mitcchondria was reduced and the CPK release increased. The morphological, functional and biochemical changes in anoxic rat heart correlated with each other very well.     

Changes of Gastric Nitric Oxide in Neonatal Rats with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

In order to study the changes of nitric oxide (NO) in gastric wall in hypoxic neonatal rats, the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of gastric wall was measured and the NADPH-diaphorase biochemistry test was taken to show the distribution of NOS in the gastric wall of neonatal rats. The results showed that compared with normal rats, NOS had no significant changes in the acute hypoxic rats (P>0.05). However, in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) neonatal rats, the activity of NOS was markedly increased (P<0.01), and the NOS positive reactive products were markedly increased in the gastric muscle, but no changes in the mucosal and submucosal layers were observed. The results suggest that the decreased gastric motivation and the gastric mucosal lesions caused by asphyxia are associated with the changes of NO in gastric wall.     

Atrophy and regeneration of rat skeletal muscle after chronic spinal cord compression

Objective To observe the morphological changes and myoblast proliferation dynamics of skeletal muscle after chronic spinal cord compression in rats. Methods A total of 50 Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group ( n = 10) ,sham operation group (Group A, n = 10) and chronic compression group (Group B, n = 30). The rats in the Group B were given gradual compression on the posterior spinal cord using blunt platic screw. Compression degree reached 20% (n = 10),40% (n = 10)and60% (n = 10) respectively after two months. Following sacrifice of rats, gastrocnemius muscle was removed for HE staining and preparation of cell suspension. HE staining and image analysis system were used to measure the diameter and cross section area of rat gastrocnemius muscle cells and cytoflowmeter to detect the periodical changes of myoblast. Results Atrophy and degeneration of gastrocnemius muscle cell occurred in every chronic compression group. The diameter and the cross section area of rat were decreased with increa     

Effect of Antisense FosB and CREB on the Expression of Prodynorphin Gene in Rats with Levodopa-induced Dyskinesias

The effects of antisense FosB and CREB intra-striatum injection on the expression of prodynorphin (PDyn) gene in striatal neurons of Levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID) rats with Parkinson disease (PD) were explored. PD model in rats was established by 6-OHDA microinjection stereotaxically. The rats were treated with chronic intermittent Levodopa celiac injection for 28 days to get the LED rats. Antisense FosB and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were injected into striatum of all rats respectively. In situ hybridization was used to measure the changes in the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum and behavior changes were observed. The results showed after administration of antisense FosB, abnormal involuntary movement (AIM) was decreased and the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum was increased in LID rats as compared with sense FosB group (P<0.01, respectively). As compared with the control group, the expression of PDyn mRNA in striatum was decreased by antisense CREB-treated LID group (P<0.01) and compared with sense CREB treated LID group, antisense CREB-treated LID group showed no changes in AIM scores and the expressions of PDyn mRNA (both P>0.05). In conclusion, FosB protein, which replaced the CREG, could regulate the expression of PDyn mRNA and play critical role in the pathogenesis of LID.     

Degenerative mechanism of articular cartilage induced by low stress. A morphological study.

Immobilization leads not only to diminished joint movement but also low stress of articular cartilage. The present investigation was undertaken to observe the morphological changes which arose in articular cartilage with low stress. The joint motion remained intact. Articular cartilage from the left knees of 66 rats whose left calcaneal tendons had been transected was examined under transmission electron microscope and light microscope. The degenerative changes were observed: decreased functional activity of chondrocytes progressively degenerated cartilage and lack of compensatory proliferation of chondrocytes at the early stage. We propose that the degeneration of articular cartilage induced by immobilization is the result of combination of low stress and lack of joint motion. The following degenerative mechanism begins with chondrocytes. Chondrocyte and matrix influence each other in a vicious cycle. Low stress may restrain the repair activities.     

Biochemical and Morphological Changes in The Lenses of Selenium and／or Vitamin E Deficient Rats

The activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),glutathione reductase(GSSG-R),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and free radicals were measured,and the morphological changes were observed in the lens of control rats,selenium-deficient(SeD)and/or vitamin E deficient(VED)rats.The activities of GSH-Px in the lens of SeD rats decreased significantly.The GSH-Px activities of lens were positively relaed to erythrocytes selenium level.There was a free radical at g=2.0015in the rat lens of all groups,but the content of free radicals in the lens of SeD group was significantly higher than that of the control grop.The free radical content of lens was negatively related to erythrocytes selenium level,as well as the GSH-Px activities in the lens.In vitro,ultraviolet radiation caused the generation of another kind of free radical(g=2.0097)in the lens of all groups,but the amount of the free radical in the lens of the SeD group was also significantly higher than that of the control group.The activities of SOD and GSSG-R in VED rat lens were significantly decreased.The amount of MDA in the lens of SeD and/or VED rats were significantly increased.The results showed that the decrease of antioxidative capability in the lenses of SeD and/or VED rats accelerated the lipid peroxidation and generation of free radicals.Although only early morphological changes in SeD and/or VED rat lens were observed,it is considered that selenium and vitamin E deficiency may be involved in the occurrence of cataract.     

Effects of Dachengqi Decoction(大承气汤) on Morphological Changes in Enteric Nerve System of Rats with Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome

Objective:To observe the morphological changes in enteric nerve system(ENS)of rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)treated by Dachengqi Decoction(大承气汤,DCQD).Methods:Fifty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the control group,MODS model group and DCQD treated group.The rats in MODS model group and DCQD treated group were injected Escherichia coli(E.coli)suspension into abdominal cavity under sterile condition.The DCQD treated group was gavaged with DCQD 2 days before the E.coli suspension was injected.Twenty-four hours after injection,the proximal segment of intestine was resected and studied by immunohistofluorescence using vesicular acetylcholine transporter,vasoactive intestinal polypeptide(VIP),substance P(SP)and neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS)antibodies.The whole-mount preparations were observed by laser scanning confocal microscope to detect the changes of quantity and fluorescence integral optical density(IOD)value of intestine enteric nerves.Results:Compared with the control group,the quantity and IOD value of acetylcholine(ACh),VIP,SP and nitric oxide(NO)nerves of intestine in the MODS group were significantly decreased(P0.01),and the network of enteric nerves was remarkably disrupted.Compared with the MODS group,the quantity and fluorescence IOD value of ACh,VIP,SP and NO nerves in the DCQD group were significantly increased(P0.01),and the network of enteric nerves was remarkably recovered.Conclusions:DCQD can protect and repair damage in the network of ACh,SP,NO and VIP nerves in rats with MODS,which may be one of mechanisms involved in promoting gastrointestinal motility by DCQD.     

Morphological changes of blood spleen barrier in portal hypertensive spleen

The pathogenesis of hypersplenism and the immune function of the spleen in patients with portal hypertension （PH） remain obscure. This study aimed to evaluate the morphological changes of blood spleen barrier in spleen with hypersplenism due to PH and provide evidence for an in-depth investigation of the immune function of the spleen with hypersplenism and the mechanism of hypersplenism. Methods Spleen samples from 12 portal hypertensive patients and 4 patients with traumatic ruptures of spleen were examined. The samples of spleen were made into pathological sections, stained with Masson trichrome stain, Gomori stain, and CD68, CD34 immunohistochemistry, and were examined microscopically for the changes in the distribution of collagen fibers, reticular fibers, macrophages, and vascular endothelial cells. The changes in ultrastructure of macrophages and endothelial cells in marginal zone were also evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Results As compared to the normal spleen, the density of macrophage in the PH spleen was decreased, but the macrophages were mainly located in the marginal zone and distributed around the splenic corpuscle, with many villi and pseudopodium-like protrusion on the cell surface. The accrementition of collagen fibers was obvious around the splenic corpuscle and central artery. The increased reticulate fibers encircled the splenic corpuscle with more connection between the fibers. The vascular endothelial cells were in diffused distribution, without any regionality in PH spleen, but the vessel with enlarged lumina increased in red pulp. Conclusions The morphological changes of the blood spleen barrier can be one of the pathological fundaments for the abnormality of the immune function and the increased destruction of blood cells located in the spleens of patients with PH However. this still entails clarification.     

Effects of early bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected from dogs with smokeinhalation injury on the lungs of rats

Whether early massive bronchoalveolar lavage can remove the harmful substances from the lungs injured with smoke inhalation remains uncertain. This study was designed to observe the effects of early massive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) on the healthy lungs in rats. Methods: Mongrel dogs were inflicted with severe smoke inhalation injury.. The injured lungs were lavaged with large amount of normal saline in the first hour after injury and the BALF was collected. The BALF was injected into the healthy lungs of 30 rats (group C) in the dosage of 5 ml/kg. The functions and pathological changes of the lungs were observed 24 h after perfusion with the BALF. The data were compared with those of 23 rats (group B) whose lungs were perfused with the BALF collected from normal dogs and those of 21 rats (group A) whose lungs were perfused with normal saline. Results: The mortality rate 24 h after lung perfusion was higher in group C than in groups A and B. The survivors of group C exhibited fluctuation of respiratory rate (RR), remarkable decrease of PaO2, significantly higher content of lung water, decrease of total static pnlmonary, compliance and pulmonary expansion index, and increasse of inflammatory cytokines in the tissues of lungs. Only slight mechanic obstructive effect on the airway was observed in rats of group A and B. The pathological changes of the lungs of the rats in group C were similar to those of the dogs with actual smoke inhalation injury.. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the BALF collected from dogs with acute severe smoke inhalation injury, in the early stage after injury injured the normal lungs of rats with the bioactive substances in the BALF. These findings show us that it is a valuable therapeutic procedure to apply massive bronchoalveolar fluid lavage in the early stage after inhalation injury.     

青年和老年大白鼠脊髓运动神经细胞突触的观察

目的研究老年大白鼠脊髓运动神经细胞突触的变化，探讨衰老的形态学基础。方法用Golgi Deineka银染法研究比较青年（4～6个月龄）和老年（26～30个月龄）大白鼠脊髓腰段前角运动神经细胞胞体和近侧树突突触的形态和数目。结果老年大白鼠脊髓运动神经细胞上不规则和网形突触明显较青年大白鼠增多，并且突触密度明姓少于青年大白鼠。结论脊髓是神经系统的初级反射中枢，突触是其神经元实现其生理功能的重要结构，随着个体的衰老，突触数目和形态会发生改变，这也是机体衰老后生理机能减退的形态学基础之一。     

大鼠海马CA3区神经元突触的老龄性改变

目的:观察老龄大鼠海马CA3区神经元突触超微结构的改变,探讨老龄动物海马学习记忆功能减退的形态学基础.方法:应用透射电镜技术,观察青年组(3～5月龄)和老龄组(24～26月龄)Wistar大鼠海马神经元的超微结构.结果:老龄组海马CA3区神经元的主要变化:突触连接缩短或间断、突触前后膜融合;突触小胞大量集聚、小胞大小不等;树突棘内棘器远离突触后膜,其扁平小囊增多并扩张.结论:老龄大鼠海马CA3区神经元突触发生了明显的变性改变,这可能是导致学习记忆障碍的形态学基础.     

大鼠迷走神经损伤对中枢核团神经元的影响

目的观察大鼠外周迷走神经主干离断后对中枢迷走背核神经元的影响。方法应用尼氏染色和免疫组化检测成熟雄性
SD大鼠迷走神经主干离断后中枢背核神经元形态和诱导型一氧化氮合成酶（iNOS）及烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶（NADPH）
表达的变化。结果迷走神经离断后1d和5d右侧背核神经元形态与对照组及同时间点左侧背核相比有明显改变,神经元细胞
数量有明显减少;右侧迷走神经离断后5d大鼠右侧背核区均可见大量iNOS染色阳性神经元;右侧迷走神经离断后5d大鼠右
侧背核区均可见较多NADPH染色阳性神经元。结论大鼠单侧迷走神经离断后可导致同侧迷走中枢背核发生逆行性改变。
     

迷走神经刺激对大鼠丘脑室旁核及下丘脑室旁核星形胶质细胞的影响

目的:观察迷走神经刺激(VNS)后丘脑室旁核(PV)、下丘脑室旁核(PVN)星形胶质细胞数量和形态的改变,阐明星形胶质细胞在VNS治疗癫中的机制。方法:利用免疫组织化学方法,观察VNS前后PV、PVN胶原纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)的表达变化。结果:VNS后,PV、PVNGFAP阳性纤维数量增多,染色加深,部分细胞胞体增大,突起增多,变粗变长。结论:VNS可以改变星形胶质细胞的活性。提示PV、PVN星形胶质细胞形态功能的改变可能在VNS抑制癫过程中起了重要作用。     

模拟失重状态下大鼠前庭形态学和耳石钙含量的变化

目的:模拟失重状态下观察大鼠前庭器官形态学改变和测量耳石中的钙含量. 方法:通过尾部悬吊法模拟失重状态制备试验模型,用扫描电子显微镜和X射线微区分析技术对其进行观察. 结果:尾部悬吊法模拟失重状态160 d后,实验大鼠前庭耳石变小、变圆、形态不规则或出现裂痕,同时,可见耳石结构松散,毫无规律,与正常大鼠不同;耳石中钙的含量也显著下降(P<0.01). 结论:骨形成减少可能是引起耳石中钙含量减少的主要原因;而头部血流量的增多可能是中耳和内耳形态学改变的原因.     

急进高原大鼠形态学变化与早期脑水肿关系的研究

目的 为阐明急进高原脑组织病变发病机制,对急进高原大鼠在高原环境下脑组织形态学变化和脑含水量的改变进行相关研究.方法 解剖、观察Wister大鼠高原1、3 、7 d组脑组织大体形态变化.H-E染色,光镜观察脑组织学变化;电镜观察脑组织超微结构变化.测定脑组织含水量.结果 光镜下,脑组织出现明显炎症反应,脑组织充血水肿,内有大量的炎性细胞.电镜下,神经元细胞出现凋亡.脑组织含水量与对照组比较,1、3、7 d组含水量增加（P＜0.05）.结论 高原脑组织损伤的发生与高原缺氧有关.推测缺氧使脑毛细血管壁通透性增加、脑水转运功能障碍;脑细胞发生凋亡,脑组织内液体大量聚集,引发脑水肿.     

肾康丸对早期糖尿病肾病大鼠足细胞损伤的保护作用

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological changes and expressions of desmin and podocin in podocytes of rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN) rats and renal protection mechanism of Shenkangwan. METHODS: DN model was established in rats by a single injection of streptozotocin. The rats were then randomly divided into model group, Shenkangwan treatment group, irbesartan treatment group, and Shenkangwan plus irbesartan treatment group, with normal rats as the control group. All the rats received daily gavage for 8 weeks. The urinary protein quantity in 24 h were detected, and the morphological changes of the kidneys were observed with optic and transmission electron microscopes. The expressions of desmin and podocin in the podocytes were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Shenkangwan and irbesartan reduced the urinary protein quantity in 24 h and alleviated the renal damage in DN rats, and the expression of desmin was significantly attenuated while podocin expression increased in the podocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Shenkangwan can provide renal protection against DN in rats and alleviate the structural and functional damages of podocytes possibly by reducing desmin expression and increasing podocin expression in the podocytes.     

早期糖尿病大鼠肾组织的形态和功能的变化

目的：观察早期糖尿病大鼠肾脏的结构和功能的变化。方法：建立链脲佐菌素诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型。分别在第1、2、4周3个时间点处死动物,取肾组织应用光镜技术观察肾组织的形态学改变;收集24小时尿液,测定尿肌酐及24小时尿微量白蛋白排泄量,眶静脉取血测定血肌酐,计算内生肌酐清除率。结果：各时间点对照组大鼠的血糖均在正常范围之内,且彼此间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,糖尿病模型组大鼠的血糖均显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）;在4周病程时,糖尿病模型组大鼠的肾小球囊腔增大,毛细血管袢减少,基质增多。结论：在糖尿病的早期阶段,肾脏的结构和功能已经开始发生改变。     

内毒素血症大鼠心肌细胞骨架蛋白基因表达的变化

目的 探讨内毒素血症大鼠心肌细胞骨架蛋白基因表达的变化.方法 37只Wistar大鼠随机分两组,静脉注射精制内毒素或生理盐水,连续24h监测两组大鼠的心功能;另取54只大鼠注射精制内毒素之后不同时间点处死大鼠,取左心室心肌组织,给予常规病理切片、电子显微镜观察以及actin、tubulin、desmin等细胞骨架蛋白基因的转录水平检测.结果 内毒素组大鼠LVSP在8～24 h与对照组相比有显著降低,而LVEDP变化不明显,表明LPS以损害心肌收缩功能为主;显微结构实验显示给予内毒素处理不同时间段的大鼠心肌组织显微结构有明显的破坏,基因表达实验显示细胞骨架蛋白基因的转录水平变化随内毒索注射时间变化出现显著性差异.结论 LPS可引起大鼠心功能及心肌细胞结构出现明显的损害,并引起心肌组织细胞骨架蛋白α-actin、tubulin基因表达发生显著的变化.     

急性结肠炎大鼠肠运动功能和肌间神经丛形态学变化

目的：观察大鼠急性结肠炎症时,胃肠传输速率及其肌间神经丛形态学改变,探讨急性结肠炎大鼠肠动力障碍的机制。方法：20只大鼠分成对照组和急性结肠炎组,急性结肠炎组用乙酸灌肠制备急性结肠炎模型,第3天测定两组大鼠胃肠传输速率,并用酶组织化学方法观察结肠肌间神经丛内胆碱能和氮能神经的组织学改变。结果：急性结肠炎组大鼠胃肠传输速度明显减慢,肌间神经丛内胆碱能和氮能神经元的密度均明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论：急性结肠炎大鼠肌间神经丛内胆碱能和氮能神经元减少,可能是导致肠动力障碍的重要原因。